Understanding the impacts of climate change on the future growth of tree species is particularly important for conserving endemic species with limited geographic distributions,such as Serbian spruce(Picea omorika(Panc...Understanding the impacts of climate change on the future growth of tree species is particularly important for conserving endemic species with limited geographic distributions,such as Serbian spruce(Picea omorika(Pancic)Purk.).This study describes an approach to assessing the effects of future climate conditions on the growth and the implications for future management to conserve this endangered species on the IUCN Red List.To investigate the climate-growth relationship,age structure and diameter growth trends,we have sampled 231 trees across 11 locations at National Park"Tara"in western Serbia.The existence of heterogeneous age structures suggests that Serbian spruce poses considerable potential for continual regeneration in stands with open canopy.Conducted dendroclimatological analysis exhibits exceptional coherence in growth patterns within populations(Rxy 0.67–0.78),allowing the established climate-sensitive mixed-effect model to achieve conditional R^(c)^(2)=0.683.It is revealed that the radial increment of Serbian spruce is dominantly regulated by water deficit in the summer season.The rainfall amount during the spring is another meaningful climatic factor for growth trends,while minimal winter temperatures and previous autumn water balance show varying influences.Finally,the growth projections under climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 foreseen reductions of up to one-third and almost half from the historical mean growth rate.The given estimations should be seen as a critical warning signal calling for immediate conversion from passive to active protection to preserve this unique species.展开更多
Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod d...Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod diversity within managed spruce(Picea abies) forests in the Czech Republic,comparing results to nearby nature reserves(NRs).Gastropod species richness and composition were evaluated at both plot(50 m×50 m) and mesohabitat scales across gradients of CWD and beech(Fagus sylvatica) tree representation.Our results indicate significantly reduced species richness in managed forests(median 7 species per plot) compared to NRs(median15 species),attributed to lower soil pH,calcium availability,and moisture due to the dominance of spruce and the limited availability of CWD.Species richness was positively influenced by CWD volume,with two amounts identified:a minimum of 4 m^(3)·ha^(-1) to prevent significant biodiversity loss and 20 m^(3)·ha^(-1)to support sensitive and dendrophile species.At the within-plot scale,CWD was the species richest mesohabitat,playing a particularly important role in acidic and nutrient-poor environments.Furthermore,beech basal area positively correlated with species richness,mitigating the negative impact of spruce.The findings highlight the critical need for changes in forest management,including increased retention of CWD and integration of deciduous trees,to support biodiversity in intensively managed forests.These measures are particularly urgent given the susceptibility of spruce monocultures to climate change and pest outbreaks.Gastropods,as sessile indicators of environmental change,may serve as effective umbrella species for conservation efforts targeting forest soil biodiversity.展开更多
Tree radial growth can have significantly differ-ent responses to climate change depending on the environ-ment.To elucidate the effects of climate on radial growth and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)fractionation of Q...Tree radial growth can have significantly differ-ent responses to climate change depending on the environ-ment.To elucidate the effects of climate on radial growth and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)fractionation of Qing-hai spruce(Picea crassifolia),a widely distributed native conifer in northwestern China in different environments,we developed chronologies for tree-ring widths andδ^(13)C in trees on the southern and northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains,and analysed the relationship between these tree-ring variables and major climatic factors.Tree-ring widths were strongly influenced by climatic factors early in the growing season,and the radial growth in trees on the northern slopes was more sensitive to climate than in trees on the southern.Tree-ringδ^(13)C was more sensitive to climate than radial growth.δ^(13)C fractionation was mainly influenced by summer temperature and precipitation early in the growing season.Stomatal conductance more strongly limited stable carbon isotope fractionation in tree rings than photosynthetic rate did.The response between tree rings and climate in mountains gradually weakened as climate warmed.Changes in radial growth and stable carbon isotope fractionation of P.crassifolia in response to climate in the Qilian Mountains may be further complicated by continued climate change.展开更多
Biodiversity loss is a significant problem at a global scale and may be amplified by climate change.In recent years,coniferous forests have had substantial die-back across Europe due to drought and subsequent bark-bee...Biodiversity loss is a significant problem at a global scale and may be amplified by climate change.In recent years,coniferous forests have had substantial die-back across Europe due to drought and subsequent bark-beetle outbreaks.As many studies on the consequences of disturbance and subsequent management have focused on natural stands,management implications for managed spruce stands are not well understood,even though such stands are widespread throughout Europe.In this study,beetle taxonomy,conservation value,and community com-position are compared among spruce plantations and four post-disturbance management approaches:standing dead-wood,lying deadwood,clear cuts,and long-term succession.Diversity and community composition differed significantly among management categories,while different beetle fami-lies responded similarly.Intact spruce stands harbored the lowest beetle diversity while the highest taxonomic diver-sity and conservation value was on clear cuts and stands with lying or standing deadwood.The proportion of forest specialists was highest in successional forests.In summary,different forest management categories harbored distinct beetle communities at the family-,species-,and ecological guild levels.Therefore,post-disturbance management should consider the landscape scale and include different management types.This enhances landscape heterogeneity and thus overall biodiversity but could also mitigate negative impacts of natural disturbances on ecosystem services.展开更多
Oily skin,a facial skin condition,appears shiny and greasy and is a source of common skin disorders such as acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis.Moreover,oily skin can lead to depression,distress,and so on,which ca...Oily skin,a facial skin condition,appears shiny and greasy and is a source of common skin disorders such as acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis.Moreover,oily skin can lead to depression,distress,and so on,which can be detrimental to social interactions.In this study,the effect of Norway spruce leaf extract(NSLE)on the management of oily skin was investigated both in vitro and in vivo,focusing on its sebum-controlling and anti-inflammatory properties.The in vitro results showed that the NSLE significantly reduced neutral lipids in linoleic acid(LA)-induced human SZ95 sebocytes in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Additionally,the 2.5%NSLE was able to reduce the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced elevation of nitric oxide(NO)levels in RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).The human efficacy evaluation showed that the emulsion containing 2.5%NSLE had a significant sebum-controlling effect,the skin sebum content decreased by 29.3%after 7 days.Furthermore,the results also indicated a notable improvement in skin glossiness and lightness(P<0.05)after two weeks of application,compared to baseline.In conclusion,NSLE effectively enhances the skin health of oily skin by reducing sebum production and inhibiting inflammation.This study provided evidence for NSLE as a natural and effective ingredient in skincare products for individuals with oily skin.展开更多
Spruce budworm （Choristoneura fumiferana （Clemens）） is one of the most serious forest insect pests in North America. Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine the lethal doses and lethal time of pyrethrins ...Spruce budworm （Choristoneura fumiferana （Clemens）） is one of the most serious forest insect pests in North America. Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine the lethal doses and lethal time of pyrethrins （a botanical insecticide） on 4th instar larvae of spruce bud-worm using larval dip assay. Results show that the LT50 values（time of 50% larval mortality）for spruce budworm at the pyrethrins concentra-tions of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg·L-1 were 94.78, 45.54, 20.36, 14.39 and 11.37 h, respectively. The percentage of cumulative mortality at the pyrethrins concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg·L-1 was approxi-mately 50%, 67%, 93%, 100% and 100% within 120 h, respectively. The LC50 value （concentration of 50% larval mortality） for the 4th instar lar-vae was 16.1μg·L-1. Thus, larval mortality of spruce budworm increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and lethal time decreased with increasing pyrethin concentrations. These findings suggest that pyrethrins have a potential in controlling spruce budworm populations.展开更多
基金supported by the perennial project activities financed by National Park“Tara”(grants no.1159&1344)The research engagement of M.K.and B.S.was supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia within the framework of the program technological development(grant no.200169)+1 种基金The work of M.K.was also supported by the Science Fond of the Republic of Serbia,grant no.6686EO and in situ based information framework to support generating Carbon Credits in forestry-ForestCO2。
文摘Understanding the impacts of climate change on the future growth of tree species is particularly important for conserving endemic species with limited geographic distributions,such as Serbian spruce(Picea omorika(Pancic)Purk.).This study describes an approach to assessing the effects of future climate conditions on the growth and the implications for future management to conserve this endangered species on the IUCN Red List.To investigate the climate-growth relationship,age structure and diameter growth trends,we have sampled 231 trees across 11 locations at National Park"Tara"in western Serbia.The existence of heterogeneous age structures suggests that Serbian spruce poses considerable potential for continual regeneration in stands with open canopy.Conducted dendroclimatological analysis exhibits exceptional coherence in growth patterns within populations(Rxy 0.67–0.78),allowing the established climate-sensitive mixed-effect model to achieve conditional R^(c)^(2)=0.683.It is revealed that the radial increment of Serbian spruce is dominantly regulated by water deficit in the summer season.The rainfall amount during the spring is another meaningful climatic factor for growth trends,while minimal winter temperatures and previous autumn water balance show varying influences.Finally,the growth projections under climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 foreseen reductions of up to one-third and almost half from the historical mean growth rate.The given estimations should be seen as a critical warning signal calling for immediate conversion from passive to active protection to preserve this unique species.
基金fnancially supported by the Czech Science Foundation(P504/23-05132S)by the Masaryk University Institutional Grant for Doctoral Students(MUNI/A/1667/2024).
文摘Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod diversity within managed spruce(Picea abies) forests in the Czech Republic,comparing results to nearby nature reserves(NRs).Gastropod species richness and composition were evaluated at both plot(50 m×50 m) and mesohabitat scales across gradients of CWD and beech(Fagus sylvatica) tree representation.Our results indicate significantly reduced species richness in managed forests(median 7 species per plot) compared to NRs(median15 species),attributed to lower soil pH,calcium availability,and moisture due to the dominance of spruce and the limited availability of CWD.Species richness was positively influenced by CWD volume,with two amounts identified:a minimum of 4 m^(3)·ha^(-1) to prevent significant biodiversity loss and 20 m^(3)·ha^(-1)to support sensitive and dendrophile species.At the within-plot scale,CWD was the species richest mesohabitat,playing a particularly important role in acidic and nutrient-poor environments.Furthermore,beech basal area positively correlated with species richness,mitigating the negative impact of spruce.The findings highlight the critical need for changes in forest management,including increased retention of CWD and integration of deciduous trees,to support biodiversity in intensively managed forests.These measures are particularly urgent given the susceptibility of spruce monocultures to climate change and pest outbreaks.Gastropods,as sessile indicators of environmental change,may serve as effective umbrella species for conservation efforts targeting forest soil biodiversity.
基金supported by Basic Research Operating Expenses of the Central level Non-profit Research Institutes(IDM2022003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375054)+2 种基金Regional collaborative innovation project of Xinjiang(2021E01022,2022E01045)Young Meteorological Talent Program of China Meteorological Administration,Tianshan Talent Program of Xinjiang(2022TSYCCX0003)Youth Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration(CMA2023QN08).
文摘Tree radial growth can have significantly differ-ent responses to climate change depending on the environ-ment.To elucidate the effects of climate on radial growth and stable carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)fractionation of Qing-hai spruce(Picea crassifolia),a widely distributed native conifer in northwestern China in different environments,we developed chronologies for tree-ring widths andδ^(13)C in trees on the southern and northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains,and analysed the relationship between these tree-ring variables and major climatic factors.Tree-ring widths were strongly influenced by climatic factors early in the growing season,and the radial growth in trees on the northern slopes was more sensitive to climate than in trees on the southern.Tree-ringδ^(13)C was more sensitive to climate than radial growth.δ^(13)C fractionation was mainly influenced by summer temperature and precipitation early in the growing season.Stomatal conductance more strongly limited stable carbon isotope fractionation in tree rings than photosynthetic rate did.The response between tree rings and climate in mountains gradually weakened as climate warmed.Changes in radial growth and stable carbon isotope fractionation of P.crassifolia in response to climate in the Qilian Mountains may be further complicated by continued climate change.
基金supported by Forschungsanstalt fur Waldokologie und Forstwirtschaft (FAWF)of Landesforsten Rheinland-Pfalz (FF5.3-01-2021).
文摘Biodiversity loss is a significant problem at a global scale and may be amplified by climate change.In recent years,coniferous forests have had substantial die-back across Europe due to drought and subsequent bark-beetle outbreaks.As many studies on the consequences of disturbance and subsequent management have focused on natural stands,management implications for managed spruce stands are not well understood,even though such stands are widespread throughout Europe.In this study,beetle taxonomy,conservation value,and community com-position are compared among spruce plantations and four post-disturbance management approaches:standing dead-wood,lying deadwood,clear cuts,and long-term succession.Diversity and community composition differed significantly among management categories,while different beetle fami-lies responded similarly.Intact spruce stands harbored the lowest beetle diversity while the highest taxonomic diver-sity and conservation value was on clear cuts and stands with lying or standing deadwood.The proportion of forest specialists was highest in successional forests.In summary,different forest management categories harbored distinct beetle communities at the family-,species-,and ecological guild levels.Therefore,post-disturbance management should consider the landscape scale and include different management types.This enhances landscape heterogeneity and thus overall biodiversity but could also mitigate negative impacts of natural disturbances on ecosystem services.
文摘Oily skin,a facial skin condition,appears shiny and greasy and is a source of common skin disorders such as acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis.Moreover,oily skin can lead to depression,distress,and so on,which can be detrimental to social interactions.In this study,the effect of Norway spruce leaf extract(NSLE)on the management of oily skin was investigated both in vitro and in vivo,focusing on its sebum-controlling and anti-inflammatory properties.The in vitro results showed that the NSLE significantly reduced neutral lipids in linoleic acid(LA)-induced human SZ95 sebocytes in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Additionally,the 2.5%NSLE was able to reduce the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced elevation of nitric oxide(NO)levels in RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).The human efficacy evaluation showed that the emulsion containing 2.5%NSLE had a significant sebum-controlling effect,the skin sebum content decreased by 29.3%after 7 days.Furthermore,the results also indicated a notable improvement in skin glossiness and lightness(P<0.05)after two weeks of application,compared to baseline.In conclusion,NSLE effectively enhances the skin health of oily skin by reducing sebum production and inhibiting inflammation.This study provided evidence for NSLE as a natural and effective ingredient in skincare products for individuals with oily skin.
基金This research was supported by Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Project No. CFSCB2005-09.
文摘Spruce budworm （Choristoneura fumiferana （Clemens）） is one of the most serious forest insect pests in North America. Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine the lethal doses and lethal time of pyrethrins （a botanical insecticide） on 4th instar larvae of spruce bud-worm using larval dip assay. Results show that the LT50 values（time of 50% larval mortality）for spruce budworm at the pyrethrins concentra-tions of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg·L-1 were 94.78, 45.54, 20.36, 14.39 and 11.37 h, respectively. The percentage of cumulative mortality at the pyrethrins concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg·L-1 was approxi-mately 50%, 67%, 93%, 100% and 100% within 120 h, respectively. The LC50 value （concentration of 50% larval mortality） for the 4th instar lar-vae was 16.1μg·L-1. Thus, larval mortality of spruce budworm increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and lethal time decreased with increasing pyrethin concentrations. These findings suggest that pyrethrins have a potential in controlling spruce budworm populations.
