Email communication plays a crucial role in both personal and professional contexts;however,it is frequently compromised by the ongoing challenge of spam,which detracts from productivity and introduces considerable se...Email communication plays a crucial role in both personal and professional contexts;however,it is frequently compromised by the ongoing challenge of spam,which detracts from productivity and introduces considerable security risks.Current spam detection techniques often struggle to keep pace with the evolving tactics employed by spammers,resulting in user dissatisfaction and potential data breaches.To address this issue,we introduce the Divide and Conquer-Generative Adversarial Network Squeeze and Excitation-Based Framework(DaC-GANSAEBF),an innovative deep-learning model designed to identify spam emails.This framework incorporates cutting-edge technologies,such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN),Squeeze and Excitation(SAE)modules,and a newly formulated Light Dual Attention(LDA)mechanism,which effectively utilizes both global and local attention to discern intricate patterns within textual data.This approach significantly improves efficiency and accuracy by segmenting scanned email content into smaller,independently evaluated components.The model underwent training and validation using four publicly available benchmark datasets,achieving an impressive average accuracy of 98.87%,outperforming leading methods in the field.These findings underscore the resilience and scalability of DaC-GANSAEBF,positioning it as a viable solution for contemporary spam detection systems.The framework can be easily integrated into existing technologies to enhance user security and reduce the risks associated with spam.展开更多
The influence of the squeeze film between the tube and the support structure on flow-induced vibrations is a critical factor in tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow.This aspect can significantly alter the th...The influence of the squeeze film between the tube and the support structure on flow-induced vibrations is a critical factor in tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow.This aspect can significantly alter the threshold for fluidelastic instability and affect heat transfer efficiency.This paper presents a mathematical model incorporating the squeeze film force between the tube and the support structure.We aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying fluidelastic instability in tube bundle systems exposed to two-phase flow.Using a self-developed computer program,we performed numerical calculations to examine the influence of the squeeze film on the threshold of fluidelastic instability in the tube bundle system.Furthermore,we analyzed how the thickness and length of the squeeze film affect both the underlying mechanisms and the critical velocity of fluidelastic instability.展开更多
Physical layer authentication(PLA)in the context of the Internet of Things(IoT)has gained significant attention.Compared with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies,PLA provides a more computationally effi...Physical layer authentication(PLA)in the context of the Internet of Things(IoT)has gained significant attention.Compared with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies,PLA provides a more computationally efficient alternative to exploiting the properties of the wireless medium itself.Some existing PLA solutions rely on static mechanisms,which are insufficient to address the authentication challenges in fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless networks.Additionally,with the massive increase in mobile device access,the communication security of the IoT is vulnerable to spoofing attacks.To overcome the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight deep convolutional neural network(CNN)equipped with squeeze and excitation module(SE module)in dynamic wireless environments,namely SE-ConvNet.To be more specific,a convolution factorization is developed to reduce the complexity of PLA models based on deep learning.Moreover,an SE module is designed in the deep CNN to enhance useful features andmaximize authentication accuracy.Compared with the existing solutions,the proposed SE-ConvNet enabled PLA scheme performs excellently in mobile and time-varying wireless environments while maintaining lower computational complexity.展开更多
Traditional desorption methods in porous sorbents rely heavily on energy-intensive processes such as heating,vacuum pumping,or inert gas purging[1].While effective,these approaches incur substantial energy and operati...Traditional desorption methods in porous sorbents rely heavily on energy-intensive processes such as heating,vacuum pumping,or inert gas purging[1].While effective,these approaches incur substantial energy and operational costs,particularly for hydrocarbons with high boiling points or strong host-vip interactions[2].This is the same case in the newly-developed macrocyclebased crystalline adsorbents,namely nonporous adaptive crystals(NACs).To address these challenges,a recent study published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition by Jie,Ma,and co-workers reported an innovative molecular-"squeeze"triggered desorption mechanism in NACs[3-5].Specifically,ethyl acetate(EA)triggers vip desorption without penetrating the crystal pores or voids.Instead,EA molecules interact with the crystal surface through supramolecular forces,causing the adaptive closure of voids and the subsequent release of vip molecules.Unlike conventional sponges that rely on mechanical squeeze to deform themselves in the bulk for vip release,these macrocycle crystals undergo structural deformation at the molecular level and condensed phase when exposed to vaporized molecules.Because of the similar behavior between sponges and such NACs,the authors name them as sponge-likemacrocyclecrystals.展开更多
Squeezed reservoir engineering is a powerful technique in quantum information that combines the features of squeezing and reservoir engineering to create and stabilize non-classical quantum states. In this paper, we f...Squeezed reservoir engineering is a powerful technique in quantum information that combines the features of squeezing and reservoir engineering to create and stabilize non-classical quantum states. In this paper, we focus on the previously neglected aspect of the impact of the squeezing phase on the precision of quantum phase and amplitude estimation based on a simple model of a two-level system(TLS) interacting with a squeezed reservoir. We derive the optimal squeezed phase-matching conditions for phase φ and amplitude θ parameters, which are crucial for enhancing the precision of quantum parameter estimation. The robustness of the squeezing-enhanced quantum Fisher information against departures from these conditions is examined, demonstrating that minor deviations from phase-matching can still result in remarkable precision of estimation. Additionally, we provide a geometric interpretation of the squeezed phase-matching conditions from the classical motion of a TLS on the Bloch sphere. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the operational requirements for employing squeezed reservoir engineering to advance quantum parameter estimation.展开更多
Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three...Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.展开更多
An orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the influence of technical parameters of squeeze casting on the strength and ductility of AISigCu3 alloys. The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure...An orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the influence of technical parameters of squeeze casting on the strength and ductility of AISigCu3 alloys. The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure was higher than 65 MPa, the strength （ab） of A1Si9Cu3 alloys decreased with the forming pressure and pouring temperature increasing, whereas ab increased with the increase of filling velocity and mould preheating temperature. The ductility （6） by alloy was improved by increasing the forming pressure and filling velocity, but decreased with pouring temperature increasing. When the mould preheating temperature increased, the ductility increased first, and then decreased. Under the optimized parameters of pouring temperature 730 ℃, forming pressure 75 MPa, filling velocity 0.50 m/s, and mould preheating temperature 220 ℃, the tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of A1Si9Cu3 alloys obtained in squeeze casting were improved by 16.7%, 9.1%, and 10.1%, respectively, as compared with those of sand castings.展开更多
The Mg-Zn-Y quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91 D magnesium matrix composites were prepared by squeeze casting process. The effects of applied pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were inves...The Mg-Zn-Y quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91 D magnesium matrix composites were prepared by squeeze casting process. The effects of applied pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that squeeze casting process is an effective method to refine the grain. The composites are mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Mg17Al12 and Mg3Zn6Y icosahedral quasicrystal phase（I-phase）. With the increase of applied pressure, the contents of β-Mg17Al12 phase and Mg3Zn6 Y quasicrystal particles increase, further matrix grain refinement occurs and coarse dendritic α-Mg transforms into equiaxed grain structure. The composite exhibits the maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 194.3 MPa and 9.2% respectively when the applied pressure is 100 MPa, and a lot of dimples appear on the tensile fractography. Strengthening mechanisms of quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91 D magnesium matrix composites are chiefly fine-grain strengthening and quasicrystal particles strengthening.展开更多
Gravity die casting(GC) and squeeze casting(SC) T4-treated Al-7.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.1Cu alloys were employed to investigate the microstructures,mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior.The results show that m...Gravity die casting(GC) and squeeze casting(SC) T4-treated Al-7.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.1Cu alloys were employed to investigate the microstructures,mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior.The results show that mechanical properties of SC specimens are significantly better than those of GC specimens due to less cast defects and smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS).Excellent fatigue properties are obtained for the SC alloy compared with the GC alloy.GC and SC alloys both exhibit cyclic stabilization at low total strain amplitudes(less than 0.4%) and cyclic hardening at higher total strain amplitudes.The degree of cyclic hardening of SC samples is greater than that of GC samples.Fatigue cracks of GC samples dominantly initiate from shrinkage porosities and are easy to propagate along them,while the crack initiation sites for SC samples are slip bands,eutectic phases and inclusions at or near the free surface.展开更多
Semi-solid squeeze casting（SSSC） and liquid squeeze casting（LSC） processes were used to fabricate a ZL104 connecting rod, and the influences of the process parameters on the microstructures and mechanical properti...Semi-solid squeeze casting（SSSC） and liquid squeeze casting（LSC） processes were used to fabricate a ZL104 connecting rod, and the influences of the process parameters on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of the SSSC-fabricated rod were improved by 22% and 17%, respectively, compared with those of the LSC-fabricated rod. For SSSC, the average particle size（APS） and the shape factor（SF） increased with the increase of re-melting temperature（Tr）, whereas the tensile strength and elongation increased first and then decreased. The APS increased with increasing the mold temperature（Tm）, whereas the SF increased initially and then decreased, which caused the tensile strength and elongation to increase initially and then decrease. The APS decreased and the SF increased as squeezing pressure（ps） increased, and the mechanical properties were enhanced. Moreover, the optimal Tr, ps and Tm are 848 K, 100 MPa and 523 K, respectively.展开更多
The squeeze cast process parameters of AZ80 magnesium alloy were optimized by morphological matrix. Experiments were conducted by varying squeeze pressure, die pre-heat temperature and pressure duration using L9（33）...The squeeze cast process parameters of AZ80 magnesium alloy were optimized by morphological matrix. Experiments were conducted by varying squeeze pressure, die pre-heat temperature and pressure duration using L9（33） orthogonal array of Taguchi method. In Taguchi method, a 3-level orthogonal array was used to determine the signal/noise ratio. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most significant process parameters affecting the mechanical properties. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the components were ascertained using multi variable linear regression analysis. Optimal squeeze cast process parameters were obtained.展开更多
A swash plate for air conditioning compressor of cars was formed by rheo-squeeze casting with semi-solid Al-Si alloy slurry prepared by ultrasonic vibration process, and the microstructure of this alloy was investigat...A swash plate for air conditioning compressor of cars was formed by rheo-squeeze casting with semi-solid Al-Si alloy slurry prepared by ultrasonic vibration process, and the microstructure of this alloy was investigated. Besides the microstructures of primary Si particles and α(Al)+β-Si eutectic phases, non-equilibrium α(Al) particles or dendrites are discovered in the microstructure of the Al-20Si-2Cu-0.4Mg-1Ni alloy. Rapid cooling generated by squeeze casting process rather than the pressure is considered as the main reason for the formation of non-equilibrium α(Al) phase. The sound pressurizing effect of ultrasonic vibration also enables the non-equilibrium α(Al) phases to form above eutectic temperature and grow into non-dendritic spheroids in the process of semi-solid slurry preparation. Non-equilibrium α(Al) phases formed in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with ultrasonic vibration treatment, consist of round α(Al) grains formed above the eutectic temperature and a small amount of fine α(Al) dendrites formed under the eutectic temperature. The volume fraction of primary Si particles is decreased significantly by the effect of ultrasonic vibration through increasing the solid solubility of Si atoms in α(Al) matrix and decreasing the forming temperature range of primary Si particles. The average particle diameter and the volume fraction of primary Si particles in microstructure of the swash-plate by rheo-squeeze casting are 24.3 μm and 11.1%, respectively.展开更多
A differential equation that is generally effective for squeeze film air damping of perforated plate and non perforated plate as well as in MEMS devices is developed.For perforated plate,the thickness and the dimens...A differential equation that is generally effective for squeeze film air damping of perforated plate and non perforated plate as well as in MEMS devices is developed.For perforated plate,the thickness and the dimensions of the plate are not limited.With boundary conditions,pressure distribution and the damping force on the plate can be found by solving the differential equation.Analytical expressions for damping pressure and damping force of a long strip holeplate are presented with a finite thickness and a finite width.To the extreme conditions of very thin plate and very thin hole,the results are reduced to the corresponding results of the conventional Reynolds' equation.Thus, the effectiveness of the generalized differential equation is justified.Therefore,the generalized Reynolds' equation will be a useful tool of design for damping structures in MEMS.展开更多
A novel process that combines squeeze casting with partial remelting to obtain AZ61 magnesium alloy with semi-solid microstructures was proposed. In this route, the squeeze casting was used to predeform the magnesium ...A novel process that combines squeeze casting with partial remelting to obtain AZ61 magnesium alloy with semi-solid microstructures was proposed. In this route, the squeeze casting was used to predeform the magnesium alloy billets to obtain small dendritic structures. During subsequent partial remelting, small dendritic structures transform into globular grains surrounded by liquid films. The results show that the squeeze casting AZ61 alloy after partial remelting produces more ideal, finer semi-solid microstructure compared with as-cast AZ61 alloy treated by the same isothermal holding conditions. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ61 alloy prepared by squeeze casting plus partial remelting are better than those of the thixoformed alloy prepared by conventional casting plus partial remelting.展开更多
The phenomenon that a clock at a higher gravitational potential ticks faster than one at a lower potential,also known as gravitational redshift,is one of the classical tests of Einstein’s theory of general relativity...The phenomenon that a clock at a higher gravitational potential ticks faster than one at a lower potential,also known as gravitational redshift,is one of the classical tests of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.Owing to their ultra-high accuracy and stability,state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks have enabled resolving the gravitational redshift with a millimeter-scale height difference.Further reducing the vertical inter-clock separation down to the sub-millimeter level and especially shortening the required measurement time may be achieved by employing spin squeezing.Here,we theoretically investigate the spin-squeezing-enhanced differential frequency comparison between two optical clocks within a lattice-trapped cloud of^(171)Yb atoms.The numerical results illustrate that for a sample of 10^(4)atoms,the atomic-collision-limited resolution of the vertical separation between two clocks can reach 0.48 mm,corresponding to a fractional gravitational redshift at the 10^(-20)level.In addition,the required averaging time may be reduced to less than one hundredth of that of conventional clocks with independent atoms.Our work opens a door to the future spin-squeezing-enhanced test of general relativity.展开更多
We investigate how an optical squeezed chaotic field（SCF） evolves in an amplitude dissipation channel. We have used the integration within ordered product of operators technique to derive its evolution law. We also ...We investigate how an optical squeezed chaotic field（SCF） evolves in an amplitude dissipation channel. We have used the integration within ordered product of operators technique to derive its evolution law. We also show that the density operator of SCF can be viewed as a generating field of the squeezed number state.展开更多
The mechanistic understanding of the reactions that govern the inhibitor retention and release,modeling,and the state-ofthe-art innovation in squeeze treatment are reviewed.The retention and release are governed by(1)...The mechanistic understanding of the reactions that govern the inhibitor retention and release,modeling,and the state-ofthe-art innovation in squeeze treatment are reviewed.The retention and release are governed by(1)the amount of calcite that can dissolve prior to inhibitor-induced surface poisoning;(2)calcite surface poisoning after^20 molecular layers of surface coverage by the adsorbed inhibitors to retard further calcite dissolution;(3)less base,CO3^2-,is released into the aqueous solution;(4)formation of the more acidic inhibitor precipitates;(5)phase transformation and maturation of the more acidic inhibitor precipitates;and(6)dissolution of the less soluble crystalline inhibitor precipitates.The trend to advance squeeze technologies is through(1)enhancing scale inhibitor retention,(2)optimizing the delivery of scale inhibitors to the target zone,and(3)improving monitoring methods.Lastly,a prototype yardstick for measuring the squeeze performance is used to compare the squeeze life of 17 actual squeeze treatments.Even though the various squeeze treatments appear to be different.all published squeeze durations can be rated based on the normalized squeeze life per unit mass of inhibitors.展开更多
Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu alloy ingots were prepared by squeeze casting under different specific pressures,and the fresh ingot with best mechanical properties was solid hot extruded.With the increase of the specific pressure...Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu alloy ingots were prepared by squeeze casting under different specific pressures,and the fresh ingot with best mechanical properties was solid hot extruded.With the increase of the specific pressure from 0 to 250 MPa,the dendrites became round and small.Because the applied pressure increased the solid solubility of alloying elements,the number of MgZn2 phases decreased.When the specific pressure increased from 250 MPa to 350 MPa,the grain size increased.After solid hot extrusion,the a（Al） grains were refined obviously and the MgZn2 phases were uniformly dispersed in the microstructure.After solid hot extrusion,the ultimate tensile strength was 605.67 MPa and the elongation was 8.1%,which were improved about 32.22%and15.71%,respectively,compared with those of the metal mold casting alloy.The fracture modes of the billet prepared by the metal mold casting and by squeeze casting were intergranular and quasi-cleavage fractures,respectively,whereas,that of the solid hot extrusion was mainly dimple fracture.The refined crystalline strengthening was the main reason to improve the strength and elongation of alloy.展开更多
Compared to traditional high-pressure die casting(HPDC),horizontal squeeze casting(HSC)is a more promising way to fabricate high-integrity castings,owing to a reduced number of gas and shrinkage porosities produced in...Compared to traditional high-pressure die casting(HPDC),horizontal squeeze casting(HSC)is a more promising way to fabricate high-integrity castings,owing to a reduced number of gas and shrinkage porosities produced in the casting.In this paper,the differences between HSC and HPDC are assessed,through which it is shown that the cavity filling velocity and the size of the gating system to be the most notable differences.Equipment development and related applications are also reviewed.Furthermore,numerical simulation is used to analyze the three fundamental characteristics of HSC:slow cavity filling,squeeze feeding and slow sleeve filling.From this,a selection principle is given based on the three related critical casting parameters:cavity filling velocity,gate size and sleeve filling velocity.Finally,two specific applications of HSC are introduced,and the future direction of HSC development is discussed.展开更多
Recently, the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been demonstrated that in particular case, the Hamiltonian of the corresponding field can be expressed by Caldi...Recently, the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been demonstrated that in particular case, the Hamiltonian of the corresponding field can be expressed by Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above-mentioned quantized field, the time-and conductivity-dependent squeezed vacuum and one-photon squeezed states as well as their superpositions, and also the time-and conductivity-dependent excited even and odd coherent states are produced. Also,using a few well-known nonclassicality criteria, the time evolution of nonclassicality features of the above classes of obtained states, in addition to the influence of medium conductivity on them are demonstrated, numerically. It has been shown that the nonclassicality indicators may be adjusted by tuning the conductivity of media.展开更多
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.(GPIP:71-829-2024).
文摘Email communication plays a crucial role in both personal and professional contexts;however,it is frequently compromised by the ongoing challenge of spam,which detracts from productivity and introduces considerable security risks.Current spam detection techniques often struggle to keep pace with the evolving tactics employed by spammers,resulting in user dissatisfaction and potential data breaches.To address this issue,we introduce the Divide and Conquer-Generative Adversarial Network Squeeze and Excitation-Based Framework(DaC-GANSAEBF),an innovative deep-learning model designed to identify spam emails.This framework incorporates cutting-edge technologies,such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN),Squeeze and Excitation(SAE)modules,and a newly formulated Light Dual Attention(LDA)mechanism,which effectively utilizes both global and local attention to discern intricate patterns within textual data.This approach significantly improves efficiency and accuracy by segmenting scanned email content into smaller,independently evaluated components.The model underwent training and validation using four publicly available benchmark datasets,achieving an impressive average accuracy of 98.87%,outperforming leading methods in the field.These findings underscore the resilience and scalability of DaC-GANSAEBF,positioning it as a viable solution for contemporary spam detection systems.The framework can be easily integrated into existing technologies to enhance user security and reduce the risks associated with spam.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072336).
文摘The influence of the squeeze film between the tube and the support structure on flow-induced vibrations is a critical factor in tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow.This aspect can significantly alter the threshold for fluidelastic instability and affect heat transfer efficiency.This paper presents a mathematical model incorporating the squeeze film force between the tube and the support structure.We aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying fluidelastic instability in tube bundle systems exposed to two-phase flow.Using a self-developed computer program,we performed numerical calculations to examine the influence of the squeeze film on the threshold of fluidelastic instability in the tube bundle system.Furthermore,we analyzed how the thickness and length of the squeeze film affect both the underlying mechanisms and the critical velocity of fluidelastic instability.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant no.2022YFB2703000in part by the Young Backbone Teachers Support Plan of BISTU under grant no.YBT202437+1 种基金in part by the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission under grant no.KM202211232012in part by the Educational Innovation Program of BISTU under grant no.2025JGYB19。
文摘Physical layer authentication(PLA)in the context of the Internet of Things(IoT)has gained significant attention.Compared with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies,PLA provides a more computationally efficient alternative to exploiting the properties of the wireless medium itself.Some existing PLA solutions rely on static mechanisms,which are insufficient to address the authentication challenges in fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless networks.Additionally,with the massive increase in mobile device access,the communication security of the IoT is vulnerable to spoofing attacks.To overcome the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight deep convolutional neural network(CNN)equipped with squeeze and excitation module(SE module)in dynamic wireless environments,namely SE-ConvNet.To be more specific,a convolution factorization is developed to reduce the complexity of PLA models based on deep learning.Moreover,an SE module is designed in the deep CNN to enhance useful features andmaximize authentication accuracy.Compared with the existing solutions,the proposed SE-ConvNet enabled PLA scheme performs excellently in mobile and time-varying wireless environments while maintaining lower computational complexity.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240679)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101134)are greatly acknowledged。
文摘Traditional desorption methods in porous sorbents rely heavily on energy-intensive processes such as heating,vacuum pumping,or inert gas purging[1].While effective,these approaches incur substantial energy and operational costs,particularly for hydrocarbons with high boiling points or strong host-vip interactions[2].This is the same case in the newly-developed macrocyclebased crystalline adsorbents,namely nonporous adaptive crystals(NACs).To address these challenges,a recent study published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition by Jie,Ma,and co-workers reported an innovative molecular-"squeeze"triggered desorption mechanism in NACs[3-5].Specifically,ethyl acetate(EA)triggers vip desorption without penetrating the crystal pores or voids.Instead,EA molecules interact with the crystal surface through supramolecular forces,causing the adaptive closure of voids and the subsequent release of vip molecules.Unlike conventional sponges that rely on mechanical squeeze to deform themselves in the bulk for vip release,these macrocycle crystals undergo structural deformation at the molecular level and condensed phase when exposed to vaporized molecules.Because of the similar behavior between sponges and such NACs,the authors name them as sponge-likemacrocyclecrystals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12265004)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 20242BAB26010)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12365003)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 20212ACB211004 and 20212BAB201014)。
文摘Squeezed reservoir engineering is a powerful technique in quantum information that combines the features of squeezing and reservoir engineering to create and stabilize non-classical quantum states. In this paper, we focus on the previously neglected aspect of the impact of the squeezing phase on the precision of quantum phase and amplitude estimation based on a simple model of a two-level system(TLS) interacting with a squeezed reservoir. We derive the optimal squeezed phase-matching conditions for phase φ and amplitude θ parameters, which are crucial for enhancing the precision of quantum parameter estimation. The robustness of the squeezing-enhanced quantum Fisher information against departures from these conditions is examined, demonstrating that minor deviations from phase-matching can still result in remarkable precision of estimation. Additionally, we provide a geometric interpretation of the squeezed phase-matching conditions from the classical motion of a TLS on the Bloch sphere. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the operational requirements for employing squeezed reservoir engineering to advance quantum parameter estimation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grant No.12274019the NSAF grant in NSFC with Grant No.U2230402。
文摘Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.
基金Project(11C26211304055) supported by Small to Medium Enterprise Innovation Fund
文摘An orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the influence of technical parameters of squeeze casting on the strength and ductility of AISigCu3 alloys. The experimental results showed that when the forming pressure was higher than 65 MPa, the strength （ab） of A1Si9Cu3 alloys decreased with the forming pressure and pouring temperature increasing, whereas ab increased with the increase of filling velocity and mould preheating temperature. The ductility （6） by alloy was improved by increasing the forming pressure and filling velocity, but decreased with pouring temperature increasing. When the mould preheating temperature increased, the ductility increased first, and then decreased. Under the optimized parameters of pouring temperature 730 ℃, forming pressure 75 MPa, filling velocity 0.50 m/s, and mould preheating temperature 220 ℃, the tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of A1Si9Cu3 alloys obtained in squeeze casting were improved by 16.7%, 9.1%, and 10.1%, respectively, as compared with those of sand castings.
基金Projects(5120414751274175)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Projects(2011DFA505202014DFA50320)supported by the International Cooperation Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaProject(20123088)supported by the Foundation for Graduate Students of Shanxi ProvinceChina
文摘The Mg-Zn-Y quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91 D magnesium matrix composites were prepared by squeeze casting process. The effects of applied pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that squeeze casting process is an effective method to refine the grain. The composites are mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Mg17Al12 and Mg3Zn6Y icosahedral quasicrystal phase（I-phase）. With the increase of applied pressure, the contents of β-Mg17Al12 phase and Mg3Zn6 Y quasicrystal particles increase, further matrix grain refinement occurs and coarse dendritic α-Mg transforms into equiaxed grain structure. The composite exhibits the maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 194.3 MPa and 9.2% respectively when the applied pressure is 100 MPa, and a lot of dimples appear on the tensile fractography. Strengthening mechanisms of quasicrystal-reinforced AZ91 D magnesium matrix composites are chiefly fine-grain strengthening and quasicrystal particles strengthening.
基金Project(2015A030312003)supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation for Research Team,ChinaProject(51374110)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Gravity die casting(GC) and squeeze casting(SC) T4-treated Al-7.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.1Cu alloys were employed to investigate the microstructures,mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior.The results show that mechanical properties of SC specimens are significantly better than those of GC specimens due to less cast defects and smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS).Excellent fatigue properties are obtained for the SC alloy compared with the GC alloy.GC and SC alloys both exhibit cyclic stabilization at low total strain amplitudes(less than 0.4%) and cyclic hardening at higher total strain amplitudes.The degree of cyclic hardening of SC samples is greater than that of GC samples.Fatigue cracks of GC samples dominantly initiate from shrinkage porosities and are easy to propagate along them,while the crack initiation sites for SC samples are slip bands,eutectic phases and inclusions at or near the free surface.
基金Project(51335009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014JQ7273)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of ChinaProject(CXY1514(1))supported by the Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Projects,China
文摘Semi-solid squeeze casting（SSSC） and liquid squeeze casting（LSC） processes were used to fabricate a ZL104 connecting rod, and the influences of the process parameters on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of the SSSC-fabricated rod were improved by 22% and 17%, respectively, compared with those of the LSC-fabricated rod. For SSSC, the average particle size（APS） and the shape factor（SF） increased with the increase of re-melting temperature（Tr）, whereas the tensile strength and elongation increased first and then decreased. The APS increased with increasing the mold temperature（Tm）, whereas the SF increased initially and then decreased, which caused the tensile strength and elongation to increase initially and then decrease. The APS decreased and the SF increased as squeezing pressure（ps） increased, and the mechanical properties were enhanced. Moreover, the optimal Tr, ps and Tm are 848 K, 100 MPa and 523 K, respectively.
基金Project (50975263) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2011DFA50520) supported by International Science Technology Cooperation Program of China
文摘The squeeze cast process parameters of AZ80 magnesium alloy were optimized by morphological matrix. Experiments were conducted by varying squeeze pressure, die pre-heat temperature and pressure duration using L9（33） orthogonal array of Taguchi method. In Taguchi method, a 3-level orthogonal array was used to determine the signal/noise ratio. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most significant process parameters affecting the mechanical properties. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the components were ascertained using multi variable linear regression analysis. Optimal squeeze cast process parameters were obtained.
基金Project (2009ZX04013-033) supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of ChinaProject (50775086) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A swash plate for air conditioning compressor of cars was formed by rheo-squeeze casting with semi-solid Al-Si alloy slurry prepared by ultrasonic vibration process, and the microstructure of this alloy was investigated. Besides the microstructures of primary Si particles and α(Al)+β-Si eutectic phases, non-equilibrium α(Al) particles or dendrites are discovered in the microstructure of the Al-20Si-2Cu-0.4Mg-1Ni alloy. Rapid cooling generated by squeeze casting process rather than the pressure is considered as the main reason for the formation of non-equilibrium α(Al) phase. The sound pressurizing effect of ultrasonic vibration also enables the non-equilibrium α(Al) phases to form above eutectic temperature and grow into non-dendritic spheroids in the process of semi-solid slurry preparation. Non-equilibrium α(Al) phases formed in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with ultrasonic vibration treatment, consist of round α(Al) grains formed above the eutectic temperature and a small amount of fine α(Al) dendrites formed under the eutectic temperature. The volume fraction of primary Si particles is decreased significantly by the effect of ultrasonic vibration through increasing the solid solubility of Si atoms in α(Al) matrix and decreasing the forming temperature range of primary Si particles. The average particle diameter and the volume fraction of primary Si particles in microstructure of the swash-plate by rheo-squeeze casting are 24.3 μm and 11.1%, respectively.
文摘A differential equation that is generally effective for squeeze film air damping of perforated plate and non perforated plate as well as in MEMS devices is developed.For perforated plate,the thickness and the dimensions of the plate are not limited.With boundary conditions,pressure distribution and the damping force on the plate can be found by solving the differential equation.Analytical expressions for damping pressure and damping force of a long strip holeplate are presented with a finite thickness and a finite width.To the extreme conditions of very thin plate and very thin hole,the results are reduced to the corresponding results of the conventional Reynolds' equation.Thus, the effectiveness of the generalized differential equation is justified.Therefore,the generalized Reynolds' equation will be a useful tool of design for damping structures in MEMS.
基金Project(51405466)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(Y32Z010F10)supported by the Western Light Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Project(cstc2014jcyj A50009)supported by Chongqing Research of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology,ChinaProject(cstc2014jcyj A50037)supported by Chongqing Research of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology,China
文摘A novel process that combines squeeze casting with partial remelting to obtain AZ61 magnesium alloy with semi-solid microstructures was proposed. In this route, the squeeze casting was used to predeform the magnesium alloy billets to obtain small dendritic structures. During subsequent partial remelting, small dendritic structures transform into globular grains surrounded by liquid films. The results show that the squeeze casting AZ61 alloy after partial remelting produces more ideal, finer semi-solid microstructure compared with as-cast AZ61 alloy treated by the same isothermal holding conditions. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ61 alloy prepared by squeeze casting plus partial remelting are better than those of the thixoformed alloy prepared by conventional casting plus partial remelting.
基金supported by CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-085)the National Time Service Center(Grant No.E239SC1101)+1 种基金Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0303200)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.BX2021020).
文摘The phenomenon that a clock at a higher gravitational potential ticks faster than one at a lower potential,also known as gravitational redshift,is one of the classical tests of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.Owing to their ultra-high accuracy and stability,state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks have enabled resolving the gravitational redshift with a millimeter-scale height difference.Further reducing the vertical inter-clock separation down to the sub-millimeter level and especially shortening the required measurement time may be achieved by employing spin squeezing.Here,we theoretically investigate the spin-squeezing-enhanced differential frequency comparison between two optical clocks within a lattice-trapped cloud of^(171)Yb atoms.The numerical results illustrate that for a sample of 10^(4)atoms,the atomic-collision-limited resolution of the vertical separation between two clocks can reach 0.48 mm,corresponding to a fractional gravitational redshift at the 10^(-20)level.In addition,the required averaging time may be reduced to less than one hundredth of that of conventional clocks with independent atoms.Our work opens a door to the future spin-squeezing-enhanced test of general relativity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10574647)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.Y2008A16)the University Experimental Technology Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.S04W138)
文摘We investigate how an optical squeezed chaotic field（SCF） evolves in an amplitude dissipation channel. We have used the integration within ordered product of operators technique to derive its evolution law. We also show that the density operator of SCF can be viewed as a generating field of the squeezed number state.
基金financially supported by Rice University Brine Chemistry Consortium member companies,which are listed in the Acknowledgement section。
文摘The mechanistic understanding of the reactions that govern the inhibitor retention and release,modeling,and the state-ofthe-art innovation in squeeze treatment are reviewed.The retention and release are governed by(1)the amount of calcite that can dissolve prior to inhibitor-induced surface poisoning;(2)calcite surface poisoning after^20 molecular layers of surface coverage by the adsorbed inhibitors to retard further calcite dissolution;(3)less base,CO3^2-,is released into the aqueous solution;(4)formation of the more acidic inhibitor precipitates;(5)phase transformation and maturation of the more acidic inhibitor precipitates;and(6)dissolution of the less soluble crystalline inhibitor precipitates.The trend to advance squeeze technologies is through(1)enhancing scale inhibitor retention,(2)optimizing the delivery of scale inhibitors to the target zone,and(3)improving monitoring methods.Lastly,a prototype yardstick for measuring the squeeze performance is used to compare the squeeze life of 17 actual squeeze treatments.Even though the various squeeze treatments appear to be different.all published squeeze durations can be rated based on the normalized squeeze life per unit mass of inhibitors.
基金Project(50971092)supported by the National Natural Science of Foundation of ChinaProject(201202166)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Liaoning Province,China
文摘Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu alloy ingots were prepared by squeeze casting under different specific pressures,and the fresh ingot with best mechanical properties was solid hot extruded.With the increase of the specific pressure from 0 to 250 MPa,the dendrites became round and small.Because the applied pressure increased the solid solubility of alloying elements,the number of MgZn2 phases decreased.When the specific pressure increased from 250 MPa to 350 MPa,the grain size increased.After solid hot extrusion,the a（Al） grains were refined obviously and the MgZn2 phases were uniformly dispersed in the microstructure.After solid hot extrusion,the ultimate tensile strength was 605.67 MPa and the elongation was 8.1%,which were improved about 32.22%and15.71%,respectively,compared with those of the metal mold casting alloy.The fracture modes of the billet prepared by the metal mold casting and by squeeze casting were intergranular and quasi-cleavage fractures,respectively,whereas,that of the solid hot extrusion was mainly dimple fracture.The refined crystalline strengthening was the main reason to improve the strength and elongation of alloy.
文摘Compared to traditional high-pressure die casting(HPDC),horizontal squeeze casting(HSC)is a more promising way to fabricate high-integrity castings,owing to a reduced number of gas and shrinkage porosities produced in the casting.In this paper,the differences between HSC and HPDC are assessed,through which it is shown that the cavity filling velocity and the size of the gating system to be the most notable differences.Equipment development and related applications are also reviewed.Furthermore,numerical simulation is used to analyze the three fundamental characteristics of HSC:slow cavity filling,squeeze feeding and slow sleeve filling.From this,a selection principle is given based on the three related critical casting parameters:cavity filling velocity,gate size and sleeve filling velocity.Finally,two specific applications of HSC are introduced,and the future direction of HSC development is discussed.
文摘Recently, the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been demonstrated that in particular case, the Hamiltonian of the corresponding field can be expressed by Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above-mentioned quantized field, the time-and conductivity-dependent squeezed vacuum and one-photon squeezed states as well as their superpositions, and also the time-and conductivity-dependent excited even and odd coherent states are produced. Also,using a few well-known nonclassicality criteria, the time evolution of nonclassicality features of the above classes of obtained states, in addition to the influence of medium conductivity on them are demonstrated, numerically. It has been shown that the nonclassicality indicators may be adjusted by tuning the conductivity of media.
