For applying the perfect code to transmit quantum information over a noise channel,the standard protocol contains four steps:the encoding,the noise channel,the error-correction operation,and the decoding.In present wo...For applying the perfect code to transmit quantum information over a noise channel,the standard protocol contains four steps:the encoding,the noise channel,the error-correction operation,and the decoding.In present work,we show that this protocol can be simplified.The error-correction operation is not necessary if the decoding is realized by the so-called complete unitary transformation.We also offer a quantum circuit,which can correct the arbitrary single-qubit errors.展开更多
Exclusion from the mainstream financial world is a burden on the poor of many countries.The proliferation of new mobile and online financial services,such as e-banking,money transfers,and payment processing has the po...Exclusion from the mainstream financial world is a burden on the poor of many countries.The proliferation of new mobile and online financial services,such as e-banking,money transfers,and payment processing has the potential to provide access to basic financial products and services to financially excluded people.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the growth of mobile phone and Internet use on financial inclusion in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation(SAARC)countries from 2004 to 2014.We applied principal component analysis to construct a financial inclusion index that served as a proxy variable for the accessibility of financial services in the SAARC countries.Using three different models-the fixed effect,random effect,and panel correction standard errors modelsthis study discovered a positive and significant relationship between the growth of financial inclusion and expansion of both mobile phone and Internet services.Moreover,an empirical study of the control variables showed that the levels of income and education were positively associated with financial inclusion,whereas the size of the rural population and unemployment were negatively related to financial inclusion.In addition,the empirical estimates posit a unidirectional causal flow from the growth of mobile and Internet services to expanded financial inclusion in the SAARC countries.展开更多
The impact of hydro energy production,economic complexity,urbanization,technological innovation and financial development on environmental sustainability between 1995 and 2017 is examined for a panel of thirteen Asian...The impact of hydro energy production,economic complexity,urbanization,technological innovation and financial development on environmental sustainability between 1995 and 2017 is examined for a panel of thirteen Asian economies using two environmental proxies—their ecological footprint and CO_(2)emissions.The non-parametric Driscoll-Kraay standard error method and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test are applied to the data.Our findings show that hydro energy production and technological innovation have a significant negative impact on the environment,thus promoting environmental sustainability.Economic complexity significantly lowers environmental sustainability while the non-linear effect of economic complexity favors environmental sustainability;this confirms the existence of an economic-complexity-based inverted-U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.Moreover,urbanization and financial development significantly decrease environmental sustainability.The results of our study confirm the feedback causality between hydro energy production and carbon dioxide emissions.We recommend expansionary policies regarding hydro energy production that are beneficial for substituting fossil fuel energy.This paves a path towards environmental sustainability in this era of global boiling.展开更多
文摘For applying the perfect code to transmit quantum information over a noise channel,the standard protocol contains four steps:the encoding,the noise channel,the error-correction operation,and the decoding.In present work,we show that this protocol can be simplified.The error-correction operation is not necessary if the decoding is realized by the so-called complete unitary transformation.We also offer a quantum circuit,which can correct the arbitrary single-qubit errors.
基金We would like to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Human Resource Development,Govt.of India,for providing us financial support during this study period.
文摘Exclusion from the mainstream financial world is a burden on the poor of many countries.The proliferation of new mobile and online financial services,such as e-banking,money transfers,and payment processing has the potential to provide access to basic financial products and services to financially excluded people.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the growth of mobile phone and Internet use on financial inclusion in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation(SAARC)countries from 2004 to 2014.We applied principal component analysis to construct a financial inclusion index that served as a proxy variable for the accessibility of financial services in the SAARC countries.Using three different models-the fixed effect,random effect,and panel correction standard errors modelsthis study discovered a positive and significant relationship between the growth of financial inclusion and expansion of both mobile phone and Internet services.Moreover,an empirical study of the control variables showed that the levels of income and education were positively associated with financial inclusion,whereas the size of the rural population and unemployment were negatively related to financial inclusion.In addition,the empirical estimates posit a unidirectional causal flow from the growth of mobile and Internet services to expanded financial inclusion in the SAARC countries.
基金Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2024R87),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The impact of hydro energy production,economic complexity,urbanization,technological innovation and financial development on environmental sustainability between 1995 and 2017 is examined for a panel of thirteen Asian economies using two environmental proxies—their ecological footprint and CO_(2)emissions.The non-parametric Driscoll-Kraay standard error method and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test are applied to the data.Our findings show that hydro energy production and technological innovation have a significant negative impact on the environment,thus promoting environmental sustainability.Economic complexity significantly lowers environmental sustainability while the non-linear effect of economic complexity favors environmental sustainability;this confirms the existence of an economic-complexity-based inverted-U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.Moreover,urbanization and financial development significantly decrease environmental sustainability.The results of our study confirm the feedback causality between hydro energy production and carbon dioxide emissions.We recommend expansionary policies regarding hydro energy production that are beneficial for substituting fossil fuel energy.This paves a path towards environmental sustainability in this era of global boiling.
