Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a...Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a dominant tree species along the Tarim River watershed, plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of regional ecology, economy and society. However, as the result of climate changes and human activities, the natural riparian ecosystems within the whole river basin were degraded enormously, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the riparian forests were either highly degraded or dead. In this study, we presented one of the main criteria for the assessment of vitality of P. euphrafica forests by estimating the defoliation level, and analyzed forest structure and determined the height-diameter （height means the height of a tree and diameter means the diameter at breast height （DBH） of a tree） relationship of trees in different vitality classes （i.e. healthy, good, medium, senesced, dying, dead and fallen）. Trees classified as healthy and good ac- counted for approximately 40% of all sample trees, while slightly and highly degraded trees took up nearly 60% of total sample trees. The values of TH （tree height） and DBH ranged from 0-19 m and 0-125 cm, respectively. Trees more than 15 m in TH and 60 cm in DBH appeared sporadically. Trees in different vitality classes had different distribution patterns. Healthy trees were mainly composed more of relatively younger trees than of degraded tress. The height-diameter relationships differed greatly among tress in different vitality classes, with the coefficients ranging from 0.1653 to 0.6942. Correlation coefficients of TH and DBH in healthy and good trees were higher than those in trees of other vitality classes. The correlation between TH and DBH decreased with the decline of tree vitality. Our results suggested that it might be able to differentiate degraded P. euphratica trees from healthy trees by determining the height-diameter correlation coefficient, and the coefficient would be a new parameter for detecting degradation and assessing sustainable management of floodplain forests in arid regions. In addition, tree vitality should be taken into account to make an accurate height-diameter model for tree height prediction.展开更多
In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-237...In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-2374） and a mean diameter at breast height （over bark） of 19.6 cm （8.5-40.8 cm）. Site index was also examined in relation to soil type. Multiple samples were collected for three types of soil： light clay, medium clay and till. Site index curves were constructed using the col- lected data and compared with published reports. A number of dynamic equations were assessed for modeling top-height growth from total age.展开更多
中国人工林面积居世界第一,精确地对人工林结构进行监测具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古自治区赤峰市旺业甸林场内的落叶松和油松人工林为研究对象,利用无人机激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)离散点云数据和地面样地调查数据...中国人工林面积居世界第一,精确地对人工林结构进行监测具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古自治区赤峰市旺业甸林场内的落叶松和油松人工林为研究对象,利用无人机激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)离散点云数据和地面样地调查数据对人工林林分高进行建模,通过点云特征变量与地面测量的6种林分高(包括:Lorey’s高、算术平均高、最大高、优势树高、中位数高和树冠面积加权高)间的Pearson’s相关性筛选自变量,然后利用全子集回归构建不同林分高估测模型,并采用交叉检验法进行精度评价。结果表明:激光雷达点云高度百分位数与不同林分高相关性均较高,通过一元线性回归构建的不同林分高结果最优,且估测模型的自变量均为高度特征变量。Lorey’s高(R^(2)=0.91—0.97,rRMSE=2.75%—3.96%)、优势树高(R^(2)=0.86—0.97,rRMSE=3.72%—3.83%)和树冠面积加权高(R^(2)=0.86—0.96,rRMSE=3.81%—4.73%)估测精度最高,算术平均高(R^(2)=0.85—0.94,rRMSE=4.52%—6.07%)和中位数高(R^(2)=0.80—0.95,rRMSE=5.37%—7.34%)次之,最大高(R^(2)=0.69—0.87,rRMSE=6.19%—8.09%)最低。针对不同森林类型,落叶松人工林林分高估测精度最优,优于不区分森林类型模型的估测精度(ΔR^(2)=0—0.05,ΔrRMSE=-0.69%—1.97%),优于油松林林分高模型的估测精度(ΔR^(2)=0.06—0.18,ΔrRMSE=-1.90%—1.13%)。无人机激光雷达可以用于估测北方温带针叶林的林分高,能够满足人工林资源调查快速、精确的要求。展开更多
基金supported by International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA92720-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360200)+1 种基金the German Volkswagen Foundation Eco CAR Project (Az88497)the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the Su Ma Ri O Project (01LL0918D)
文摘Understanding stand structure and height-diameter relationship of trees provides very useful information to establish appropriate countermeasures for sustainable management of endangered forests. Populus euphratica, a dominant tree species along the Tarim River watershed, plays an irreplaceable role in the sustainable development of regional ecology, economy and society. However, as the result of climate changes and human activities, the natural riparian ecosystems within the whole river basin were degraded enormously, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the riparian forests were either highly degraded or dead. In this study, we presented one of the main criteria for the assessment of vitality of P. euphrafica forests by estimating the defoliation level, and analyzed forest structure and determined the height-diameter （height means the height of a tree and diameter means the diameter at breast height （DBH） of a tree） relationship of trees in different vitality classes （i.e. healthy, good, medium, senesced, dying, dead and fallen）. Trees classified as healthy and good ac- counted for approximately 40% of all sample trees, while slightly and highly degraded trees took up nearly 60% of total sample trees. The values of TH （tree height） and DBH ranged from 0-19 m and 0-125 cm, respectively. Trees more than 15 m in TH and 60 cm in DBH appeared sporadically. Trees in different vitality classes had different distribution patterns. Healthy trees were mainly composed more of relatively younger trees than of degraded tress. The height-diameter relationships differed greatly among tress in different vitality classes, with the coefficients ranging from 0.1653 to 0.6942. Correlation coefficients of TH and DBH in healthy and good trees were higher than those in trees of other vitality classes. The correlation between TH and DBH decreased with the decline of tree vitality. Our results suggested that it might be able to differentiate degraded P. euphratica trees from healthy trees by determining the height-diameter correlation coefficient, and the coefficient would be a new parameter for detecting degradation and assessing sustainable management of floodplain forests in arid regions. In addition, tree vitality should be taken into account to make an accurate height-diameter model for tree height prediction.
文摘In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years （range 15-51 years） with a mean stand density of 946 stems ha-~ （87-2374） and a mean diameter at breast height （over bark） of 19.6 cm （8.5-40.8 cm）. Site index was also examined in relation to soil type. Multiple samples were collected for three types of soil： light clay, medium clay and till. Site index curves were constructed using the col- lected data and compared with published reports. A number of dynamic equations were assessed for modeling top-height growth from total age.
文摘中国人工林面积居世界第一,精确地对人工林结构进行监测具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古自治区赤峰市旺业甸林场内的落叶松和油松人工林为研究对象,利用无人机激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)离散点云数据和地面样地调查数据对人工林林分高进行建模,通过点云特征变量与地面测量的6种林分高(包括:Lorey’s高、算术平均高、最大高、优势树高、中位数高和树冠面积加权高)间的Pearson’s相关性筛选自变量,然后利用全子集回归构建不同林分高估测模型,并采用交叉检验法进行精度评价。结果表明:激光雷达点云高度百分位数与不同林分高相关性均较高,通过一元线性回归构建的不同林分高结果最优,且估测模型的自变量均为高度特征变量。Lorey’s高(R^(2)=0.91—0.97,rRMSE=2.75%—3.96%)、优势树高(R^(2)=0.86—0.97,rRMSE=3.72%—3.83%)和树冠面积加权高(R^(2)=0.86—0.96,rRMSE=3.81%—4.73%)估测精度最高,算术平均高(R^(2)=0.85—0.94,rRMSE=4.52%—6.07%)和中位数高(R^(2)=0.80—0.95,rRMSE=5.37%—7.34%)次之,最大高(R^(2)=0.69—0.87,rRMSE=6.19%—8.09%)最低。针对不同森林类型,落叶松人工林林分高估测精度最优,优于不区分森林类型模型的估测精度(ΔR^(2)=0—0.05,ΔrRMSE=-0.69%—1.97%),优于油松林林分高模型的估测精度(ΔR^(2)=0.06—0.18,ΔrRMSE=-1.90%—1.13%)。无人机激光雷达可以用于估测北方温带针叶林的林分高,能够满足人工林资源调查快速、精确的要求。
