Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomed...Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.展开更多
Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany...Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany change on the horizon.In the course of reforms over the past five years,con-stitutional system,presidency and the multi-party system have all been in place.During the presidential election campaign,not a single party opposed the currentpolitical system.Therefore,no matter which party comes to power,there展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82003956]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2022YFA1205802]+2 种基金financially supported by Henan Province Health Science and Technology Innovation Youth Talent Project(YQRC2023013 and YQRC2024013)the Key Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province(SBGJ202302072)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(252102311236).
文摘Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.
文摘Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany change on the horizon.In the course of reforms over the past five years,con-stitutional system,presidency and the multi-party system have all been in place.During the presidential election campaign,not a single party opposed the currentpolitical system.Therefore,no matter which party comes to power,there
