Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symp...Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.展开更多
A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and s...A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and state laws, as well as instructional basis. Identification process of LEP （Limited English Proficient） students via nomination, testing and testing criteria to be identified as LEP, hence ESL if placed in the program is defined in detail Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP （Adequate Yearly Progress） measures through regular state standardized tests depending on three types of instructional program that LEP student is placed in the school that are Bilingual Education Program, ESL Program, and Two-Way Immersion Dual Language Programs are described. Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP measures through other means if exempted from regular state standardized tests such as LAT （Linguistically Accommodated Testing） and the conditions to be exempted are discussed in detail. Holistically rated English Language Proficiency Assessments that are implemented to fulfill federal AMAOs （Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives） measures are defined briefly. Physical features of LAT test as well as direct and indirect accommodations for LAT reading, mathematics and science tests are defined via the accommodation needed and the type of assistance provided. Lastly, testing criteria to exit LEP status and other issues concerning exiting LEP status are reviewed展开更多
In terms of the problem of the evaluation of the utilization efficiency of the opening and sharing of the expensive instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, combined with the Internet plus management mo...In terms of the problem of the evaluation of the utilization efficiency of the opening and sharing of the expensive instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, combined with the Internet plus management mode of the whole process of the valuable instruments, based on the idea of ＂full opening and sharing＂, the author of this paper established the opening and sharing mechanisms of the instruments and equipment, to promote their effective allocation and improve their utilization efficiency. In this paper, the author carries out the thinking and discussion of the construction of a standardized evaluation system of the performance evaluation the valuable instruments and equipment.展开更多
Background:This study aims to develop and validate a Structured Training Effectiveness Evaluation(STEE)tool based on the Kirkpatrick model for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room in China.Methods:T...Background:This study aims to develop and validate a Structured Training Effectiveness Evaluation(STEE)tool based on the Kirkpatrick model for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room in China.Methods:The first phase will involve focus group and individual interviews with nursing educators and newly graduated registered nurses selected using purposive sampling.The data will be analyzed thematically to identify key components necessary to develop the STEE tool.The second phase will develop and validate the STEE tool through a panel of experts using the Delphi method.The item weights will be determined with the analytic hierarchy process technique.The third phase will involve implementation and evaluation of the STEE tool with an exploratory,nonexperimental,and comparative analysis.Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed with SPSS version 23.Results:The STEE tool for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room will be useful for evaluating training effectiveness during standardized training.The results obtained with this tool will clarify the effectiveness of training,thereby helping transform nursing students into competent nurses.Conclusion:In this way,this study will provide practical guidance for improving standardized training programs and help newly graduated nurses manage their transition to the clinical work environment and remain in their posts.展开更多
In the independent electro-hydrogen system(IEHS)with hybrid energy storage(HESS),achieving optimal scheduling is crucial.Still,it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values ofmultiple optimizatio...In the independent electro-hydrogen system(IEHS)with hybrid energy storage(HESS),achieving optimal scheduling is crucial.Still,it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values ofmultiple optimization objective functions caused by their physical dimensions.These deviations seriously affect the scheduling process.A novel standardization fusion method has been established to address this issue by analyzing the variation process of each objective function’s values.The optimal scheduling results of IEHS with HESS indicate that the economy and overall energy loss can be improved 2–3 times under different optimization methods.The proposed method better balances all optimization objective functions and reduces the impact of their dimensionality.When the cost of BESS decreases by approximately 30%,its participation deepens by about 1 time.Moreover,if the price of the electrolyzer is less than 15¥/kWh or if the cost of the fuel cell drops below 4¥/kWh,their participation will increase substantially.This study aims to provide a more reasonable approach to solving multi-objective optimization problems.展开更多
Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely ...Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing eme...Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore the effect of standardized patient(SP)-narrative nursing in the experimental teaching of surgical nursing.Methods:A quasi-experimental study design was adopted.A total of 200 unde...Objective:This study aimed to explore the effect of standardized patient(SP)-narrative nursing in the experimental teaching of surgical nursing.Methods:A quasi-experimental study design was adopted.A total of 200 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from the Nursing College of Guilin Medical University in China from March 2023 to December 2024.The intervention group recruited students from the Class of 2022(n=100),and the control group recruited students from the Class of 2021(n=100).The intervention group adopted a teaching model combining standardized patients with narrative nursing based on traditional scenariobased simulation teaching,which was applied to the nursing of perioperative patients(4 class hours)and scenario-based case drills(4 class hours)in the experimental teaching of surgical nursing.The control group used traditional scenario-based simulation teaching.The Nurse Humanistic Care Quality Evaluation Scale,Clinical Thinking Ability Evaluation Index System Scale for Medical Students,and Nurse-Patient Communication Ability Evaluation Scale for Nursing Students were used to investigate and compare the teaching effects between the two groups of students.Results:The total scores of the intervention group on humanistic care(91.39±3.97),clinical thinking(79.64±6.33),and nurse-patient communication(157.22±7.95)abilities were significantly higher than those of the control group(82.29±3.62,65.11±7.24,and 147.05±7.84,respectively),with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).Conclusion:This study confirms that integrating the dual teaching model of standardized patients and narrative nursing in experimental teaching of surgical nursing has significantly optimized the theoretical and practical structure of teaching strategies.This innovative teaching method provides a promotable paradigm for nursing humanities education and is of positive significance for improving the effectiveness of cultivating the core literacy of nursing talents.展开更多
A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of m...A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic colon polypectomy is a common procedure used to remove polyps that may develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.Despite these advantages,patients frequently experience anxiety and other a...BACKGROUND Endoscopic colon polypectomy is a common procedure used to remove polyps that may develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.Despite these advantages,patients frequently experience anxiety and other adverse reactions.Standardized evidence-based nursing practices are essential for enhancing patient care by addressing both physical and psychological health issues.AIM To analyze the impact of standardized evidence-based nursing on psychological status and adverse reactions of patients undergoing endoscopic colonic polypectomy.METHODS Data from 200 patients who underwent endoscopic colonic polypectomy at the authors’hospital between January and June 2024 were randomly assigned to two groups:Control[received routine nursing care(n=100)]and study[received standardized evidence-based nursing intervention(s)(n=100)].Psychological status,visual analog scale,and Short-Form 36 Health Survey scores,adverse events,and satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the interventions,the study group exhibited significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,along with a reduced incidence of adverse events compared with the control group(P<0.05).Short-Form 36 Health Survey scores and overall satisfaction with nursing care were also significantly higher in the intervention group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Standardized evidence-based nursing interventions effectively reduced negative patient emotions and enhanced quality of life and satisfaction,demonstrating high safety.展开更多
This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing ...This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing agent products have evolved significantly,aligning with industrial development,market demands,regulatory requirements,to respond to the great impact of international competition in the industry.The paper analyzes the current state of China’s standards,including their composition and integration with industry growth,green development strategies,and international harmonization.Future development strategies for the standards framework should focus on valid period estimation,fire test model development,and raw material selection guidelines.By implementing these strategies,China’s fire protection industry can enhance product quality,contribute to public safety,and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of standardized patient scenario simulation teaching in geriatric medicine clinical education and provide references for improving teaching methods in geriatrics.Methods:Sixt...Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of standardized patient scenario simulation teaching in geriatric medicine clinical education and provide references for improving teaching methods in geriatrics.Methods:Sixty-five clinical physicians from other departments who rotated into the Geriatric Medicine Department for training between August 2024 and July 2025 were randomly divided into a control group(n=32)and an observation group(n=33).The control group received traditional centralized theoretical lectures combined with instructor-led clinical mentoring,while the observation group underwent standardized patient scenario simulation training.The two groups were compared on post-rotation examination scores and teaching satisfaction metrics.Results:The observation group achieved significantly higher post-rotation examination scores(88.37±3.04)than the control group(80.17±3.29)(p<0.01).Teaching satisfaction surveys revealed that trainees in the observation group demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction than the control group(p<0.05)regarding the teaching method’s effectiveness in enhancing learning interest,independent learning ability,comprehensive clinical problem-solving skills,patient communication skills,teamwork capabilities,and research conceptualization abilities.Conclusion:Standardized patient scenario simulation teaching effectively improves clinical teaching quality in geriatric medicine,enhances trainees’comprehensive clinical competencies,and holds value for broader application.展开更多
The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,whi...The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,which included stringent data preprocessing,differential gene expression analysis,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,provided valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of HCC.The comprehensive analysis of a dataset involving 370 HCC patients uncovered correlations between survival status and pathological characteristics,including tumor size,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis.The processed transcriptome dataset,comprising 420 samples and annotating 26,783 genes,served as a robust platform for identifying differential gene expression patterns.Among the significant differential expression genes,the key genes such as FBXO43,HAGLROS,CRISPLD1,LRRC3.DT,and ERN2,were pinpointed,which showed significant associations with patient survival outcomes,indicating their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers.This study can not only enhance the understanding of HCC’s genetic landscape but also establish a blueprint for a standardized process to discover prognostic biomarkers of various diseases using genetic big data.Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers through independent cohorts and exploring their utility in the development of personalized treatment strategies.展开更多
Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a hig...Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a high spatial resolution.Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)is an ideal water availability index for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and investigating the vegetation-water availability relationship.However,no high-resolution and long-term SPEI datasets over China are available.To fill this gap,we developed a new model based on machine learning to obtain high-resolution(1 km)SPEI data by combining climate variables with topographical and geographical features.Here,we analyzed the long-term drought over the past century(1901–2020)and vegetation-water availability relationship in the past two decades(2000–2020).The century-long drought trend analyses indicated an overall drying trend across China with increasing drought frequency,duration,and severity during the past century.We found that drought events in 1901–1961 showed a larger increase than that in 1961–2020,with the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showing a significant drying trend during 1901–1960 but a wetting trend during 1961–2020.There were 13.90%and 28.21%of vegetation in China showing water deficit and water surplus respectively during 2000–2020.The water deficit area significantly shrank from 2000 to 2020 across China,which is dominated by the significant decrease in water deficit areas in South China.Among temperature,precipitation,and vegetation abundance,temperature is the most important factor for the vegetation-water availability dynamics in China over the past two decades,with high temperature contributing to water deficit.Our findings are important for water and vegetation management under a warming climate.展开更多
As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education ref...As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education reform,Mini-CEX not only offers a fresh perspective for evaluating the clinical competence of resident physicians but also establishes a foundation for enhancing their overall quality and professional capabilities.Nonetheless,there are still certain constraints in the application of Mini-CEX,including inconsistent assessment criteria,assessor subjectivity,and inadequate feedback mechanisms.This paper will review relevant domestic and international studies,explore the practical application of Mini-CEX in standardized resident physician training,analyze its strengths and weaknesses in assessing clinical ability,and propose recommendations for future development directions.Through a thorough examination of this field,it aims to provide references and guidance for further optimizing the training model for resident physicians.展开更多
Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibili...Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing an optimal industrialization operation system driven by the dual wheels of"branding+standardization".The article first clarifies the connotation of high-quality development and the synergistic mechanism between branding and standardization.It then analyzes the current situation and bottlenecks of China's tea industry development.Subsequently,it proposes a dual-wheel drive strategy where branding enhances value and standardization guarantees quality,and designs a systematic implementation plan involving industrial chain synergy optimization and integrated support from government,industry,academia,research,and application.On this basis,strategies and suggestions are proposed,encompassing the starting point,standard focal points,key effort areas,innovation points,and target achievement points.The aim is to promote the tea industry to break through homogeneous competition,achieve value ascent,and provide important industrial support for regional high-quality development through the construction of the aforementioned system.展开更多
In recent years,with the continuous deepening of educational reform in the medical field,standardized training,as an important stage of providing excellent laboratory physicians to the clinic,not only needs to strengt...In recent years,with the continuous deepening of educational reform in the medical field,standardized training,as an important stage of providing excellent laboratory physicians to the clinic,not only needs to strengthen various professional skills of laboratory physicians,but also needs to integrate medical ethics education into the education.Report analysis uses clinical case test reports as teaching content.Under the guidance of attending physicians,resident physicians are the main body of standardized training.Teaching activities for report analysis are carried out by combining theoretical knowledge and case information.Through detailed planning of report analysis teaching activities and adequate preparation,standardized training activities are smoothly carried out.This targeted and comprehensive teaching model can effectively improve the clinical thinking and clinical laboratory professional ability of resident physicians,strengthen medical ethics,and make biochemistry sub-specialty resident physicians in laboratory medicine more adaptable to clinical work,thus achieving teaching goals.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the treatment effect of standardized bronchoscopic interventional therapy(i.e.,interventional therapy)on airway stenosis.Methods:Forty patients with airway stenosis admitted to the hospital betwee...Objective:To analyze the treatment effect of standardized bronchoscopic interventional therapy(i.e.,interventional therapy)on airway stenosis.Methods:Forty patients with airway stenosis admitted to the hospital between September 2022 and September 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The experimental group received interventional therapy,while the reference group received conventional treatment.The total effective rate,degree of airway stenosis,shortness of breath score,and lung function indicators were compared.Results:The total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the reference group.The proportion of mild stenosis in the degree of airway stenosis was higher in the experimental group than in the reference group.The shortness of breath score was lower in the experimental group than in the reference group.The lung function indicators were better in the experimental group than in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Interventional therapy is effective for patients with airway stenosis,as it can reduce the degree of stenosis,improve symptoms of shortness of breath,and protect patients’lung function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Student standardized patients(SSPs)can serve as valuable tools in teaching acute and severe gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To explore the effect of SSP on scenario simulation teaching and its impact on teachin...BACKGROUND Student standardized patients(SSPs)can serve as valuable tools in teaching acute and severe gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To explore the effect of SSP on scenario simulation teaching and its impact on teaching outcomes.METHODS From July 2021 to June 2024,200 nursing interns were taught about severe gastrointestinal tumor disease.In July 2022 the SSP scenario simulation teaching method was introduced to an observation group of 100 students.A control group of 100 students was taught using traditional methods from July 2021 to June 2022.The traditional teaching included classroom theoretical instruction,laboratory practical teaching,and course assessments.During the practical laboratory sessions,students performed operations using simulation mannequins,and course assessments were based on theoretical test scores combined with practical assessments using the mannequins.The teaching effects of both groups were compared in terms of comprehensive quality and student satisfaction.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly higher theoretical and operational scores(P<0.05),a notably livelier classroom atmosphere(P<0.05),and a higher learning satisfaction than the control group(98.00%vs 91.00%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION SSP combined with scenario simulation teaching enhanced the effectiveness of acute and severe gastrointestinal tumor disease education,improved students’overall quality,and increased their learning satisfaction,making it a valuable approach for wider adoption.展开更多
Objective:To enhance the reading skills of clinical pathology residents,it is essential to establish a well-structured electronic pathology reading library.Methods:In accordance with the Resident Standardization Train...Objective:To enhance the reading skills of clinical pathology residents,it is essential to establish a well-structured electronic pathology reading library.Methods:In accordance with the Resident Standardization Training Content and Standards(2022 Edition),clinical pathology residents are required to master pathological diagnoses across 11 systems:skin,head and neck,mediastinum and respiratory,digestive,urinary and male reproductive,female reproductive and breast,lymphatic and hematopoietic,bone and soft tissue,cardiovascular,central nervous,and endocrine diseases.Senior pathologists specializing in each subspecialty selected classic pathological slides,which were systematically scanned and compiled into an electronic pathology library.Results:A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather feedback on the electronic pathology reading library.Residents generally found it to be convenient,efficient,and conducive to learning.Conclusion:Training in clinical pathology diagnosis is a core component of standardized resident training.The electronic pathology reading library has been well-received and recognized by resident doctors.However,further efforts are needed to explore diverse teaching methods that align with modern educational approaches,ultimately contributing to the development of highly skilled resident doctors.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0702402National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32070531。
文摘Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.
文摘A comprehensive overview of standardized testing system for ESL （English as a Second Language） students in U.S kindergarten thru grade 12 public school system is reviewed within the context of basis on federal and state laws, as well as instructional basis. Identification process of LEP （Limited English Proficient） students via nomination, testing and testing criteria to be identified as LEP, hence ESL if placed in the program is defined in detail Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP （Adequate Yearly Progress） measures through regular state standardized tests depending on three types of instructional program that LEP student is placed in the school that are Bilingual Education Program, ESL Program, and Two-Way Immersion Dual Language Programs are described. Standardized testing process of these students based on the federal AYP measures through other means if exempted from regular state standardized tests such as LAT （Linguistically Accommodated Testing） and the conditions to be exempted are discussed in detail. Holistically rated English Language Proficiency Assessments that are implemented to fulfill federal AMAOs （Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives） measures are defined briefly. Physical features of LAT test as well as direct and indirect accommodations for LAT reading, mathematics and science tests are defined via the accommodation needed and the type of assistance provided. Lastly, testing criteria to exit LEP status and other issues concerning exiting LEP status are reviewed
文摘In terms of the problem of the evaluation of the utilization efficiency of the opening and sharing of the expensive instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, combined with the Internet plus management mode of the whole process of the valuable instruments, based on the idea of ＂full opening and sharing＂, the author of this paper established the opening and sharing mechanisms of the instruments and equipment, to promote their effective allocation and improve their utilization efficiency. In this paper, the author carries out the thinking and discussion of the construction of a standardized evaluation system of the performance evaluation the valuable instruments and equipment.
基金Peking University Health Science Center,Grant/Award Number:2019YB30。
文摘Background:This study aims to develop and validate a Structured Training Effectiveness Evaluation(STEE)tool based on the Kirkpatrick model for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room in China.Methods:The first phase will involve focus group and individual interviews with nursing educators and newly graduated registered nurses selected using purposive sampling.The data will be analyzed thematically to identify key components necessary to develop the STEE tool.The second phase will develop and validate the STEE tool through a panel of experts using the Delphi method.The item weights will be determined with the analytic hierarchy process technique.The third phase will involve implementation and evaluation of the STEE tool with an exploratory,nonexperimental,and comparative analysis.Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed with SPSS version 23.Results:The STEE tool for newly graduated registered nurses in the operating room will be useful for evaluating training effectiveness during standardized training.The results obtained with this tool will clarify the effectiveness of training,thereby helping transform nursing students into competent nurses.Conclusion:In this way,this study will provide practical guidance for improving standardized training programs and help newly graduated nurses manage their transition to the clinical work environment and remain in their posts.
基金sponsored by R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202410009013).
文摘In the independent electro-hydrogen system(IEHS)with hybrid energy storage(HESS),achieving optimal scheduling is crucial.Still,it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values ofmultiple optimization objective functions caused by their physical dimensions.These deviations seriously affect the scheduling process.A novel standardization fusion method has been established to address this issue by analyzing the variation process of each objective function’s values.The optimal scheduling results of IEHS with HESS indicate that the economy and overall energy loss can be improved 2–3 times under different optimization methods.The proposed method better balances all optimization objective functions and reduces the impact of their dimensionality.When the cost of BESS decreases by approximately 30%,its participation deepens by about 1 time.Moreover,if the price of the electrolyzer is less than 15¥/kWh or if the cost of the fuel cell drops below 4¥/kWh,their participation will increase substantially.This study aims to provide a more reasonable approach to solving multi-objective optimization problems.
文摘Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Exploring the Changes and Mechanisms of Cerebral Microcirculation in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on OCTA Assessment”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-569)Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund,“Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Based on Eye Tracking Technology”(Project No.:2023YJY-72)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Study on the Correlation between Deep Medullary Veins and Cognitive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-033)。
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.
基金supported by the Undergraduate Teaching Innovation Project of Guangxi Higher Education(grant number:2023JGB307,Department of Education of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China)the Guangxi Autonomous Regionlevel Research and Practice Project on New Engineering,New Medicine,New Agriculture and New Liberal Arts"Research on the Reform of the Integration of Undergraduate Courses in Nursing Major under the Background of Grand Health"(grant number:XYK202414).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the effect of standardized patient(SP)-narrative nursing in the experimental teaching of surgical nursing.Methods:A quasi-experimental study design was adopted.A total of 200 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from the Nursing College of Guilin Medical University in China from March 2023 to December 2024.The intervention group recruited students from the Class of 2022(n=100),and the control group recruited students from the Class of 2021(n=100).The intervention group adopted a teaching model combining standardized patients with narrative nursing based on traditional scenariobased simulation teaching,which was applied to the nursing of perioperative patients(4 class hours)and scenario-based case drills(4 class hours)in the experimental teaching of surgical nursing.The control group used traditional scenario-based simulation teaching.The Nurse Humanistic Care Quality Evaluation Scale,Clinical Thinking Ability Evaluation Index System Scale for Medical Students,and Nurse-Patient Communication Ability Evaluation Scale for Nursing Students were used to investigate and compare the teaching effects between the two groups of students.Results:The total scores of the intervention group on humanistic care(91.39±3.97),clinical thinking(79.64±6.33),and nurse-patient communication(157.22±7.95)abilities were significantly higher than those of the control group(82.29±3.62,65.11±7.24,and 147.05±7.84,respectively),with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).Conclusion:This study confirms that integrating the dual teaching model of standardized patients and narrative nursing in experimental teaching of surgical nursing has significantly optimized the theoretical and practical structure of teaching strategies.This innovative teaching method provides a promotable paradigm for nursing humanities education and is of positive significance for improving the effectiveness of cultivating the core literacy of nursing talents.
基金funded by Hasanuddin University,grant number 00309/UN4.22/PT.01.03/2024.
文摘A drought is when reduced rainfall leads to a water crisis,impacting daily life.Over recent decades,droughts have affected various regions,including South Sulawesi,Indonesia.This study aims to map the probability of meteo-rological drought months using the 1-month Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)in South Sulawesi.Based on SPI,meteorological drought characteristics are inversely proportional to drought event intensity,which can be modeled using a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,specifically the Power Law Process.The estimation method employs Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE),where drought event intensities are treated as random variables over a set time interval.Future drought months are estimated using the cumulative Power Law Process function,with theβandγparameters more significant than 0.The probability of drought months is determined using the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process,which models event occurrence over time,considering varying intensities.The results indicate that,of the 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi,14 experienced meteorological drought based on the SPI and Power Law Process model.The estimated number of months of drought occurrence in the next 12 months is one month of drought with an occurrence probability value of 0.37 occurring in November in the Selayar,Bulukumba,Bantaeng,Jeneponto,Takalar and Gowa areas,in October in the Sinjai,Barru,Bone,Soppeng,Pinrang and Pare-pare areas,as well as in December in the Maros and Makassar areas.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic colon polypectomy is a common procedure used to remove polyps that may develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.Despite these advantages,patients frequently experience anxiety and other adverse reactions.Standardized evidence-based nursing practices are essential for enhancing patient care by addressing both physical and psychological health issues.AIM To analyze the impact of standardized evidence-based nursing on psychological status and adverse reactions of patients undergoing endoscopic colonic polypectomy.METHODS Data from 200 patients who underwent endoscopic colonic polypectomy at the authors’hospital between January and June 2024 were randomly assigned to two groups:Control[received routine nursing care(n=100)]and study[received standardized evidence-based nursing intervention(s)(n=100)].Psychological status,visual analog scale,and Short-Form 36 Health Survey scores,adverse events,and satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the interventions,the study group exhibited significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,along with a reduced incidence of adverse events compared with the control group(P<0.05).Short-Form 36 Health Survey scores and overall satisfaction with nursing care were also significantly higher in the intervention group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Standardized evidence-based nursing interventions effectively reduced negative patient emotions and enhanced quality of life and satisfaction,demonstrating high safety.
基金supported by the specialized fund project for the fundamental research operation of central-level public welfare scientific research institutes,titled“Research on the International Standards System Construction and Updates in the Field of Fire Protection(Project No.2023SJ09)”.
文摘This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing agent products have evolved significantly,aligning with industrial development,market demands,regulatory requirements,to respond to the great impact of international competition in the industry.The paper analyzes the current state of China’s standards,including their composition and integration with industry growth,green development strategies,and international harmonization.Future development strategies for the standards framework should focus on valid period estimation,fire test model development,and raw material selection guidelines.By implementing these strategies,China’s fire protection industry can enhance product quality,contribute to public safety,and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of standardized patient scenario simulation teaching in geriatric medicine clinical education and provide references for improving teaching methods in geriatrics.Methods:Sixty-five clinical physicians from other departments who rotated into the Geriatric Medicine Department for training between August 2024 and July 2025 were randomly divided into a control group(n=32)and an observation group(n=33).The control group received traditional centralized theoretical lectures combined with instructor-led clinical mentoring,while the observation group underwent standardized patient scenario simulation training.The two groups were compared on post-rotation examination scores and teaching satisfaction metrics.Results:The observation group achieved significantly higher post-rotation examination scores(88.37±3.04)than the control group(80.17±3.29)(p<0.01).Teaching satisfaction surveys revealed that trainees in the observation group demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction than the control group(p<0.05)regarding the teaching method’s effectiveness in enhancing learning interest,independent learning ability,comprehensive clinical problem-solving skills,patient communication skills,teamwork capabilities,and research conceptualization abilities.Conclusion:Standardized patient scenario simulation teaching effectively improves clinical teaching quality in geriatric medicine,enhances trainees’comprehensive clinical competencies,and holds value for broader application.
基金the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project with the start-up funding from Linyi Vocational College。
文摘The paper utilized a standardized methodology to identify prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by analyzing transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The approach,which included stringent data preprocessing,differential gene expression analysis,and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,provided valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of HCC.The comprehensive analysis of a dataset involving 370 HCC patients uncovered correlations between survival status and pathological characteristics,including tumor size,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis.The processed transcriptome dataset,comprising 420 samples and annotating 26,783 genes,served as a robust platform for identifying differential gene expression patterns.Among the significant differential expression genes,the key genes such as FBXO43,HAGLROS,CRISPLD1,LRRC3.DT,and ERN2,were pinpointed,which showed significant associations with patient survival outcomes,indicating their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers.This study can not only enhance the understanding of HCC’s genetic landscape but also establish a blueprint for a standardized process to discover prognostic biomarkers of various diseases using genetic big data.Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers through independent cohorts and exploring their utility in the development of personalized treatment strategies.
基金funded by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42377467).
文摘Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a high spatial resolution.Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)is an ideal water availability index for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and investigating the vegetation-water availability relationship.However,no high-resolution and long-term SPEI datasets over China are available.To fill this gap,we developed a new model based on machine learning to obtain high-resolution(1 km)SPEI data by combining climate variables with topographical and geographical features.Here,we analyzed the long-term drought over the past century(1901–2020)and vegetation-water availability relationship in the past two decades(2000–2020).The century-long drought trend analyses indicated an overall drying trend across China with increasing drought frequency,duration,and severity during the past century.We found that drought events in 1901–1961 showed a larger increase than that in 1961–2020,with the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showing a significant drying trend during 1901–1960 but a wetting trend during 1961–2020.There were 13.90%and 28.21%of vegetation in China showing water deficit and water surplus respectively during 2000–2020.The water deficit area significantly shrank from 2000 to 2020 across China,which is dominated by the significant decrease in water deficit areas in South China.Among temperature,precipitation,and vegetation abundance,temperature is the most important factor for the vegetation-water availability dynamics in China over the past two decades,with high temperature contributing to water deficit.Our findings are important for water and vegetation management under a warming climate.
基金Scientific Research Fund Project of China Three Gorges University(Project No.:2022kj008)Special Scientific Research Fund Project of China Three Gorges University(Project No.:2023kjzx001)。
文摘As a crucial assessment tool,the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)has gradually garnered attention in the clinical skills training of resident physicians.With the ongoing advancement of medical education reform,Mini-CEX not only offers a fresh perspective for evaluating the clinical competence of resident physicians but also establishes a foundation for enhancing their overall quality and professional capabilities.Nonetheless,there are still certain constraints in the application of Mini-CEX,including inconsistent assessment criteria,assessor subjectivity,and inadequate feedback mechanisms.This paper will review relevant domestic and international studies,explore the practical application of Mini-CEX in standardized resident physician training,analyze its strengths and weaknesses in assessing clinical ability,and propose recommendations for future development directions.Through a thorough examination of this field,it aims to provide references and guidance for further optimizing the training model for resident physicians.
基金Supported by General Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research in Universities of Jiangsu Province,2024(2024SJYB1650).
文摘Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing an optimal industrialization operation system driven by the dual wheels of"branding+standardization".The article first clarifies the connotation of high-quality development and the synergistic mechanism between branding and standardization.It then analyzes the current situation and bottlenecks of China's tea industry development.Subsequently,it proposes a dual-wheel drive strategy where branding enhances value and standardization guarantees quality,and designs a systematic implementation plan involving industrial chain synergy optimization and integrated support from government,industry,academia,research,and application.On this basis,strategies and suggestions are proposed,encompassing the starting point,standard focal points,key effort areas,innovation points,and target achievement points.The aim is to promote the tea industry to break through homogeneous competition,achieve value ascent,and provide important industrial support for regional high-quality development through the construction of the aforementioned system.
文摘In recent years,with the continuous deepening of educational reform in the medical field,standardized training,as an important stage of providing excellent laboratory physicians to the clinic,not only needs to strengthen various professional skills of laboratory physicians,but also needs to integrate medical ethics education into the education.Report analysis uses clinical case test reports as teaching content.Under the guidance of attending physicians,resident physicians are the main body of standardized training.Teaching activities for report analysis are carried out by combining theoretical knowledge and case information.Through detailed planning of report analysis teaching activities and adequate preparation,standardized training activities are smoothly carried out.This targeted and comprehensive teaching model can effectively improve the clinical thinking and clinical laboratory professional ability of resident physicians,strengthen medical ethics,and make biochemistry sub-specialty resident physicians in laboratory medicine more adaptable to clinical work,thus achieving teaching goals.
文摘Objective:To analyze the treatment effect of standardized bronchoscopic interventional therapy(i.e.,interventional therapy)on airway stenosis.Methods:Forty patients with airway stenosis admitted to the hospital between September 2022 and September 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The experimental group received interventional therapy,while the reference group received conventional treatment.The total effective rate,degree of airway stenosis,shortness of breath score,and lung function indicators were compared.Results:The total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the reference group.The proportion of mild stenosis in the degree of airway stenosis was higher in the experimental group than in the reference group.The shortness of breath score was lower in the experimental group than in the reference group.The lung function indicators were better in the experimental group than in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Interventional therapy is effective for patients with airway stenosis,as it can reduce the degree of stenosis,improve symptoms of shortness of breath,and protect patients’lung function.
文摘BACKGROUND Student standardized patients(SSPs)can serve as valuable tools in teaching acute and severe gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To explore the effect of SSP on scenario simulation teaching and its impact on teaching outcomes.METHODS From July 2021 to June 2024,200 nursing interns were taught about severe gastrointestinal tumor disease.In July 2022 the SSP scenario simulation teaching method was introduced to an observation group of 100 students.A control group of 100 students was taught using traditional methods from July 2021 to June 2022.The traditional teaching included classroom theoretical instruction,laboratory practical teaching,and course assessments.During the practical laboratory sessions,students performed operations using simulation mannequins,and course assessments were based on theoretical test scores combined with practical assessments using the mannequins.The teaching effects of both groups were compared in terms of comprehensive quality and student satisfaction.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly higher theoretical and operational scores(P<0.05),a notably livelier classroom atmosphere(P<0.05),and a higher learning satisfaction than the control group(98.00%vs 91.00%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION SSP combined with scenario simulation teaching enhanced the effectiveness of acute and severe gastrointestinal tumor disease education,improved students’overall quality,and increased their learning satisfaction,making it a valuable approach for wider adoption.
文摘Objective:To enhance the reading skills of clinical pathology residents,it is essential to establish a well-structured electronic pathology reading library.Methods:In accordance with the Resident Standardization Training Content and Standards(2022 Edition),clinical pathology residents are required to master pathological diagnoses across 11 systems:skin,head and neck,mediastinum and respiratory,digestive,urinary and male reproductive,female reproductive and breast,lymphatic and hematopoietic,bone and soft tissue,cardiovascular,central nervous,and endocrine diseases.Senior pathologists specializing in each subspecialty selected classic pathological slides,which were systematically scanned and compiled into an electronic pathology library.Results:A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather feedback on the electronic pathology reading library.Residents generally found it to be convenient,efficient,and conducive to learning.Conclusion:Training in clinical pathology diagnosis is a core component of standardized resident training.The electronic pathology reading library has been well-received and recognized by resident doctors.However,further efforts are needed to explore diverse teaching methods that align with modern educational approaches,ultimately contributing to the development of highly skilled resident doctors.
