Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a n...Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a notable challenge for interpreting the measurement results by pathologists who have limited familiarity with polarization images.One feasible approach is to combine MM polarimetric imaging with virtual staining techniques to generate standardized stained images,inheriting the advantages of information-abundant MM polarimetric imaging.In this study,we develop a model using unpaired MM polarimetric images and bright-field images for generating standard hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stained tissue images.Compared with the existing polarization virtual staining techniques primarily based on the model training with paired images,the proposed Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks(CycleGAN)-based model simplifies data acquisition and data preprocessing to a great extent.The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of training CycleGAN with unpaired polarization images and their corresponding bright-field images as a viable approach,which provides an intuitive manner for pathologists for future polarization-assisted digital pathology.展开更多
One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies ...One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies that Philip R oth employs in the novel.T his paper focuses mainly on the elaboration of such narrative strategies as mimesis and diegesis,complicated narrative time,shifting focalizations,and narration or non-narrative comments,so as to point out that these narrative strategies add colors to its( postmodern) artistic features,becoming an integral component of this novel.展开更多
Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider uti...Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.展开更多
AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in O...AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in OIR model procedure. Eyes were removed for different staining methods including: (1) HE staining; (2) immunohistochemistry with Griffonia Simplicifolia Lectin (GSL); (3) Immunofluorescence with FITC labeled CD31 antibody; (4) Two-step immunofluorescence with purified-CD31 antibody; (5) FITC-Dextran perfusion combined with two-step purified-CD31immunofluorescence. Images of the retinal vasculature were analyzed by imaging software. ' RESULTS: GSL immunohistochemistry could clearly demonstrate the deep and superficial capillary beds. FITC labeled CD31 Immunofluorescence was blurring with high fluorescence background which was hard to distinguish retinal neovascularization in some area. Excellent detail of neovascularization and preexistent retinal vessels was provided in two-step Purified-CD31 immunofluorescence group. CONCLUSION: GSL immunohistochemistry can clearly demonstrate neovascularization tufts in deep and superficial capillary beds. Immunofluorescence of specific antigen CD31 on vascular endothelium can selectively label the neovascularization of mouse retina. When combined with computer analysis software, it is an effective and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in OIR mouse model.展开更多
AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific...AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific antibody, which were then extracted by the caprylic-ammonium sulphate method, purified through High-Q columns. An indirect immuno-fluorescent staining method （IFA） was established to detect the S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin slices. Detected S. enteritidis in each organ tissue of ducklings experimentally infected with S. enteritidis. RESULTS： The gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, brain, ileum, jejunum, bursa of Fabricius from S. enteritidis experimentally infected ducklings were positive or strongly positive, and the S. enteritidis antigen mainly distributed in the infected cell cytoplasm.CONCLUSION： IFA is an intuitionist, sensitive and specific method in detecting S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin wax slices, and it is a good method in diagnosis and antigen location of S. enteritidis. We also conclude that the gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, ileum, jejunum are target organs in S. enteritidis infections of duck, and S. enteritidis is an intracellular parasitic bacterium.展开更多
AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of ...AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.展开更多
We developed a special methylene blue solution for staining of cervix shedding cells based on catalytic oxidizing chromogenic reaction, which shows a potential for cervical cancer cytology screening. We screened a tot...We developed a special methylene blue solution for staining of cervix shedding cells based on catalytic oxidizing chromogenic reaction, which shows a potential for cervical cancer cytology screening. We screened a total of 1 922 women for cervical cancer with the special methylene blue staining method and a conventional Pap smear method using cervix shedding cells. Then, the patients with positive indicators of the Pap smear or this special solution staining method were examined by the electron colposcopy and histopathological examination. Staining of cervical exfoliated cells with this reactive oxygen-based special solution showed that the number of positive cases was 140(7.28%). Among them, 21 cases showed dark green(1.09%), and 119 cases showed purple black(6.19%). The results of the Pap smear method showed that the number of positive cases was 123(6.40%), of which ASCUS was 105(5.46%), ASC-H was 5(0.26%), and LSIL was 9(0.47%), and HSIL was 4(0.21%). For cervical exfoliated cell special staining solution for screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN-Ⅱ, CIN-Ⅲ) and cervical cancer, sensitivity was 83.33%, specificity was 65.52%, accuracy was 74.29%, missed diagnosis rate was 13.33%, positive coincidence rate was 51.43%, and the negative coincidence rate is 86.67%. Our results proved the value of this method for early screening of cervical cancer through clinical practice in China.展开更多
In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） mult...In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.展开更多
The solution chemical and optical characteristics of formation of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G2.0（NH2-PAMAM G2.0）-Au nanocomposites in the aqueous solution of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 at various mole ratios of...The solution chemical and optical characteristics of formation of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G2.0（NH2-PAMAM G2.0）-Au nanocomposites in the aqueous solution of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 at various mole ratios of Au（Ⅲ） to NH2-PAMAM G2.0 were studied by both UV-visible spectrometry and fluorospectrometry. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites, with a type of structure in which one Au nanoparticle is surrounded by several NH2-PAMAM G2.0 dendrimers, emit strong bluish violet fluorescence, and are uniform, water soluble and biocompatible as well as very stable in frozen conditions. The size of gold nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is about 2.5 nm and decreases with the increase of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 concentration. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0 plays an important role in acting as host or micro-reactor for Au（Ⅲ） before Au（Ⅲ） reduction and acting as dispersant and stabilizer for gold nanoparticles after Au（Ⅲ） reduction. Preliminary experiments of cells staining to human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines show that the NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites can be used as optical imaging markers for bioanalyses and medical diagnoses.展开更多
Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was e...Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was estimated by three different staining methods:2%acetic orcein,2%acetic carmine,and Alexander’s stain.The young inflorescences of twenty accessions were collected and fixed in a solution of ethanol:acetic acid(3:1)for 24 hours,then stored in ethanol 70%under refrigeration.Six slides per plant,two for each stain,were prepared by squashing,and 300 pollen grains per slide were analyzed.Pollen viability was high(>70%)for most accessions of P.paniculata using the Alexander’s stain,which proved the most adequate method to estimate pollen viability.展开更多
We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobrom...We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, carbon and oxygen elements and the ratio of oxygen to carbon decreased. Considering atomic binding,C_1 and C_4 contents increased, while C_2 and C_3 contents decreased, and the ratio of O_2 to O_1 decreased sharply. The relative contents of lignin, cellulose and polysaccharides increased and new substances with low O_2/O_1 ratio occurred. FTIR analysis showed that the absorption peaks of O–H at 3346 cm^(-1), aliphatic C–H at 2921, 2853 and1464 cm^(-1), and C=O at 1723 cm^(-1), were characteristic peaks of fungal melanin intensified, indicating that cane discoloration was primarily caused by fungal melanin. The absorption peaks characterizing cellulose and lignin like polysaccharides at 800 cm^(-1), C–H at 1374 cm^(-1), C–O at1058 and 1038 cm^(-1), phenolic hydroxyl at 1245 cm^(-1),aromatic ether bonds at 1270 cm^(-1), carbon skeleton at1608 cm^(-1) and benzene ring at 1500 cm^(-1) were enhanced since the fungus mainly consumed the extractives in cane cell lumens and the main composition content increased relatively. Regardless of the discoloration caused by natural fungi or inoculated fungi, the discoloring feature and composition changes were identical except that the fungusinoculated cane had more melanin.展开更多
DNA-binding fluorochromes are often used for vital staining of plant cell nuclei.However,it is not always sure whether the cells after staining still remain in living state.We chose several criteria to estimate the va...DNA-binding fluorochromes are often used for vital staining of plant cell nuclei.However,it is not always sure whether the cells after staining still remain in living state.We chose several criteria to estimate the validity of real vital staining for sexual cell nuclei.These were:the cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes whose nuclei were stained,the simultaneous visualization of fluo-rochromatic reaction and nucleus staining in isolated generative cells,and the capability of isolated,prestained generative or sperm cells to fuse with other protoplasts.The results confirmed that 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI),Hoechst 33258 and mithramycin could be used as real vital stains,though their efficiency varied from case to case;among them DAPI showed best effect.The fluorescent vital staining technique offered a useful means fori-dentification and selection of heterokaryons in gametoplast manipulation studies.展开更多
Seismic migration moves reflections to their true subsurface positions and yields seismic images of subsurface areas. However, due to limited acquisition aperture, complex overburden structure and target dipping angle...Seismic migration moves reflections to their true subsurface positions and yields seismic images of subsurface areas. However, due to limited acquisition aperture, complex overburden structure and target dipping angle, the migration often generates a distorted image of the actual subsurface structure. Seismic illumination and resolution analyses provide a quantitative description of how the above-mentioned factors distort the image. The point spread function （PSF） gives the resolution of the depth image and carries full information about the factors affecting the quality of the image. The staining algorithm establishes a correspondence between a certain structure and its relevant wavefield and reflected data. In this paper, we use the staining algorithm to calculate the PSFs, then use these PSFs for extracting the acquisition dip response and correcting the original depth image by deconvolution. We present relevant results of the SEG salt model. The staining algorithm provides an efficient tool for calculating the PSF and for conducting broadband seismic illumination and resolution analyses.展开更多
Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.M...Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.Methods APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice(APP/PS1)of different ages were used to examine spatiotemporal changes in Aβplaque deposition.Antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining were used to detect Aβplaque deposition in the same brain region of adjacent slices from model mice,and the results were compared.Results With aging,Aβplaques first appeared in the cortex and then the deposition increased throughout the whole brain.Significantly greater plaque deposition was detected by 6E10 antibody than that analyzed with Gallyas silver staining or thioflavin-S staining(P<0.05).Plaque deposition did not show significant difference between the APP/PS1 mice brains assayed with Gallyas silver staining and ones with thioflavin-S staining(P=0.0033).Conclusions The APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease could mimick the progress of Aβplaques occurred in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Antibody detection of Aβdeposition may be more sensitive than chemical staining methods.展开更多
Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very ...Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very limited due to the lack of a reliable method.In this study,the epifluorescence microscopy enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit stain was verified to quantify the abundance of viable and non-viable bacterial cells in rainwater,with the 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole（DAPI） stain for the reference of total cell counts.Results showed that the total counts of bacterial cells by LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were consistent with those by DAPI staining,and the average detection efficiency was（109 ± 29）%.The ratio of cell count with glutaraldehyde fixation to that without fixation was（106 ± 5）%on average.The bacterial concentration in negative control was usually an order of magnitude lower than that in rainwater samples.However,in case of small precipitation,the abundance in negative control could be more than that in rainwater samples.These results indicate that the enumeration with LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability assay coupled with glutaraldehyde fixation and careful negative control investigation is an approach applicable to the measurement of the concentration and viability of bacterial cells in rainwater.展开更多
The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa orellana, Curcuma d...The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens. The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity than those ofP. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves, each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks, indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.展开更多
Introduction: Reports indicate that fluorescent staining of smears increases sensitivity of direct microscopy;so ZN staining is being replaced with fluorescent microscopy in RNTCP in India. Chemical processing and spu...Introduction: Reports indicate that fluorescent staining of smears increases sensitivity of direct microscopy;so ZN staining is being replaced with fluorescent microscopy in RNTCP in India. Chemical processing and sputum concentration may also improve sensitivity of microscopy. Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for AFB using ZN and fluorescent stains in direct and concentrated specimen with culture as gold standard. Methods: Morning sputum specimen of patients, suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis, over a period of 6 months was subjected to direct microscopy using fluorescent stain;the same slide was over-stained with ZN stain. Same sputum sample was concentrated by Petroff’s method and subjected to fluorescent microscopy followed by ZN microscopy and finally to culture for AFB. Results: Sensitivity of fluorescent stained concentrated sputum samples was maximum and of ZN stained unprocessed sputum samples was minimum. Specificity of three of the methods was equal at 0.96 but of ZN stained concentrated sputum smears was 0.97. Sensitivity of total fluorescent stains was 0.85 (Specificity 0.96) and sensitivity of total ZN stained smears was 0.80 (Specificity 0.96). Discussion: We used same smear for fluorescent and ZN stains, so smear related variability is decreased. Blinding for microscopy was practically complete. Conclusion: The sensitivity of sputum microscopy for AFB can be increased by concentrating the sputum and using fluorescent microscopy. The specificity remains high in all the methods.展开更多
In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trame...In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter xianfangensis and Bacillus subtillis was inoculated in an extended aeration type bio-reactor. The treatment units were operated during three consecutive cycles during a period of 147 h. After the last operating cycle, the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Color Units, Total suspended solids, and the pH value were 1695 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 106 CU, 5), 1367 (CU), 566 mg/L (TSS) and 7.0 (pH) respectively. The reduction of pollutants load was related with the ratio of the two types of wastewater (3.5:0.5) combined to increase biodegradability, the concentration of fungi and bacteria used in the consortia (30 × 103 - 55 × 106 CUF/mL Total Fungi and 70 × 107 - 83 × 108 CFU/mL of Total Bacteria) and ligninolytic enzymes production, Laccase (13 - 96 U/L), MnP (9.8 - 39 U/L) and LiP (0.3 - 5.3 U/L). The post-treated effluent was used as irrigation water. Lolium perenne plants were watered during 60 days with post-treated effluent. The results of root weight showed that there are significant differences between the initial water and the effluent obtained after the operational cycles (p = 0.00470). The highest root weights (1 - 1.12 g) were found in plants irrigated with water obtained from the last treatment cycle.展开更多
AIM:To explore the value of Prussian blue staining in the diagnosis of ocular siderosis.METHODS:Between January 2012 and January 2013,the Prussian blue stain used in anterior lens capsule and vitreous liquid after cen...AIM:To explore the value of Prussian blue staining in the diagnosis of ocular siderosis.METHODS:Between January 2012 and January 2013,the Prussian blue stain used in anterior lens capsule and vitreous liquid after centrifugation from patients with definitive diagnosis and suspicious diagnosed of ocular siderosis. At the same time, give a negative control.RESULTS:Anterior lens capsule membrane and liquid of vitreous cavity from patients with definitive diagnosis and suspicious diagnosed of ocular siderosis revealed ferric ions that stained positively with Prussian blue. In the control group, there is no positive reaction.CONCLUSION:Prussian blue staining in the diagnosis of ocular siderosis has a very significant worth,suspected cases can be definitive diagnosed.展开更多
基金Shenzhen Key Fundamental Research Project(No.JCYJ20210324120012035).
文摘Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a notable challenge for interpreting the measurement results by pathologists who have limited familiarity with polarization images.One feasible approach is to combine MM polarimetric imaging with virtual staining techniques to generate standardized stained images,inheriting the advantages of information-abundant MM polarimetric imaging.In this study,we develop a model using unpaired MM polarimetric images and bright-field images for generating standard hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stained tissue images.Compared with the existing polarization virtual staining techniques primarily based on the model training with paired images,the proposed Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks(CycleGAN)-based model simplifies data acquisition and data preprocessing to a great extent.The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of training CycleGAN with unpaired polarization images and their corresponding bright-field images as a viable approach,which provides an intuitive manner for pathologists for future polarization-assisted digital pathology.
文摘One of the significant features of The Human Stain is that it lays bare the reality of American society and censures the Anglo-Saxon or white discourse.What are equally important are the multiple narrative strategies that Philip R oth employs in the novel.T his paper focuses mainly on the elaboration of such narrative strategies as mimesis and diegesis,complicated narrative time,shifting focalizations,and narration or non-narrative comments,so as to point out that these narrative strategies add colors to its( postmodern) artistic features,becoming an integral component of this novel.
基金Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the China National Natural Science Foundation （Nos. 30430530 and 30571337） and from the Momentous Research Project of the China Ministry of Science and Technology （No. 2006CB944003）.
文摘Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973899)
文摘AIM: To explore an efficient, practical and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were explored in OIR model procedure. Eyes were removed for different staining methods including: (1) HE staining; (2) immunohistochemistry with Griffonia Simplicifolia Lectin (GSL); (3) Immunofluorescence with FITC labeled CD31 antibody; (4) Two-step immunofluorescence with purified-CD31 antibody; (5) FITC-Dextran perfusion combined with two-step purified-CD31immunofluorescence. Images of the retinal vasculature were analyzed by imaging software. ' RESULTS: GSL immunohistochemistry could clearly demonstrate the deep and superficial capillary beds. FITC labeled CD31 Immunofluorescence was blurring with high fluorescence background which was hard to distinguish retinal neovascularization in some area. Excellent detail of neovascularization and preexistent retinal vessels was provided in two-step Purified-CD31 immunofluorescence group. CONCLUSION: GSL immunohistochemistry can clearly demonstrate neovascularization tufts in deep and superficial capillary beds. Immunofluorescence of specific antigen CD31 on vascular endothelium can selectively label the neovascularization of mouse retina. When combined with computer analysis software, it is an effective and objective quantitative method to evaluate the retinal neovascularization in OIR mouse model.
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China, No. 2004BA 901A 03National Scientific and Sechnical Support Program, No. 2007Z06-017+3 种基金The Cultvation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project & Ministry of Education of China, No. 706050Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No. NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, No. 04JY0290061/07JY029-017Program for Key Disciplines Construction of Sichuan Province No. SZD0418
文摘AIM： To detect Salmonella enteritidis （S. enteritidis） in paraffin slices and antigen location in infected duck tissues. METHODS： The rabbits were immunized with purified bacillus to obtain S. enteritidis-specific antibody, which were then extracted by the caprylic-ammonium sulphate method, purified through High-Q columns. An indirect immuno-fluorescent staining method （IFA） was established to detect the S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin slices. Detected S. enteritidis in each organ tissue of ducklings experimentally infected with S. enteritidis. RESULTS： The gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, brain, ileum, jejunum, bursa of Fabricius from S. enteritidis experimentally infected ducklings were positive or strongly positive, and the S. enteritidis antigen mainly distributed in the infected cell cytoplasm.CONCLUSION： IFA is an intuitionist, sensitive and specific method in detecting S. enteritidis antigen in paraffin wax slices, and it is a good method in diagnosis and antigen location of S. enteritidis. We also conclude that the gland of Garder, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, ileum, jejunum are target organs in S. enteritidis infections of duck, and S. enteritidis is an intracellular parasitic bacterium.
基金Supported by a grant from the Bureau of Health in Shaanxi Province,No.2002 02D24 and grants No.NSFC30440080No.NIDCD R21 DC005846
文摘AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.
基金Supported by the Joint Foundation from Health Commission of Hubei Province(WJ2019H007)
文摘We developed a special methylene blue solution for staining of cervix shedding cells based on catalytic oxidizing chromogenic reaction, which shows a potential for cervical cancer cytology screening. We screened a total of 1 922 women for cervical cancer with the special methylene blue staining method and a conventional Pap smear method using cervix shedding cells. Then, the patients with positive indicators of the Pap smear or this special solution staining method were examined by the electron colposcopy and histopathological examination. Staining of cervical exfoliated cells with this reactive oxygen-based special solution showed that the number of positive cases was 140(7.28%). Among them, 21 cases showed dark green(1.09%), and 119 cases showed purple black(6.19%). The results of the Pap smear method showed that the number of positive cases was 123(6.40%), of which ASCUS was 105(5.46%), ASC-H was 5(0.26%), and LSIL was 9(0.47%), and HSIL was 4(0.21%). For cervical exfoliated cell special staining solution for screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN-Ⅱ, CIN-Ⅲ) and cervical cancer, sensitivity was 83.33%, specificity was 65.52%, accuracy was 74.29%, missed diagnosis rate was 13.33%, positive coincidence rate was 51.43%, and the negative coincidence rate is 86.67%. Our results proved the value of this method for early screening of cervical cancer through clinical practice in China.
文摘In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.
文摘The solution chemical and optical characteristics of formation of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G2.0（NH2-PAMAM G2.0）-Au nanocomposites in the aqueous solution of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 at various mole ratios of Au（Ⅲ） to NH2-PAMAM G2.0 were studied by both UV-visible spectrometry and fluorospectrometry. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites, with a type of structure in which one Au nanoparticle is surrounded by several NH2-PAMAM G2.0 dendrimers, emit strong bluish violet fluorescence, and are uniform, water soluble and biocompatible as well as very stable in frozen conditions. The size of gold nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is about 2.5 nm and decreases with the increase of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 concentration. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0 plays an important role in acting as host or micro-reactor for Au（Ⅲ） before Au（Ⅲ） reduction and acting as dispersant and stabilizer for gold nanoparticles after Au（Ⅲ） reduction. Preliminary experiments of cells staining to human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines show that the NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites can be used as optical imaging markers for bioanalyses and medical diagnoses.
文摘Polygala paniculata L.is a medicinal plant that grows in the Brazilian Atlantic coast,known as‘barba-de-São-João’,‘barba-de-bode’,‘vassourinha branca’,and‘mimosa’.In this study,pollen viability was estimated by three different staining methods:2%acetic orcein,2%acetic carmine,and Alexander’s stain.The young inflorescences of twenty accessions were collected and fixed in a solution of ethanol:acetic acid(3:1)for 24 hours,then stored in ethanol 70%under refrigeration.Six slides per plant,two for each stain,were prepared by squashing,and 300 pollen grains per slide were analyzed.Pollen viability was high(>70%)for most accessions of P.paniculata using the Alexander’s stain,which proved the most adequate method to estimate pollen viability.
基金supported by the National Key Project of S&T Supporting Programs Funded by MOST of China during the 12th Five-year Plan(No.2012BAD23B0104)
文摘We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, carbon and oxygen elements and the ratio of oxygen to carbon decreased. Considering atomic binding,C_1 and C_4 contents increased, while C_2 and C_3 contents decreased, and the ratio of O_2 to O_1 decreased sharply. The relative contents of lignin, cellulose and polysaccharides increased and new substances with low O_2/O_1 ratio occurred. FTIR analysis showed that the absorption peaks of O–H at 3346 cm^(-1), aliphatic C–H at 2921, 2853 and1464 cm^(-1), and C=O at 1723 cm^(-1), were characteristic peaks of fungal melanin intensified, indicating that cane discoloration was primarily caused by fungal melanin. The absorption peaks characterizing cellulose and lignin like polysaccharides at 800 cm^(-1), C–H at 1374 cm^(-1), C–O at1058 and 1038 cm^(-1), phenolic hydroxyl at 1245 cm^(-1),aromatic ether bonds at 1270 cm^(-1), carbon skeleton at1608 cm^(-1) and benzene ring at 1500 cm^(-1) were enhanced since the fungus mainly consumed the extractives in cane cell lumens and the main composition content increased relatively. Regardless of the discoloration caused by natural fungi or inoculated fungi, the discoloring feature and composition changes were identical except that the fungusinoculated cane had more melanin.
文摘DNA-binding fluorochromes are often used for vital staining of plant cell nuclei.However,it is not always sure whether the cells after staining still remain in living state.We chose several criteria to estimate the validity of real vital staining for sexual cell nuclei.These were:the cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes whose nuclei were stained,the simultaneous visualization of fluo-rochromatic reaction and nucleus staining in isolated generative cells,and the capability of isolated,prestained generative or sperm cells to fuse with other protoplasts.The results confirmed that 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI),Hoechst 33258 and mithramycin could be used as real vital stains,though their efficiency varied from case to case;among them DAPI showed best effect.The fluorescent vital staining technique offered a useful means fori-dentification and selection of heterokaryons in gametoplast manipulation studies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41374006 and 41274117)
文摘Seismic migration moves reflections to their true subsurface positions and yields seismic images of subsurface areas. However, due to limited acquisition aperture, complex overburden structure and target dipping angle, the migration often generates a distorted image of the actual subsurface structure. Seismic illumination and resolution analyses provide a quantitative description of how the above-mentioned factors distort the image. The point spread function （PSF） gives the resolution of the depth image and carries full information about the factors affecting the quality of the image. The staining algorithm establishes a correspondence between a certain structure and its relevant wavefield and reflected data. In this paper, we use the staining algorithm to calculate the PSFs, then use these PSFs for extracting the acquisition dip response and correcting the original depth image by deconvolution. We present relevant results of the SEG salt model. The staining algorithm provides an efficient tool for calculating the PSF and for conducting broadband seismic illumination and resolution analyses.
基金Supported by the 2016 Major Collaborative Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-1004)
文摘Objective To evaluate senile plaque formation and compare the sensitivity of three differentβ-amyloid(Aβ)labeling methods(antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining)to detect Aβdeposition.Methods APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice(APP/PS1)of different ages were used to examine spatiotemporal changes in Aβplaque deposition.Antibody staining,Gallyas silver staining,and thioflavin-S staining were used to detect Aβplaque deposition in the same brain region of adjacent slices from model mice,and the results were compared.Results With aging,Aβplaques first appeared in the cortex and then the deposition increased throughout the whole brain.Significantly greater plaque deposition was detected by 6E10 antibody than that analyzed with Gallyas silver staining or thioflavin-S staining(P<0.05).Plaque deposition did not show significant difference between the APP/PS1 mice brains assayed with Gallyas silver staining and ones with thioflavin-S staining(P=0.0033).Conclusions The APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease could mimick the progress of Aβplaques occurred in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Antibody detection of Aβdeposition may be more sensitive than chemical staining methods.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research(No.15K12192)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)The State Scholarship Fund of Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC No.201406010350)provides Mr.Wei Hu the scholarship for his study and stay at the Prefectural University of Kumamoto
文摘Rainwater contains substantial bacteria and rain is an efficient pathway for the dissemination of bacteria from the atmosphere to land and water surfaces.However,quantitative information on rainwater bacteria is very limited due to the lack of a reliable method.In this study,the epifluorescence microscopy enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit stain was verified to quantify the abundance of viable and non-viable bacterial cells in rainwater,with the 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole（DAPI） stain for the reference of total cell counts.Results showed that the total counts of bacterial cells by LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were consistent with those by DAPI staining,and the average detection efficiency was（109 ± 29）%.The ratio of cell count with glutaraldehyde fixation to that without fixation was（106 ± 5）%on average.The bacterial concentration in negative control was usually an order of magnitude lower than that in rainwater samples.However,in case of small precipitation,the abundance in negative control could be more than that in rainwater samples.These results indicate that the enumeration with LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability assay coupled with glutaraldehyde fixation and careful negative control investigation is an approach applicable to the measurement of the concentration and viability of bacterial cells in rainwater.
文摘The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens. The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity than those ofP. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves, each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks, indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.
文摘Introduction: Reports indicate that fluorescent staining of smears increases sensitivity of direct microscopy;so ZN staining is being replaced with fluorescent microscopy in RNTCP in India. Chemical processing and sputum concentration may also improve sensitivity of microscopy. Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for AFB using ZN and fluorescent stains in direct and concentrated specimen with culture as gold standard. Methods: Morning sputum specimen of patients, suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis, over a period of 6 months was subjected to direct microscopy using fluorescent stain;the same slide was over-stained with ZN stain. Same sputum sample was concentrated by Petroff’s method and subjected to fluorescent microscopy followed by ZN microscopy and finally to culture for AFB. Results: Sensitivity of fluorescent stained concentrated sputum samples was maximum and of ZN stained unprocessed sputum samples was minimum. Specificity of three of the methods was equal at 0.96 but of ZN stained concentrated sputum smears was 0.97. Sensitivity of total fluorescent stains was 0.85 (Specificity 0.96) and sensitivity of total ZN stained smears was 0.80 (Specificity 0.96). Discussion: We used same smear for fluorescent and ZN stains, so smear related variability is decreased. Blinding for microscopy was practically complete. Conclusion: The sensitivity of sputum microscopy for AFB can be increased by concentrating the sputum and using fluorescent microscopy. The specificity remains high in all the methods.
文摘In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter xianfangensis and Bacillus subtillis was inoculated in an extended aeration type bio-reactor. The treatment units were operated during three consecutive cycles during a period of 147 h. After the last operating cycle, the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Color Units, Total suspended solids, and the pH value were 1695 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 106 CU, 5), 1367 (CU), 566 mg/L (TSS) and 7.0 (pH) respectively. The reduction of pollutants load was related with the ratio of the two types of wastewater (3.5:0.5) combined to increase biodegradability, the concentration of fungi and bacteria used in the consortia (30 × 103 - 55 × 106 CUF/mL Total Fungi and 70 × 107 - 83 × 108 CFU/mL of Total Bacteria) and ligninolytic enzymes production, Laccase (13 - 96 U/L), MnP (9.8 - 39 U/L) and LiP (0.3 - 5.3 U/L). The post-treated effluent was used as irrigation water. Lolium perenne plants were watered during 60 days with post-treated effluent. The results of root weight showed that there are significant differences between the initial water and the effluent obtained after the operational cycles (p = 0.00470). The highest root weights (1 - 1.12 g) were found in plants irrigated with water obtained from the last treatment cycle.
基金Supported by Education Department Funding of Sichuan Province,China(No.2005B020)
文摘AIM:To explore the value of Prussian blue staining in the diagnosis of ocular siderosis.METHODS:Between January 2012 and January 2013,the Prussian blue stain used in anterior lens capsule and vitreous liquid after centrifugation from patients with definitive diagnosis and suspicious diagnosed of ocular siderosis. At the same time, give a negative control.RESULTS:Anterior lens capsule membrane and liquid of vitreous cavity from patients with definitive diagnosis and suspicious diagnosed of ocular siderosis revealed ferric ions that stained positively with Prussian blue. In the control group, there is no positive reaction.CONCLUSION:Prussian blue staining in the diagnosis of ocular siderosis has a very significant worth,suspected cases can be definitive diagnosed.
