The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,th...The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.展开更多
为应对干旱内陆河流域夏季农业用水供需紧张的矛盾,提高滴灌春玉米水氮利用效率,以滴灌春玉米为研究对象,在新疆奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村进行田间试验,设置3600(W1)、3300(W2)、3000(W3)、2700(W4)、2400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W5)5个灌水...为应对干旱内陆河流域夏季农业用水供需紧张的矛盾,提高滴灌春玉米水氮利用效率,以滴灌春玉米为研究对象,在新疆奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村进行田间试验,设置3600(W1)、3300(W2)、3000(W3)、2700(W4)、2400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W5)5个灌水水平和461(N1)、428(N2)、394 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)3个施氮水平,探究偏低水氮管理对春玉米产量、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(partial factor productivity from nitrogen fertilizer,PFPN)的影响,并对较低限额灌水施肥方案进行优选。结果表明,玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及地上部干物质量均呈现随灌溉定额的增加而增加、随施氮量增加先增加后减少的趋势,其中W1N2处理表现最优。随着灌溉定额的增加,产量和PFPN呈不断增加的趋势,WUE呈不断降低的趋势;随着施氮量的增加,产量和WUE呈先增加后减少的趋势,PFPN呈不断降低的趋势。W1N2处理的产量最高(19250 kg·hm^(-2)),W5N2处理的WUE最高(4.52 kg·m^(-3)),W1N2处理的PFPN最高(44.77 kg·kgg^(-1))。基于水分利用效率、净利润、产投比等15个指标层构建的层次分析法-熵权法-优劣解距离向量法(analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method-technique for order preference by similarity to an ieded solution,AHP-EWM-TOPSIS)模型评价结果可知,灌溉定额3000~3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、施氮量394~428 kg·hm^(-2)为推荐的低水氮定额管理方案,此时产量达17010~19250 kg·hm^(-2),WUE为3.69~4.14 kg·m^(-3),PFPN为22.89~25.67 kg·kgg^(-1),该方法为作物生长综合效益提供了一种可靠的评价体系。研究结果为干旱区滴灌春玉米水氮配施策略的制定提供模型与数据参考,对实现农业生态经济效益最大化具有重要意义。展开更多
The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting（RFRH） system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of China.To determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use effici...The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting（RFRH） system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of China.To determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use efficiency（WUE）,a field experiment was conducted during 2008-2010 at the Heyang Dryland Experimental Station,China.Four treatments were used in the study.Furrows received uncovered mulching in all RFRH treatments whereas ridges were mulched with plastic film（PF）,biodegradable film（BF） or liquid film（LF）.A conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control（CK）.The results indicated that the average soil water storage at depths of 0-200 cm were 8.2 and 7.3%,respectively higher with PF and BF than with CK.However,LF improved soil water storage during the early growth stage of the crop.Compared with CK,the corn yields with PF and BF were increased by 20.4 and 19.4%,respectively,and WUE with each treatment increased by 23.3 and 21.7%,respectively.There were no significant differences in corn yield or WUE with the PF and BF treatments.The net income was the highest with PF,followed by BF,and the 3-yr average net incomes with these treatments were increased by 2 559 and 2 430 CNY ha-1,respectively,compared with CK.BF and PF had similar effects in enhancing the soil water content,crop yield and net income.Therefore,it can be concluded that biodegradable film may be a sustainable ecological alternative to plastic film for use in the RFRH system in northwest of China.展开更多
基金Supported by Project of Bohai Granary in Hebei Province(2013BAD05B0504)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(F17C10007-4)
文摘The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.
文摘为应对干旱内陆河流域夏季农业用水供需紧张的矛盾,提高滴灌春玉米水氮利用效率,以滴灌春玉米为研究对象,在新疆奇台县半截沟镇腰站子村进行田间试验,设置3600(W1)、3300(W2)、3000(W3)、2700(W4)、2400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W5)5个灌水水平和461(N1)、428(N2)、394 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)3个施氮水平,探究偏低水氮管理对春玉米产量、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(partial factor productivity from nitrogen fertilizer,PFPN)的影响,并对较低限额灌水施肥方案进行优选。结果表明,玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及地上部干物质量均呈现随灌溉定额的增加而增加、随施氮量增加先增加后减少的趋势,其中W1N2处理表现最优。随着灌溉定额的增加,产量和PFPN呈不断增加的趋势,WUE呈不断降低的趋势;随着施氮量的增加,产量和WUE呈先增加后减少的趋势,PFPN呈不断降低的趋势。W1N2处理的产量最高(19250 kg·hm^(-2)),W5N2处理的WUE最高(4.52 kg·m^(-3)),W1N2处理的PFPN最高(44.77 kg·kgg^(-1))。基于水分利用效率、净利润、产投比等15个指标层构建的层次分析法-熵权法-优劣解距离向量法(analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method-technique for order preference by similarity to an ieded solution,AHP-EWM-TOPSIS)模型评价结果可知,灌溉定额3000~3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、施氮量394~428 kg·hm^(-2)为推荐的低水氮定额管理方案,此时产量达17010~19250 kg·hm^(-2),WUE为3.69~4.14 kg·m^(-3),PFPN为22.89~25.67 kg·kgg^(-1),该方法为作物生长综合效益提供了一种可靠的评价体系。研究结果为干旱区滴灌春玉米水氮配施策略的制定提供模型与数据参考,对实现农业生态经济效益最大化具有重要意义。
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD29B03)the 111 Project (B12007)the Shaanxi Technology Project, China (2010K02-08-2)
文摘The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting（RFRH） system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of China.To determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use efficiency（WUE）,a field experiment was conducted during 2008-2010 at the Heyang Dryland Experimental Station,China.Four treatments were used in the study.Furrows received uncovered mulching in all RFRH treatments whereas ridges were mulched with plastic film（PF）,biodegradable film（BF） or liquid film（LF）.A conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control（CK）.The results indicated that the average soil water storage at depths of 0-200 cm were 8.2 and 7.3%,respectively higher with PF and BF than with CK.However,LF improved soil water storage during the early growth stage of the crop.Compared with CK,the corn yields with PF and BF were increased by 20.4 and 19.4%,respectively,and WUE with each treatment increased by 23.3 and 21.7%,respectively.There were no significant differences in corn yield or WUE with the PF and BF treatments.The net income was the highest with PF,followed by BF,and the 3-yr average net incomes with these treatments were increased by 2 559 and 2 430 CNY ha-1,respectively,compared with CK.BF and PF had similar effects in enhancing the soil water content,crop yield and net income.Therefore,it can be concluded that biodegradable film may be a sustainable ecological alternative to plastic film for use in the RFRH system in northwest of China.
