In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring...In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as affected by water and phosphorus （P） supply. A factorial design was used with six treatments namely two water regimes （at 80–75% and 50–45% ifeld capacity （FC）） and three P supply rates （P1=0, P2=44 and P3=109 μg P g–1 soil）. At shooting and lfowering stages, root respiration and carbon consumption increased with the elevate of P supply rates, regardless of water conditions, which achieved the minimum and maximum at P1 under 50–45% FC and P3 under 80–75% FC, respectively. However, total aboveground biomass and grain yield were higher at P2 under 80–75% FC; and decreased with high P application （P3）. The results indicated that rational or low P supply （80–75% of ifeld water capacity and 44 mg P kg–1 soil） should be recommended to improve grain yield by decreasing root carbon consumption in semiarid areas.展开更多
Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and ...Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.展开更多
Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on th...Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of springwheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilizationconsistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPKtreatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP atseeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highestprotein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizertreatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased gluteninscontent, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilizationon kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties werenot strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest breadvolume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantlyincreased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.Key words: Fertilization, Yield, Protein contents, Protein fractions, Quality, Spring Wheat展开更多
为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于...为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。展开更多
【目的】探明麦后复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量和籽粒品质的影响,对构建青海省基于绿肥的化肥减施与优质生产模式提供理论指导。【方法】于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验地进行裂区试验,主区为麦后复种绿肥(W-G)和麦...【目的】探明麦后复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量和籽粒品质的影响,对构建青海省基于绿肥的化肥减施与优质生产模式提供理论指导。【方法】于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验地进行裂区试验,主区为麦后复种绿肥(W-G)和麦后休闲(W)2种种植模式;副区为不施氮(N0)、氮肥减施30%(N1,157.5 kg N·hm^(-2))、当地习惯施氮(N2,225 kg N·hm^(-2))3个施氮水平,测定小麦产量及籽粒品质(籽粒蛋白、沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间、湿面筋等)。【结果】2023和2024年,W-GN1处理籽粒产量较WN1分别增加5.5%和13.4%,较WN2处理增加了2.0%和5.3%;W-GN1处理生物产量较WN1分别增加5.1%和10.6%,较WN2处理增加1.5%和4.6%。W-G较W处理能获得较高的收获指数。复种绿肥补偿效应在不施氮水平下呈负值,在施氮水平下为2.0%—14.0%,复种绿肥结合氮肥减施30%对增加作物产量的贡献最佳。同时,W-GN1处理可通过增加籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间改善籽粒品质,其籽粒蛋白含量较WN1分别增加10.62%和9.48%;籽粒沉降值分别增加25.05%和18.13%;籽粒形成时间分别增加34.70%和8.66%;籽粒稳定时间分别增加41.30%和13.68%。通过主成分分析可知,麦后复种绿肥对籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间的提升更为显著。【结论】麦后复种绿肥协同氮肥减施30%(N1,157.5 kg N·hm^(-2))显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,改善了籽粒品质,可作为青海省减施化肥条件下小麦提质稳产的适宜种植模式和施氮水平。展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31300328, 31200335, 31470496)the "111" Program from State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) & Ministry of Education (MOE), China (2007B051)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (lzujbky-2012-97, lzujbky-2015-ct02, lzujbky-2016-86)the funding from the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem in Lanzhou University, China
文摘In semiarid areas, cereal crops often alocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as affected by water and phosphorus （P） supply. A factorial design was used with six treatments namely two water regimes （at 80–75% and 50–45% ifeld capacity （FC）） and three P supply rates （P1=0, P2=44 and P3=109 μg P g–1 soil）. At shooting and lfowering stages, root respiration and carbon consumption increased with the elevate of P supply rates, regardless of water conditions, which achieved the minimum and maximum at P1 under 50–45% FC and P3 under 80–75% FC, respectively. However, total aboveground biomass and grain yield were higher at P2 under 80–75% FC; and decreased with high P application （P3）. The results indicated that rational or low P supply （80–75% of ifeld water capacity and 44 mg P kg–1 soil） should be recommended to improve grain yield by decreasing root carbon consumption in semiarid areas.
文摘Biosolids were applied with urea to produce a granulated organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) for application by farm fertiliser equipment to a range of agricultural crops. The recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash were calculated for the test crops using “The Fertiliser Manual”, which assesses the nutrient requirement based on previous cropping, rainfall and soil index. The OMF produced similar crop yields compared to ammonium nitrate fertiliser when applied as a top-dressing to winter wheat, forage maize and grass cut for silage in the cropping years 2010 to 2014. In 2012 the grain yield of spring barley top-dressed with OMF was significantly lower than the conventional fertiliser treatment, due to dry conditions following application. For this reason it is recommended that OMF is incorporated into the seedbed for spring sown crops and The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines followed. The experimental work presented shows that OMF can be used in sustainable crop production systems as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for a range of agricultural crops.
文摘Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of springwheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilizationconsistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPKtreatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP atseeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highestprotein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizertreatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased gluteninscontent, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilizationon kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties werenot strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest breadvolume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantlyincreased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.Key words: Fertilization, Yield, Protein contents, Protein fractions, Quality, Spring Wheat
文摘为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。
文摘【目的】探明麦后复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量和籽粒品质的影响,对构建青海省基于绿肥的化肥减施与优质生产模式提供理论指导。【方法】于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验地进行裂区试验,主区为麦后复种绿肥(W-G)和麦后休闲(W)2种种植模式;副区为不施氮(N0)、氮肥减施30%(N1,157.5 kg N·hm^(-2))、当地习惯施氮(N2,225 kg N·hm^(-2))3个施氮水平,测定小麦产量及籽粒品质(籽粒蛋白、沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间、湿面筋等)。【结果】2023和2024年,W-GN1处理籽粒产量较WN1分别增加5.5%和13.4%,较WN2处理增加了2.0%和5.3%;W-GN1处理生物产量较WN1分别增加5.1%和10.6%,较WN2处理增加1.5%和4.6%。W-G较W处理能获得较高的收获指数。复种绿肥补偿效应在不施氮水平下呈负值,在施氮水平下为2.0%—14.0%,复种绿肥结合氮肥减施30%对增加作物产量的贡献最佳。同时,W-GN1处理可通过增加籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间改善籽粒品质,其籽粒蛋白含量较WN1分别增加10.62%和9.48%;籽粒沉降值分别增加25.05%和18.13%;籽粒形成时间分别增加34.70%和8.66%;籽粒稳定时间分别增加41.30%和13.68%。通过主成分分析可知,麦后复种绿肥对籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间的提升更为显著。【结论】麦后复种绿肥协同氮肥减施30%(N1,157.5 kg N·hm^(-2))显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,改善了籽粒品质,可作为青海省减施化肥条件下小麦提质稳产的适宜种植模式和施氮水平。
