Agriculture is an important foundation of China’s socio-economic development. To secure the sound development of modern agriculture in the 21st century, the supply of fertilizers such as potassium is a key factor. Ow...Agriculture is an important foundation of China’s socio-economic development. To secure the sound development of modern agriculture in the 21st century, the supply of fertilizers such as potassium is a key factor. Owing to the limited arable land in China, a vital measure to feed the country’s increasing population is the augmentation of fertilizers so as to gain higher per unit area grain yields. At present, for a fairly long time to come, additional fertilizer resources will mainly come from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. But there is a severe application disproportion between nitroge-展开更多
Controlled-release/stable nitrogen(N)fertilizers can improve vegetable yields and achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions,resulting in cost-effective and environmentally friendly vegetable production.However,there has ...Controlled-release/stable nitrogen(N)fertilizers can improve vegetable yields and achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions,resulting in cost-effective and environmentally friendly vegetable production.However,there has been limited research on the controlled-release/stable N fertilization in long-term fixed-position vegetable rotation fields.In this study,a five-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing lettuce yield.Six distinct treatments were employed for N fertilization:the control without N fertilizer(CK),normal local farming practices with application of urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha^(-1)(T1),optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)(T2),optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha^(-1)3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)as N inhibitor(T3),application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)(T4),and application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha^(-1)DMPP(T5).The results showed that the T3,T4,and T5 treatments using controlled-release/stable N fertilization emitted about 12.2%-56.7%less average annual cumulative nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and 1.31%-10.0%less carbon dioxide(CO_(2))than the T2 treatment.Nitrous oxide and CO_(2)emissions from the T4 and T5 treatments were considerably lower than those from the T3 treatment.No significant seasonal or interannual variability was observed in N_(2)O and CO_(2)emissions.The observed phenomena were attributed to the fluctuations in soil ammonium-and nitrate-N contents.The findings in this study revealed that long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization resulted in reduced field N loss,benefitting vegetable yields without increasing CO_(2)emissions and highlighting the application potential of this technique for sustainable agricultural production.展开更多
Northeast China hosts one of the world’s four major black soil regions,accounting for approximately 36 million hectares of cultivated land.Producing one-quarter of China’s total grain output and one-third of its com...Northeast China hosts one of the world’s four major black soil regions,accounting for approximately 36 million hectares of cultivated land.Producing one-quarter of China’s total grain output and one-third of its commercial grain transfers,this region serves as a vital cornerstone for national food security.However,unsustainable land use and climate change have driven severe soil degradation,manifesting as thinning topsoil,declining organic matter,and increased bulk density-collectively threatening sustainable production.To address these challenges,we conducted a five-year intensive study,and proposed an innovative degradation control theory centered on“enhancing inherent stable soil fertility”.A targeted technological system was developed,with emphasis on the incorporation of multi-source organic materials and optimized tillage practices,to overcome key technical barriers to soil restoration under intensive farming.Furthermore,in light of regional variations in environmental conditions and soil constraints,locally adapted models for black soil conservation-such as the“Longjiang Model”,“Lishu Model 2.0”,and“Da’an Model”,have been established.In core demonstration areas,these approaches achieved notable outcomes:Soil organic matter increased by 13%-17%,soil erosion intensity decreased by more than 80%,and crop yields improved by 5.4%-14.2%.This study provides robust scientific support for national strategies aimed at conserving and sustainably utilizing black soil resources.展开更多
文摘Agriculture is an important foundation of China’s socio-economic development. To secure the sound development of modern agriculture in the 21st century, the supply of fertilizers such as potassium is a key factor. Owing to the limited arable land in China, a vital measure to feed the country’s increasing population is the augmentation of fertilizers so as to gain higher per unit area grain yields. At present, for a fairly long time to come, additional fertilizer resources will mainly come from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. But there is a severe application disproportion between nitroge-
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Nos.ZR2022MD118 and ZR2022MD050)the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Construction Project,China(No.20230207)+3 种基金the Humanities and Social Science Foundation Project of Ministry of Education,China(No.22YJCZH166)the Technical System of Ecological Agriculture of Modern Agricultural Technology System in Shandong Province,China(No.SDAIT-30-02)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD1701901)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of China(No.1610132023006).
文摘Controlled-release/stable nitrogen(N)fertilizers can improve vegetable yields and achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions,resulting in cost-effective and environmentally friendly vegetable production.However,there has been limited research on the controlled-release/stable N fertilization in long-term fixed-position vegetable rotation fields.In this study,a five-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing lettuce yield.Six distinct treatments were employed for N fertilization:the control without N fertilizer(CK),normal local farming practices with application of urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha^(-1)(T1),optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)(T2),optimized application of urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha^(-1)3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)as N inhibitor(T3),application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)(T4),and application of polyurethane-coated urea at 320 kg N ha^(-1)with supplementation of 1.0 kg ha^(-1)DMPP(T5).The results showed that the T3,T4,and T5 treatments using controlled-release/stable N fertilization emitted about 12.2%-56.7%less average annual cumulative nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and 1.31%-10.0%less carbon dioxide(CO_(2))than the T2 treatment.Nitrous oxide and CO_(2)emissions from the T4 and T5 treatments were considerably lower than those from the T3 treatment.No significant seasonal or interannual variability was observed in N_(2)O and CO_(2)emissions.The observed phenomena were attributed to the fluctuations in soil ammonium-and nitrate-N contents.The findings in this study revealed that long-term controlled-release/stable N fertilization resulted in reduced field N loss,benefitting vegetable yields without increasing CO_(2)emissions and highlighting the application potential of this technique for sustainable agricultural production.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28000000).
文摘Northeast China hosts one of the world’s four major black soil regions,accounting for approximately 36 million hectares of cultivated land.Producing one-quarter of China’s total grain output and one-third of its commercial grain transfers,this region serves as a vital cornerstone for national food security.However,unsustainable land use and climate change have driven severe soil degradation,manifesting as thinning topsoil,declining organic matter,and increased bulk density-collectively threatening sustainable production.To address these challenges,we conducted a five-year intensive study,and proposed an innovative degradation control theory centered on“enhancing inherent stable soil fertility”.A targeted technological system was developed,with emphasis on the incorporation of multi-source organic materials and optimized tillage practices,to overcome key technical barriers to soil restoration under intensive farming.Furthermore,in light of regional variations in environmental conditions and soil constraints,locally adapted models for black soil conservation-such as the“Longjiang Model”,“Lishu Model 2.0”,and“Da’an Model”,have been established.In core demonstration areas,these approaches achieved notable outcomes:Soil organic matter increased by 13%-17%,soil erosion intensity decreased by more than 80%,and crop yields improved by 5.4%-14.2%.This study provides robust scientific support for national strategies aimed at conserving and sustainably utilizing black soil resources.
