针对燃煤机组锅炉主再热汽温控制中存在的滞后性、多变量耦合及动态工况适应难题,文章提出一种融合数字孪生技术与最小二乘支持向量机(Least Squares Support Vector Machine,LS-SVM)的汽温寻优方法。通过构建锅炉三维数字孪生模型实现...针对燃煤机组锅炉主再热汽温控制中存在的滞后性、多变量耦合及动态工况适应难题,文章提出一种融合数字孪生技术与最小二乘支持向量机(Least Squares Support Vector Machine,LS-SVM)的汽温寻优方法。通过构建锅炉三维数字孪生模型实现设备状态实时映射,结合LS-SVM建立多变量动态预测模型,并引入多目标微分进化算法(MODE)进行参数优化。实际应用表明,该方法使主汽温波动范围从±7℃缩小至±2.5℃,再热汽温预测误差稳定在±1.5℃以内,年节约燃煤成本超400万元,为火电机组深度调峰与能效提升提供技术支撑。展开更多
In order to realize direct thrust control instead of conventional sensors-based control for aero-engine, a thrust estimator with high accuracy is designed by using the boosting technique to improve the performance of ...In order to realize direct thrust control instead of conventional sensors-based control for aero-engine, a thrust estimator with high accuracy is designed by using the boosting technique to improve the performance of least squares support vector regression （LSSVR）. There exist two distinct features compared with the conven- tional boosting technique： （1） Sampling without replacement is used to avoid numerical instability for modeling LSSVR. （2） To realize the sparseness of LSSVR and reduce the computational complexity, only a subset of the training samples is used to construct LSSVR. Thus, this boosting method for LSSVR is called the boosting sparse LSSVR （BSLSSVR）. Finally, simulation results show that BSLSSVR-based thrust estimator can satisfy the requirement of direct thrust control, i.e. , maximum absolute value of relative error of thrust estimation is not more than 5‰.展开更多
土壤侵蚀是影响全球土地退化和可持续发展的重大环境问题。土壤侵蚀模型可估算土壤流失的空间和时间分布,为制定流域水土资源保护政策与实施有效战略提供支持。修订版通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE,Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)模...土壤侵蚀是影响全球土地退化和可持续发展的重大环境问题。土壤侵蚀模型可估算土壤流失的空间和时间分布,为制定流域水土资源保护政策与实施有效战略提供支持。修订版通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE,Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)模型以其兼具简单性与准确性,成为全球应用最广泛的土壤侵蚀模型之一。在RUSLE模型的输入参数中,地形因子(LS因子)对土壤流失潜力的影响最为显著,而LS因子的输入数据和计算方法对最终RUSLE模型计算的质量会有直接影响。为此构建了中国区域30米分辨率LS因子数据集(LS_China)。本数据集采用开源工具SAGA(自动化地球科学分析系统)和GDAL(地理空间数据抽象库),基于公开的SRTM30米高程数据集(SRTMGL1)计算获得,覆盖整个中国区域。数据被组织成单独的栅格化图块,每个栅格化图块覆盖1°×1°的范围,以Geotiff格式存储。在大尺度范围的数据计算过程中,基于对数据的空间分解,采用邻域依赖的计算方法,同时采用多流算法,保证LS因子计算的准确性。在数据质量控制方面,通过变异系数(CV)验证并与同一区域的其他数据集进行比较。结果表明,LS_China数据集的变异系数为1.24,相较于其他数据集,其内部异质性较小,具备高质量和高可靠性。本数据集可用作各种尺度(地方、区域、国家)的任何土壤侵蚀评估的输入数据。展开更多
Partial least squares （PLS） regression was applied to the Lunar Soft Characterization Consortium （LSCC） dataset for spectral estimation of TiO2. The LSCC dataset was split into a number of subsets including the lo...Partial least squares （PLS） regression was applied to the Lunar Soft Characterization Consortium （LSCC） dataset for spectral estimation of TiO2. The LSCC dataset was split into a number of subsets including the low-Ti, high-Ti, total mare soils, total highland, Apollo 16, and Apollo 14 soils to investigate the effects of interfering minerals and nonlinearity on the PLS performance. The PLS weight loading vectors were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis （SMRA） to identify mineral species driving and interfering the PLS performance. PLS exhibits high performance for estimating TiO2 for the LSCC low-Ti and high-Ti mare samples and both groups analyzed together. The results suggest that while the dominant TiO2-bearing minerals are few, additional PLS factors are required to compensate the effects on the important PLS factors of minerals that are not highly corrected to TiO2, to accommodate nonlinear relationships between reflectance and TiO2, and to correct inconsistent mineral-TiO2 correlations between the high-Ti and iow-Ti mare samples. Analysis of the LSCC highland soil samples indicates that the Apollo 16 soils are responsible for the large errors of TiO2 estimates when the soils are modeled with other subgroups. For the LSCC Apollo 16 samples, the dominant spectral effects of plagioclase over other dark minerals are primarily responsible for large errors of estimated TiO2. For the Apollo 14 soils, more accurate estimation for TiO2 is attributed to the posi- tive correlation between a major TiOe-bearing component and TiO2, explaining why the Apollo 14 soils follow the regression trend when analyzed with other soils groups.展开更多
During the electrochemical machining (ECM), the cathodes designed by the existing methods are mainly unitary cathodes, which can be only used to produce the workpieces with the same shapes. However, there are few rese...During the electrochemical machining (ECM), the cathodes designed by the existing methods are mainly unitary cathodes, which can be only used to produce the workpieces with the same shapes. However, there are few researches on designing cathodes for machining the different workpieces with the different surfaces. This paper presents the grid cathode composed of the square cells to produce the workpieces with different shapes. Three types of the square cells, 2.5 mm′2.5 mm, 3 mm′3 mm, and 4 mm′4 mm, are utilized to construct the plane, the slant, and the blade cathode. The material of the cathode and the anode is CrNi 18 Ti 9 , and the ingredient of electrolyte is 15% NaCl and 15% NaNO 3 . The machining equilibrium machining current and time are acquired and analyzed, the machining process and the workpiece quality are compared between using the grid cathode and the unitary cathode. Moreover, the machining errors on the workpiece surface are measured and analyzed, and the error reasons are traced and discussed to obtain the better surface quality of the workpiece. The experiment and analysis results show that the grid cathode can be used to manufacture the workpieces with complex shapes in certain range of the error. The workpiece quality improves with the size of the square cell being reduced, and if the square element is small enough, the workpiece quality is almost equal to the one machined by the unitary cathode. The proposed research realizes a single cathode machining the different workpieces with the different surfaces.展开更多
This study used near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to predict mechanical properties of wood.NIR spectra were collected in wavelengths 900–1700 nm,and spectra averaged by radial and tangential surface spectra were used to...This study used near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to predict mechanical properties of wood.NIR spectra were collected in wavelengths 900–1700 nm,and spectra averaged by radial and tangential surface spectra were used to establish a partial least square(PLS)model based on correlation local embedding(CLE).Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.)was used to test the eff ectiveness of the model.The cross-validation method was used to verify the robustness of the CLE–PLS model.Ninety samples were tested as the calibration set and forty-fi ve as the validation set.The results show that the prediction coeffi cient of determination(R2 p)is 0.80 for MOR,and 0.78 for MOE.The ratio of performance to deviation is 2.23 for MOR and 2.15 for MOE.展开更多
This article adopts Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) for prediction of Evaporation Losses (EL) in reservoirs. LSSVM is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning, uses regression technique. The inpu...This article adopts Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) for prediction of Evaporation Losses (EL) in reservoirs. LSSVM is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning, uses regression technique. The input of LSSVM model is Mean air temperature (T) (?C), Average wind speed (WS)(m/sec), Sunshine hours (SH)(hrs/day), and Mean relative humidity(RH)(%). LSSVM has been used to compute error barn of predicted data. An equation has been developed for the determination of EL. Sensitivity analysis has been also performed to investigate the importance of each of the input parameters. A comparative study has been presented between LSSVM and artificial neural network (ANN) models. This study shows that LSSVM is a powerful tool for determination EL in reservoirs.展开更多
针对实际点云数据中存在的噪点与缺陷对拟合平面时带来的影响,提出一种基于最小平方中值算法(least median of squares,LMedS)与距离加权总体最小二乘法(weighted total least squares based on distance,WTLSD)相结合的平面拟合算法。...针对实际点云数据中存在的噪点与缺陷对拟合平面时带来的影响,提出一种基于最小平方中值算法(least median of squares,LMedS)与距离加权总体最小二乘法(weighted total least squares based on distance,WTLSD)相结合的平面拟合算法。通过最小平方中值算法初步去除点云中的噪点,并基于距离构建初始权重矩阵,利用距离加权总体最小二乘法对点云进行平面拟合,减少平面中凸起与凹陷等缺陷对平面拟合的影响,该算法与传统平面拟合算法相比具备消除异常点与平面缺陷的优点,具备更高的拟合精度;与随机采样一致性算法(random sample consensus,RANSAC)相比具有更高的拟合效率与相近的拟合精度。展开更多
Cerium contained conversion films were deposited on LC4 aluminum alloy usingsquare wave pulse (SWP) in a CeCl_3 solution with KMnO_4 as the oxidant. Energy dispersivespectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy...Cerium contained conversion films were deposited on LC4 aluminum alloy usingsquare wave pulse (SWP) in a CeCl_3 solution with KMnO_4 as the oxidant. Energy dispersivespectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were adopted to study the composition andthe morphology of the film. It is found that the film is composed of Al, Zn, Cu, and small amount ofcerium. The polarization curves of the specimens treated with SWP technique measured in 3.5% (massfraction) NaCl solution reveal that the film thus formed inhibits both the anodic and cathodicprocess of the corrosion of the specimen. The immersion tests of treated specimens in 3.5% NaClsolution indicate that the corrosion resistance of the SWP treated specimen is better than that ofthe untreated and is equivalent to or even better than that of the traditionally electro-chemicallytreated specimens.展开更多
文摘针对燃煤机组锅炉主再热汽温控制中存在的滞后性、多变量耦合及动态工况适应难题,文章提出一种融合数字孪生技术与最小二乘支持向量机(Least Squares Support Vector Machine,LS-SVM)的汽温寻优方法。通过构建锅炉三维数字孪生模型实现设备状态实时映射,结合LS-SVM建立多变量动态预测模型,并引入多目标微分进化算法(MODE)进行参数优化。实际应用表明,该方法使主汽温波动范围从±7℃缩小至±2.5℃,再热汽温预测误差稳定在±1.5℃以内,年节约燃煤成本超400万元,为火电机组深度调峰与能效提升提供技术支撑。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50576033)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(04C52019)~~
文摘In order to realize direct thrust control instead of conventional sensors-based control for aero-engine, a thrust estimator with high accuracy is designed by using the boosting technique to improve the performance of least squares support vector regression （LSSVR）. There exist two distinct features compared with the conven- tional boosting technique： （1） Sampling without replacement is used to avoid numerical instability for modeling LSSVR. （2） To realize the sparseness of LSSVR and reduce the computational complexity, only a subset of the training samples is used to construct LSSVR. Thus, this boosting method for LSSVR is called the boosting sparse LSSVR （BSLSSVR）. Finally, simulation results show that BSLSSVR-based thrust estimator can satisfy the requirement of direct thrust control, i.e. , maximum absolute value of relative error of thrust estimation is not more than 5‰.
文摘土壤侵蚀是影响全球土地退化和可持续发展的重大环境问题。土壤侵蚀模型可估算土壤流失的空间和时间分布,为制定流域水土资源保护政策与实施有效战略提供支持。修订版通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE,Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)模型以其兼具简单性与准确性,成为全球应用最广泛的土壤侵蚀模型之一。在RUSLE模型的输入参数中,地形因子(LS因子)对土壤流失潜力的影响最为显著,而LS因子的输入数据和计算方法对最终RUSLE模型计算的质量会有直接影响。为此构建了中国区域30米分辨率LS因子数据集(LS_China)。本数据集采用开源工具SAGA(自动化地球科学分析系统)和GDAL(地理空间数据抽象库),基于公开的SRTM30米高程数据集(SRTMGL1)计算获得,覆盖整个中国区域。数据被组织成单独的栅格化图块,每个栅格化图块覆盖1°×1°的范围,以Geotiff格式存储。在大尺度范围的数据计算过程中,基于对数据的空间分解,采用邻域依赖的计算方法,同时采用多流算法,保证LS因子计算的准确性。在数据质量控制方面,通过变异系数(CV)验证并与同一区域的其他数据集进行比较。结果表明,LS_China数据集的变异系数为1.24,相较于其他数据集,其内部异质性较小,具备高质量和高可靠性。本数据集可用作各种尺度(地方、区域、国家)的任何土壤侵蚀评估的输入数据。
基金supported by the Research Support Funds Grant (RSFG) program of Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
文摘Partial least squares （PLS） regression was applied to the Lunar Soft Characterization Consortium （LSCC） dataset for spectral estimation of TiO2. The LSCC dataset was split into a number of subsets including the low-Ti, high-Ti, total mare soils, total highland, Apollo 16, and Apollo 14 soils to investigate the effects of interfering minerals and nonlinearity on the PLS performance. The PLS weight loading vectors were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis （SMRA） to identify mineral species driving and interfering the PLS performance. PLS exhibits high performance for estimating TiO2 for the LSCC low-Ti and high-Ti mare samples and both groups analyzed together. The results suggest that while the dominant TiO2-bearing minerals are few, additional PLS factors are required to compensate the effects on the important PLS factors of minerals that are not highly corrected to TiO2, to accommodate nonlinear relationships between reflectance and TiO2, and to correct inconsistent mineral-TiO2 correlations between the high-Ti and iow-Ti mare samples. Analysis of the LSCC highland soil samples indicates that the Apollo 16 soils are responsible for the large errors of TiO2 estimates when the soils are modeled with other subgroups. For the LSCC Apollo 16 samples, the dominant spectral effects of plagioclase over other dark minerals are primarily responsible for large errors of estimated TiO2. For the Apollo 14 soils, more accurate estimation for TiO2 is attributed to the posi- tive correlation between a major TiOe-bearing component and TiO2, explaining why the Apollo 14 soils follow the regression trend when analyzed with other soils groups.
基金supported by Aeronautics Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2008ZE52049)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005122)
文摘During the electrochemical machining (ECM), the cathodes designed by the existing methods are mainly unitary cathodes, which can be only used to produce the workpieces with the same shapes. However, there are few researches on designing cathodes for machining the different workpieces with the different surfaces. This paper presents the grid cathode composed of the square cells to produce the workpieces with different shapes. Three types of the square cells, 2.5 mm′2.5 mm, 3 mm′3 mm, and 4 mm′4 mm, are utilized to construct the plane, the slant, and the blade cathode. The material of the cathode and the anode is CrNi 18 Ti 9 , and the ingredient of electrolyte is 15% NaCl and 15% NaNO 3 . The machining equilibrium machining current and time are acquired and analyzed, the machining process and the workpiece quality are compared between using the grid cathode and the unitary cathode. Moreover, the machining errors on the workpiece surface are measured and analyzed, and the error reasons are traced and discussed to obtain the better surface quality of the workpiece. The experiment and analysis results show that the grid cathode can be used to manufacture the workpieces with complex shapes in certain range of the error. The workpiece quality improves with the size of the square cell being reduced, and if the square element is small enough, the workpiece quality is almost equal to the one machined by the unitary cathode. The proposed research realizes a single cathode machining the different workpieces with the different surfaces.
基金financially supported by the China State Forestry Administration“948”projects(2015-4-52)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572017DB05)Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(C2017005)。
文摘This study used near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy to predict mechanical properties of wood.NIR spectra were collected in wavelengths 900–1700 nm,and spectra averaged by radial and tangential surface spectra were used to establish a partial least square(PLS)model based on correlation local embedding(CLE).Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.)was used to test the eff ectiveness of the model.The cross-validation method was used to verify the robustness of the CLE–PLS model.Ninety samples were tested as the calibration set and forty-fi ve as the validation set.The results show that the prediction coeffi cient of determination(R2 p)is 0.80 for MOR,and 0.78 for MOE.The ratio of performance to deviation is 2.23 for MOR and 2.15 for MOE.
文摘This article adopts Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) for prediction of Evaporation Losses (EL) in reservoirs. LSSVM is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning, uses regression technique. The input of LSSVM model is Mean air temperature (T) (?C), Average wind speed (WS)(m/sec), Sunshine hours (SH)(hrs/day), and Mean relative humidity(RH)(%). LSSVM has been used to compute error barn of predicted data. An equation has been developed for the determination of EL. Sensitivity analysis has been also performed to investigate the importance of each of the input parameters. A comparative study has been presented between LSSVM and artificial neural network (ANN) models. This study shows that LSSVM is a powerful tool for determination EL in reservoirs.
文摘针对实际点云数据中存在的噪点与缺陷对拟合平面时带来的影响,提出一种基于最小平方中值算法(least median of squares,LMedS)与距离加权总体最小二乘法(weighted total least squares based on distance,WTLSD)相结合的平面拟合算法。通过最小平方中值算法初步去除点云中的噪点,并基于距离构建初始权重矩阵,利用距离加权总体最小二乘法对点云进行平面拟合,减少平面中凸起与凹陷等缺陷对平面拟合的影响,该算法与传统平面拟合算法相比具备消除异常点与平面缺陷的优点,具备更高的拟合精度;与随机采样一致性算法(random sample consensus,RANSAC)相比具有更高的拟合效率与相近的拟合精度。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59771067) and the National Key Laboratory of New Metal Materials.
文摘Cerium contained conversion films were deposited on LC4 aluminum alloy usingsquare wave pulse (SWP) in a CeCl_3 solution with KMnO_4 as the oxidant. Energy dispersivespectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were adopted to study the composition andthe morphology of the film. It is found that the film is composed of Al, Zn, Cu, and small amount ofcerium. The polarization curves of the specimens treated with SWP technique measured in 3.5% (massfraction) NaCl solution reveal that the film thus formed inhibits both the anodic and cathodicprocess of the corrosion of the specimen. The immersion tests of treated specimens in 3.5% NaClsolution indicate that the corrosion resistance of the SWP treated specimen is better than that ofthe untreated and is equivalent to or even better than that of the traditionally electro-chemicallytreated specimens.
