The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under follo...The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.展开更多
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a bacterial disease of citrus and results in peel blemishes rendering fresh fruit unsalable. Xcc is most active in warm, wet Florida summers where tiss...Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a bacterial disease of citrus and results in peel blemishes rendering fresh fruit unsalable. Xcc is most active in warm, wet Florida summers where tissues are infected during periods of active growth. Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is common in citrus producing countries, but, like canker, is only important for fresh market fruit. To control canker and melanose, Florida growers spray trees with copper formulations (Cu), but these sprays are removed by strong rains and intense radiation of Florida summers. A study was undertaken in FL commercial grapefruit groves in 2009 and 2010 to assess the efficiency of a spray combining copper with a specially formulated, hydrating wax (WashGard?) (WG). Using a 21-day spray schedule for the season, fruit were sprayed with WG + Cu, Cu and Control (no spray). Fruit from trees sprayed with WG + Cu had approximately 10 and17% more canker free fruit in 2009 and 2010 respectively compared to trees sprayed with copper alone. Compared to control trees the canker free fruit incidence was increased by ≈10% in 2009 and 57% in 2010. For melanose there was 40% more disease free fruit (treated) over fruit from trees with no treatment in 2009 and approximately 20% more in 2010. Controlling infection with this spray significantly reduces citrus canker and melanose, increasing the percentage of marketable fruit.展开更多
Spray drift has become an important issue in pesticide application. Vineyard spraying is particularly interesting to consider, as pesticide droplets are not directed towards the ground but rather towards the targeted ...Spray drift has become an important issue in pesticide application. Vineyard spraying is particularly interesting to consider, as pesticide droplets are not directed towards the ground but rather towards the targeted crop. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nozzle orientation on droplet size and droplet velocity using three different nozzles （IDK, TVI and TXA） used in vineyards. Two series of measurement were performed in order to assess the effect of the gravity on sprays. Droplet size and one-dimensional droplet velocity characteristics were measured using a phase Doppler particle analyser （PDPA）. Two planes, i.e., one horizontal and one vertical, were considered. Results suggest that the nozzle orientation slightly affects the size distribution, which is shifted towards larger droplets when nozzles spray horizontally compared to vertically spray, However, droplet axial velocity distribution is shifted towards lower values. Supposing that the only droplets which can reach the crop are those with an axial velocity greater than 1 m/s and a diameter larger than 100 lain, results showed significant differences according to the nozzle and orientation. More than 98.6% of the spray volume would reach the target whatever the orientation of the IDK nozzle, 78.8% of the spray volume would reach the crop when the TVI nozzle sprays horizontally, while only 16.0% of the spray volume would reach the crop when TXA nozzle sprays horizontally. This paper offers new perspectives in the comprehension and the optimization of the deposition process into the vegetation based from droplet size and velocity profiles from horizontally oriented sprays from flat fan or hollow cone nozzles.展开更多
Background:The present study aimed to develop a film-forming spray containing an epigallocatechin-3-gallate:Dexolve complex(FFS-EGCG:Dexolve)for site-specific treatment of throat cancer using newer excipients.Methods:...Background:The present study aimed to develop a film-forming spray containing an epigallocatechin-3-gallate:Dexolve complex(FFS-EGCG:Dexolve)for site-specific treatment of throat cancer using newer excipients.Methods:EGCG was used to treat throat cancer.The permeability of EGCG was improved by amalgamating with Kleptose/Dexolve.The screened complex was loaded into a film-forming spray solution.Quality by design(QbD)was utilized to develop FFS-EGCG:Dexolve,including HPMC E5 and Lycoat.A risk estimation matrix(REM)was utilized to scrutinize critical quality attributes(CQAs)and critical material attributes(CMAs),and a correlation was developed via a Box–Behnken design(BBD).FFS-EGCG:Dexolve was characterized for its in vitro and ex vivo characteristics.Results:EGCG:Dexolve(1:3)had excellent physical properties and 90.83±0.07%permeability.Through an REM,the film formation time and%EGCG released were screened as CQAs,whereas the amounts of HPMC E5,Lycoat,and Dexolve were chosen as CMAs.The amounts of HPMC E5,Lycoat,and Dexolve were considered crucial for designing FFS-EGCG:Dexolve,as determined by the BBD.FFS-EGCG:Dexolve formed instant films,covered a relatively large surface area,and had a long residence time,and controlled EGCG release was achieved for>6 h.The optimal batch comprising HPMC E5(11.98 mg),Lycoat(10.09 mg),and Dexolve(163.5 mg)had excellent spray characteristics,formed a film in 82 s,and released 85.39%EGCG in a controlled manner.Conclusion:A novel FFS-EGCG:Dexolve complex was developed to explore the novel excipients Lycoat,HPMC E5,and Dexolve.The throat-targeted film-forming spray developed a film quickly and released>85%EGCG in 6 h.The novel FFS-EGCG:Dexolve complex was formulated for site specificity and intelligent technologies to achieve better therapeutic efficacy.Patient-centric formulations have excellent industrial and social impacts.展开更多
Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivale...Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivalence ratio(Φ)on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)system.For ternary systems,electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP)and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions.Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP)formed a protective layer on Al and NH_(4)CoF_(3)particles,improving dispersion,hydrophobicity(water contact angle increased by 80.5%compared to physically mixed composites),and corrosion resistance.Thermal decomposition of NH_(4)CoF_(3)occurred at 265℃,releasing NH_(3)and HF,which triggered exothermic reactions with Al.The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release,attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition.Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)achieved self-sustaining combustion.In addition,a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant,demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field.This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable,high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.展开更多
In this work,a novel surface strengthening strategy for Mg-Li alloys was proposed,called cold spraying assisted high-speed laser cladding.CuAl9 aluminum bronze coating was firstly deposited on Mg-Li alloy by cold spra...In this work,a novel surface strengthening strategy for Mg-Li alloys was proposed,called cold spraying assisted high-speed laser cladding.CuAl9 aluminum bronze coating was firstly deposited on Mg-Li alloy by cold spraying,and then CoCrFe_(0.5)Ni_(1.5)Mo_(0.1)Nb_(0.68)eutectic highentropy alloy(EHEA)coating was prepared on the CuAl9 coating utilizing high-speed laser cladding.A gradient coating consisted of in-situ transition region and EHEA layer formed by bidirectional diffusion.The in-situ transition region was composed ofβ-Li,Cu_(2)Mg and Cu_(3)Al_(2)phases.TEM analysis indicated that Cu_(2)Mg and Cu_(3)Al_(2)phases were well matched with theβ-Li matrix phase.The EHEA coating had a nano-lamellar eutectic microstructure with relatively small lamellar-spacing(<100 nm).Metallurgical bonding interfaces formed between the EHEA coating,transition region and Mg-Li substrate.The evolution mechanism of the coating was revealed from the perspectives of mixing enthalpy,atomic radius difference and laser energy distribution.In 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,the corrosion potential of the EHEA coating(-24 m VSHE)was 1345 m VSHEhigher than that of Mg-Li alloy(-1369 m VSHE),while the corrosion current density of the EHEA coating(3.13×10^(-7)A·cm^(-2))was almost three orders of magnitude lower than that of Mg-Li alloy(1.25×10^(-4)A·cm^(-2)).The wear rate of Mg-Li alloy(1.11×10^(-3)mm^(3)/N·m)was about 36 times higher than that of the EHEA coating(3.05×10^(-5)mm^(3)/N·m).展开更多
To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conduct...To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.展开更多
To study the influence of silicon(Si)on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),NC/CL-20 composite explosives and Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosives were prepared by the electrostatic spraying ...To study the influence of silicon(Si)on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),NC/CL-20 composite explosives and Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosives were prepared by the electrostatic spraying method.The morphology,structure and thermal decomposition properties of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDS),infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and simultaneous thermal analyzer(TG-DSC).Additionally,the combustion process of the samples was tested using a high-speed camera.The results show that the addition of nano-Si contributes to the formation of composite explosives with regular morphology and smaller particle size.The Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive has better and more uniform sphericity,with an average particle size of 73.4 nm,compared to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive.The Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive which produced by the electrostatic spraying method,achieves physically uniform distribution of the components including NC,CL-20,Si.The addition of Si promotes the thermal decomposition of CL-20.In comparison to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive,the activation energy of the Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive decreases by 16.78 kJ/mol,and the self-accelerated decomposition temperature and the critical temperature of thermal explosion decreases by 3.12 K and 2.61 K,respectively.Furthermore,Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive has shorter ignition delay time and faster combustion rate compared to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive,which shows that Si can improve the combustion performance of CL-20.展开更多
The spraying robot for building exterior walls is an innovative technology in the field of modern construction.This paper discusses its design structure,application cases,technical benefits,and industrial impacts.Rese...The spraying robot for building exterior walls is an innovative technology in the field of modern construction.This paper discusses its design structure,application cases,technical benefits,and industrial impacts.Research shows that this type of robot improves the efficiency and quality of exterior wall construction.Its intelligent design enhances operation accuracy and safety,reduces costs and risks,and strengthens application ability in complex environments,showing broad application prospects and symbolizing the development trend of intelligence and automation in the industry.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen its intelligence and adaptive ability further,explore multi-function design,promote automation technology,and ensure construction safety and economic benefits.展开更多
The lining materials for blast furnaces have evolved from brick masonry to monolithic refractory materials.Monolithic castables are widely used in various industrial furnaces.The rapid development of silica sol materi...The lining materials for blast furnaces have evolved from brick masonry to monolithic refractory materials.Monolithic castables are widely used in various industrial furnaces.The rapid development of silica sol materials,combined with the commonly used construction methods of casting and spraying,offers greater flexibility,efficiency,environmental friendliness,and a longer lifespan.Typical monolithic refractory technologies,such as the integral casting technique for the furnace hearth,the pre-applied slag coating technique for the furnace belly and waist,and the inner lining gunning technique,are grounded in scientific theory and practice,thereby advancing the development of refractory materials and enhancing the operational quality of blast furnaces.展开更多
A new experimental method is developed to investigate the effect of dissolved substances on the evaporation rate of small water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.The laboratory setup is based on converting a genera...A new experimental method is developed to investigate the effect of dissolved substances on the evaporation rate of small water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.The laboratory setup is based on converting a generated droplet jet of complex structure into a directed flow of evaporating droplets falling in a vertical tube.Images of falling droplets captured by a high-speed camera through a window in the vertical channel wall are used to determine the sizes and velocities of individual droplets.The computational modeling of droplet motion and evaporation proved useful at all stages of the experimental work:from selecting the position of the vertical channel to processing the experimental data.It was found that even a 0.1%mass concentration of the dissolved ionic salt KCl has a considerable effect on decreasing the evaporation rate of the droplets.In contrast,a typical fungicide with a mass concentration of 2.5%has only a slight impact on the evaporation rate.The laboratory results enabled the authors to refine the evaporation model of water droplets to account for the presence of dissolved substances.Modified models of this type are expected to be useful in controling crop spraying and also in other potential applications.展开更多
Effect of SiC nanowires on performance ofatmosphereplasma sprayed Si coatings/Wang Bo,Zhuang Xinpeng,Li Gui,Wang Yulong,Li Yuanqi,Shi Wei,Li Jiayan//Naihuo Cailiao.-2024,58(5):369 Abstract:This work aims at improving ...Effect of SiC nanowires on performance ofatmosphereplasma sprayed Si coatings/Wang Bo,Zhuang Xinpeng,Li Gui,Wang Yulong,Li Yuanqi,Shi Wei,Li Jiayan//Naihuo Cailiao.-2024,58(5):369 Abstract:This work aims at improving the toughness of Si coatings in C/SiC composite surface and the bonding strength between them.展开更多
To investigate the differences in combustion and energy release characteristics of metastable intermolecular composite materials composed of aluminum alloys and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with different compositions...To investigate the differences in combustion and energy release characteristics of metastable intermolecular composite materials composed of aluminum alloys and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with different compositions,two types of alloys were selected:Al-Mg and Al-Si.Pure aluminum powder of the same size was also chosen for comparison.The PVDF-coated metal particle composites and the mixtures of PVDF with metal particles were prepared using electrospray(ES)and physical blending methods(PM),respectively.A systematic study was conducted on the morphology,compositional structure,combustion performance,energy release characteristics,and thermal reactivity of the fabricated composites and their combustion products through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),combustion performance experiments,closed vessel pressure tests,and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC).The experimental results indicated that the PVDF-coated metal particles prepared by the electrospray method exhibited a distinct core-shell structure,with the metal particles in close contact with the PVDF matrix.Compared to the PM blended materials,the ES composites demonstrated superior combustion performance and energy release characteristics during combustion.Analysis of different metal fuel systems under identical preparation conditions revealed that Al-Mg and Al-Si fuels modulate the combustion and energy release properties of aluminum alloy-PVDF MICs through two distinct pathways.展开更多
In order to prolong the service life of ZrO_(2) thermal barrier coatings,HS188 alloy was used as the substrate,and NiCrAlY powder(base layer,d_(50)=106μm)and yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ,d_(50)=50μm)were employed ...In order to prolong the service life of ZrO_(2) thermal barrier coatings,HS188 alloy was used as the substrate,and NiCrAlY powder(base layer,d_(50)=106μm)and yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ,d_(50)=50μm)were employed as the sprayed feeder to prepare NiCrALY+YSZ thermal barrier coatings using high-energy plasma spraying equipment with a progressive exploration method.The microstructure of the coatings was controlled by adjusting the stand-off distance(85,95,105 and 115 mm)and air-cooling manner(rear air cooling,rear air cooling+gun cooling,front air cooling,and front air cooling+gun cooling).The bonding strength of the coatings was evaluated by the drawing method.The results indicate that under the conditions of long stand-off distance and low cooling rate,it is difficult for the coatings to form a vertical crack structure due to the low instantaneous heating temperature and insufficient quenching on the sample surface.However,when the instantaneous heating temperature reaches the critical value and the air cooling rate is excessive,un-melted spray particles exist.When the stand-off distance is 85 mm and the cooling method is front air cooling,a thermal barrier ceramic coating with vertical crack morphology was obtained on HS188 alloy.Simultaneously,it has a moderate density of vertical cracks,the highest bonding strength and the best toughness.展开更多
Nanostructured Al_(2)O_(3)-10wt.%TiO_(2)-nCeO_(2)ceramic coatings(where n is 0 wt.%,0.2 wt.%,0.5 wt.%,and 0.8 wt.%)were prepared on a 304 stainless steel substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying.The phase compositi...Nanostructured Al_(2)O_(3)-10wt.%TiO_(2)-nCeO_(2)ceramic coatings(where n is 0 wt.%,0.2 wt.%,0.5 wt.%,and 0.8 wt.%)were prepared on a 304 stainless steel substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying.The phase composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope.The corrosion resistance of the coatings was as-sessed through electrochemical experiments and chloride ion corrosion tests.The results indicated that the coatings comprised both partially and fully melted regions,with spherical particles and pores present on the coating surfaces.The incorporation of CeO_(2)en-hanced the melting of the sprayed powder during the spraying process.When the CeO_(2)content was 0.2 wt.%,the melting of the sprayed powder was optimal.The porosity of the coating was minimized to 2.45%.CeO_(2)also positively influenced the grain refine-ment of the coating;at 0.2 wt.%CeO_(2),the grain size was at its minimum.The grain size of this coating was calculated to be 21.135 nm using the Scherrer formula.This coating demonstrated the best corrosion resistance,with a corrosion potential of-596.31 mV and a corrosion current density of 1.65×10^(-6)A/cm^(2),resulting in a weight loss of 0.0170 g due to chloride ion corrosion.展开更多
To investigate the effects of the spraying process and different fibers on the mechanical properties and failure patterns of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC),three types of fibers were used.These fibers were forme...To investigate the effects of the spraying process and different fibers on the mechanical properties and failure patterns of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC),three types of fibers were used.These fibers were formed using both spraying and molding methods.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted,and two nondestructive monitoring techniques,acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation,were employed to monitor the uniaxial compression tests.The results indicated that the compressive strength of UHPC with single steel fibers and hybrid fibers increased by about 19%and 14%compared with those of UHPC with polyoxymethylene fibers.In comparison with molded UHPC,sprayed UHPC showed a slight improvement in compressive strength.Specimens containing steel fibers exhibited better post-cracking ductility,whereas those with only polyoxymethylene fibers displayed a certain degree of brittle failure.In sprayed UHPC,the onset of significant internal damage was delayed,which was related to the redistribution of internal fibers.The failure of UHPC was characterized by primary tensile cracks,supplemented by shear cracks.The spraying process can better restrict the development of tensile cracks in UHPC.Sprayed UHPC typically exhibited multiple crack developments leading to failure,whereas molded UHPC generally failed in the form of a single main crack penetrating the specimen.The addition of steel fibers delayed the occurrence of local stress concentration zones,aligning well with AE monitoring data.展开更多
AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiSi high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings have been prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying,and the microstructure,mechanical properties as well as wear behaviors of the two HEA coatings were ...AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiSi high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings have been prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying,and the microstructure,mechanical properties as well as wear behaviors of the two HEA coatings were studied.With Si element addition,the surface and cross-sectional microstructure of HEA coating are refined,and it was found that both HEA coatings have a body-centered cubic structure,and the X-ray diffraction peaks of AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating deviate to the right.The microhardness,bonding strength nanohardness and elastic modulus of AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating increased with addition of Si element due to the fact that Si promotes uniformly distribution of other elements.In terms of wear properties,coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced with Si element addition,and the two HEA coatings have similar wear mechanism at the same loads.And at lower loads,the wear mechanism is abrasive wear,adhesive and slight oxidative wear,it is turn to oxidative wear and severe abrasive wear while the load is increased.The AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating has a higher corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density,indicating improved corrosion resistance.This enhancement is attributed to the presence of Si,which reduces interatomic spacing and results in a more compact atomic arrangement.Consequently,element migration and chemical reactions are reduced,leading to the formation of a denser and more uniform passivation film.展开更多
Garnet-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)were considered as the most promising energy storage device due to their high energy density and good safety.However,interface problems caused by impurities such a...Garnet-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)were considered as the most promising energy storage device due to their high energy density and good safety.However,interface problems caused by impurities such as Li_(2)CO_(3) on the surface still hinder the practical application of garnet-based ASSLBs.Here,we use a simple ultrasonic spraying method to coat SiO_(2) on the Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)surface,and in-situ construct Li_(4)SiO_(4)/Li_(2) O/Li_(2)1 Si5 nano-multifunctional interlayer through the high-temperature conversion reaction of SiO_(2).Experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the introduced Li_(4)SiO_(4)/Li_(2) O/Li_(2)1 Si_(5) nano-multifunctional interlayer at the LLZTO/Li interface can significantly improve the air stability and interface contact of LLZTO/Li.As a result,the interface impedance of Li/SiO_(2)@LLZTO/Li was reduced to 24.2Ωcm^(-2),and it can operate stably over 2400 and 1000 h at current densities of 0.05 and 0.2 mA cm^(−2),respectively.The full cell assembled with LiFePO_(4)(LFP)as cathode(Li/SiO_(2)@LLZTO/LFP)also exhibits excellent cycling performance(capacity retention rate of 95%after 50 cycles at 0.1 C)and rate performance(140 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C and 107 mAh g−1 at 1 C).This research provides a strategy to improve interface problems and achieve dendrite-free ASSLBs through in-situ transformation constructed nano-multifunctional interlayers.展开更多
This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychu...This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.展开更多
The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarl...The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarland’and‘Top Stellina’)after 0(S0),7(S7)and 14 days(S14)of storage at 8.0°C.On the average of the 3 genotypes,the KH_(2)PO_(4)treatment improved fruit pressure firmness,total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA),total phenols and carotenoids concentrations,along with the fruits'antioxidant capacity(by up to 17%for FRAP assay).Within the S7–S14 period,control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS,TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids(-17,-12 and-45,respectively),whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH(+12%).Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH_(2)PO_(4)application,including the aldehydes hexanal,(E)-2-hexenal and(Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids(E)-citral,(E)-β-ionone,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.Proceeding from S0 to S14,several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits,as for hexanal(-48%)and total aldehydes(-42%,whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(1.06,52.50 and 79.27μg·kg^(-1),respectively).‘Caravaggio’demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14,whereas‘Top Stellina’was more responsive to KH_(2)PO_(4)(mainly forβ-cyclocitral,geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids),thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors.Nonetheless,these results suggest that proper preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)applications can preserve specific commercial,nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Basic Research Funds of Beijing Institute of Technology (20081642007)
文摘The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.
文摘Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a bacterial disease of citrus and results in peel blemishes rendering fresh fruit unsalable. Xcc is most active in warm, wet Florida summers where tissues are infected during periods of active growth. Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is common in citrus producing countries, but, like canker, is only important for fresh market fruit. To control canker and melanose, Florida growers spray trees with copper formulations (Cu), but these sprays are removed by strong rains and intense radiation of Florida summers. A study was undertaken in FL commercial grapefruit groves in 2009 and 2010 to assess the efficiency of a spray combining copper with a specially formulated, hydrating wax (WashGard?) (WG). Using a 21-day spray schedule for the season, fruit were sprayed with WG + Cu, Cu and Control (no spray). Fruit from trees sprayed with WG + Cu had approximately 10 and17% more canker free fruit in 2009 and 2010 respectively compared to trees sprayed with copper alone. Compared to control trees the canker free fruit incidence was increased by ≈10% in 2009 and 57% in 2010. For melanose there was 40% more disease free fruit (treated) over fruit from trees with no treatment in 2009 and approximately 20% more in 2010. Controlling infection with this spray significantly reduces citrus canker and melanose, increasing the percentage of marketable fruit.
文摘Spray drift has become an important issue in pesticide application. Vineyard spraying is particularly interesting to consider, as pesticide droplets are not directed towards the ground but rather towards the targeted crop. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nozzle orientation on droplet size and droplet velocity using three different nozzles （IDK, TVI and TXA） used in vineyards. Two series of measurement were performed in order to assess the effect of the gravity on sprays. Droplet size and one-dimensional droplet velocity characteristics were measured using a phase Doppler particle analyser （PDPA）. Two planes, i.e., one horizontal and one vertical, were considered. Results suggest that the nozzle orientation slightly affects the size distribution, which is shifted towards larger droplets when nozzles spray horizontally compared to vertically spray, However, droplet axial velocity distribution is shifted towards lower values. Supposing that the only droplets which can reach the crop are those with an axial velocity greater than 1 m/s and a diameter larger than 100 lain, results showed significant differences according to the nozzle and orientation. More than 98.6% of the spray volume would reach the target whatever the orientation of the IDK nozzle, 78.8% of the spray volume would reach the crop when the TVI nozzle sprays horizontally, while only 16.0% of the spray volume would reach the crop when TXA nozzle sprays horizontally. This paper offers new perspectives in the comprehension and the optimization of the deposition process into the vegetation based from droplet size and velocity profiles from horizontally oriented sprays from flat fan or hollow cone nozzles.
文摘Background:The present study aimed to develop a film-forming spray containing an epigallocatechin-3-gallate:Dexolve complex(FFS-EGCG:Dexolve)for site-specific treatment of throat cancer using newer excipients.Methods:EGCG was used to treat throat cancer.The permeability of EGCG was improved by amalgamating with Kleptose/Dexolve.The screened complex was loaded into a film-forming spray solution.Quality by design(QbD)was utilized to develop FFS-EGCG:Dexolve,including HPMC E5 and Lycoat.A risk estimation matrix(REM)was utilized to scrutinize critical quality attributes(CQAs)and critical material attributes(CMAs),and a correlation was developed via a Box–Behnken design(BBD).FFS-EGCG:Dexolve was characterized for its in vitro and ex vivo characteristics.Results:EGCG:Dexolve(1:3)had excellent physical properties and 90.83±0.07%permeability.Through an REM,the film formation time and%EGCG released were screened as CQAs,whereas the amounts of HPMC E5,Lycoat,and Dexolve were chosen as CMAs.The amounts of HPMC E5,Lycoat,and Dexolve were considered crucial for designing FFS-EGCG:Dexolve,as determined by the BBD.FFS-EGCG:Dexolve formed instant films,covered a relatively large surface area,and had a long residence time,and controlled EGCG release was achieved for>6 h.The optimal batch comprising HPMC E5(11.98 mg),Lycoat(10.09 mg),and Dexolve(163.5 mg)had excellent spray characteristics,formed a film in 82 s,and released 85.39%EGCG in a controlled manner.Conclusion:A novel FFS-EGCG:Dexolve complex was developed to explore the novel excipients Lycoat,HPMC E5,and Dexolve.The throat-targeted film-forming spray developed a film quickly and released>85%EGCG in 6 h.The novel FFS-EGCG:Dexolve complex was formulated for site specificity and intelligent technologies to achieve better therapeutic efficacy.Patient-centric formulations have excellent industrial and social impacts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51706105)。
文摘Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)-Φ(Φ=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 3.0)binary composites and Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)ternary composites are fabricated via ultrasonication-assisted blending and electrostatic spraying.The effect of equivalence ratio(Φ)on the reaction properties is systematically investigated in the binary Al/NH_(4)CoF_(3)system.For ternary systems,electrostatic spraying allows both components to be efficiently encapsulated by P(VDF-HFP)and to achieve structural stabilization and enhanced reactivity through synergistic interfacial interactions.Morphological analysis using SEM/TEM revealed that P(VDF-HFP)formed a protective layer on Al and NH_(4)CoF_(3)particles,improving dispersion,hydrophobicity(water contact angle increased by 80.5%compared to physically mixed composites),and corrosion resistance.Thermal decomposition of NH_(4)CoF_(3)occurred at 265℃,releasing NH_(3)and HF,which triggered exothermic reactions with Al.The ternary composites exhibited a narrowed main reaction temperature range and concentrated heat release,attributed to improved interfacial contact and polymer decomposition.Combustion tests demonstrated that Al-NH_(4)CoF_(3)@P(VDF-HFP)achieved self-sustaining combustion.In addition,a simple validation was done by replacing the Al component in the aluminium-containing propellant,demonstrating its potential application in the propellant field.This work establishes a novel strategy for designing stable,high-energy composites with potential applications in advanced propulsion systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975137,52205189)。
文摘In this work,a novel surface strengthening strategy for Mg-Li alloys was proposed,called cold spraying assisted high-speed laser cladding.CuAl9 aluminum bronze coating was firstly deposited on Mg-Li alloy by cold spraying,and then CoCrFe_(0.5)Ni_(1.5)Mo_(0.1)Nb_(0.68)eutectic highentropy alloy(EHEA)coating was prepared on the CuAl9 coating utilizing high-speed laser cladding.A gradient coating consisted of in-situ transition region and EHEA layer formed by bidirectional diffusion.The in-situ transition region was composed ofβ-Li,Cu_(2)Mg and Cu_(3)Al_(2)phases.TEM analysis indicated that Cu_(2)Mg and Cu_(3)Al_(2)phases were well matched with theβ-Li matrix phase.The EHEA coating had a nano-lamellar eutectic microstructure with relatively small lamellar-spacing(<100 nm).Metallurgical bonding interfaces formed between the EHEA coating,transition region and Mg-Li substrate.The evolution mechanism of the coating was revealed from the perspectives of mixing enthalpy,atomic radius difference and laser energy distribution.In 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,the corrosion potential of the EHEA coating(-24 m VSHE)was 1345 m VSHEhigher than that of Mg-Li alloy(-1369 m VSHE),while the corrosion current density of the EHEA coating(3.13×10^(-7)A·cm^(-2))was almost three orders of magnitude lower than that of Mg-Li alloy(1.25×10^(-4)A·cm^(-2)).The wear rate of Mg-Li alloy(1.11×10^(-3)mm^(3)/N·m)was about 36 times higher than that of the EHEA coating(3.05×10^(-5)mm^(3)/N·m).
文摘To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275150)。
文摘To study the influence of silicon(Si)on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),NC/CL-20 composite explosives and Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosives were prepared by the electrostatic spraying method.The morphology,structure and thermal decomposition properties of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDS),infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and simultaneous thermal analyzer(TG-DSC).Additionally,the combustion process of the samples was tested using a high-speed camera.The results show that the addition of nano-Si contributes to the formation of composite explosives with regular morphology and smaller particle size.The Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive has better and more uniform sphericity,with an average particle size of 73.4 nm,compared to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive.The Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive which produced by the electrostatic spraying method,achieves physically uniform distribution of the components including NC,CL-20,Si.The addition of Si promotes the thermal decomposition of CL-20.In comparison to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive,the activation energy of the Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive decreases by 16.78 kJ/mol,and the self-accelerated decomposition temperature and the critical temperature of thermal explosion decreases by 3.12 K and 2.61 K,respectively.Furthermore,Si/NC/CL-20 composite explosive has shorter ignition delay time and faster combustion rate compared to the NC/CL-20 composite explosive,which shows that Si can improve the combustion performance of CL-20.
基金Design and Research of Intelligent Construction Device for the“Water-in-Sand”Process of High-Rise Building Exterior Wall(Project No.2022KQNCX189)。
文摘The spraying robot for building exterior walls is an innovative technology in the field of modern construction.This paper discusses its design structure,application cases,technical benefits,and industrial impacts.Research shows that this type of robot improves the efficiency and quality of exterior wall construction.Its intelligent design enhances operation accuracy and safety,reduces costs and risks,and strengthens application ability in complex environments,showing broad application prospects and symbolizing the development trend of intelligence and automation in the industry.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen its intelligence and adaptive ability further,explore multi-function design,promote automation technology,and ensure construction safety and economic benefits.
文摘The lining materials for blast furnaces have evolved from brick masonry to monolithic refractory materials.Monolithic castables are widely used in various industrial furnaces.The rapid development of silica sol materials,combined with the commonly used construction methods of casting and spraying,offers greater flexibility,efficiency,environmental friendliness,and a longer lifespan.Typical monolithic refractory technologies,such as the integral casting technique for the furnace hearth,the pre-applied slag coating technique for the furnace belly and waist,and the inner lining gunning technique,are grounded in scientific theory and practice,thereby advancing the development of refractory materials and enhancing the operational quality of blast furnaces.
基金financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation(project No.24-29-00303:https://rscf.ru/project/24-29-00303/,accessed on 01 July 2025).
文摘A new experimental method is developed to investigate the effect of dissolved substances on the evaporation rate of small water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.The laboratory setup is based on converting a generated droplet jet of complex structure into a directed flow of evaporating droplets falling in a vertical tube.Images of falling droplets captured by a high-speed camera through a window in the vertical channel wall are used to determine the sizes and velocities of individual droplets.The computational modeling of droplet motion and evaporation proved useful at all stages of the experimental work:from selecting the position of the vertical channel to processing the experimental data.It was found that even a 0.1%mass concentration of the dissolved ionic salt KCl has a considerable effect on decreasing the evaporation rate of the droplets.In contrast,a typical fungicide with a mass concentration of 2.5%has only a slight impact on the evaporation rate.The laboratory results enabled the authors to refine the evaporation model of water droplets to account for the presence of dissolved substances.Modified models of this type are expected to be useful in controling crop spraying and also in other potential applications.
文摘Effect of SiC nanowires on performance ofatmosphereplasma sprayed Si coatings/Wang Bo,Zhuang Xinpeng,Li Gui,Wang Yulong,Li Yuanqi,Shi Wei,Li Jiayan//Naihuo Cailiao.-2024,58(5):369 Abstract:This work aims at improving the toughness of Si coatings in C/SiC composite surface and the bonding strength between them.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.52176114 and 52306145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230929)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731693)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant No.30924010505Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talentthe Center of Analytical Facilities,Nanjing University of Science and Technology for providing technical equipment support for this article。
文摘To investigate the differences in combustion and energy release characteristics of metastable intermolecular composite materials composed of aluminum alloys and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with different compositions,two types of alloys were selected:Al-Mg and Al-Si.Pure aluminum powder of the same size was also chosen for comparison.The PVDF-coated metal particle composites and the mixtures of PVDF with metal particles were prepared using electrospray(ES)and physical blending methods(PM),respectively.A systematic study was conducted on the morphology,compositional structure,combustion performance,energy release characteristics,and thermal reactivity of the fabricated composites and their combustion products through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),combustion performance experiments,closed vessel pressure tests,and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC).The experimental results indicated that the PVDF-coated metal particles prepared by the electrospray method exhibited a distinct core-shell structure,with the metal particles in close contact with the PVDF matrix.Compared to the PM blended materials,the ES composites demonstrated superior combustion performance and energy release characteristics during combustion.Analysis of different metal fuel systems under identical preparation conditions revealed that Al-Mg and Al-Si fuels modulate the combustion and energy release properties of aluminum alloy-PVDF MICs through two distinct pathways.
文摘In order to prolong the service life of ZrO_(2) thermal barrier coatings,HS188 alloy was used as the substrate,and NiCrAlY powder(base layer,d_(50)=106μm)and yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ,d_(50)=50μm)were employed as the sprayed feeder to prepare NiCrALY+YSZ thermal barrier coatings using high-energy plasma spraying equipment with a progressive exploration method.The microstructure of the coatings was controlled by adjusting the stand-off distance(85,95,105 and 115 mm)and air-cooling manner(rear air cooling,rear air cooling+gun cooling,front air cooling,and front air cooling+gun cooling).The bonding strength of the coatings was evaluated by the drawing method.The results indicate that under the conditions of long stand-off distance and low cooling rate,it is difficult for the coatings to form a vertical crack structure due to the low instantaneous heating temperature and insufficient quenching on the sample surface.However,when the instantaneous heating temperature reaches the critical value and the air cooling rate is excessive,un-melted spray particles exist.When the stand-off distance is 85 mm and the cooling method is front air cooling,a thermal barrier ceramic coating with vertical crack morphology was obtained on HS188 alloy.Simultaneously,it has a moderate density of vertical cracks,the highest bonding strength and the best toughness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375387).
文摘Nanostructured Al_(2)O_(3)-10wt.%TiO_(2)-nCeO_(2)ceramic coatings(where n is 0 wt.%,0.2 wt.%,0.5 wt.%,and 0.8 wt.%)were prepared on a 304 stainless steel substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying.The phase composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope.The corrosion resistance of the coatings was as-sessed through electrochemical experiments and chloride ion corrosion tests.The results indicated that the coatings comprised both partially and fully melted regions,with spherical particles and pores present on the coating surfaces.The incorporation of CeO_(2)en-hanced the melting of the sprayed powder during the spraying process.When the CeO_(2)content was 0.2 wt.%,the melting of the sprayed powder was optimal.The porosity of the coating was minimized to 2.45%.CeO_(2)also positively influenced the grain refine-ment of the coating;at 0.2 wt.%CeO_(2),the grain size was at its minimum.The grain size of this coating was calculated to be 21.135 nm using the Scherrer formula.This coating demonstrated the best corrosion resistance,with a corrosion potential of-596.31 mV and a corrosion current density of 1.65×10^(-6)A/cm^(2),resulting in a weight loss of 0.0170 g due to chloride ion corrosion.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52379124)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2600200).
文摘To investigate the effects of the spraying process and different fibers on the mechanical properties and failure patterns of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC),three types of fibers were used.These fibers were formed using both spraying and molding methods.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted,and two nondestructive monitoring techniques,acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation,were employed to monitor the uniaxial compression tests.The results indicated that the compressive strength of UHPC with single steel fibers and hybrid fibers increased by about 19%and 14%compared with those of UHPC with polyoxymethylene fibers.In comparison with molded UHPC,sprayed UHPC showed a slight improvement in compressive strength.Specimens containing steel fibers exhibited better post-cracking ductility,whereas those with only polyoxymethylene fibers displayed a certain degree of brittle failure.In sprayed UHPC,the onset of significant internal damage was delayed,which was related to the redistribution of internal fibers.The failure of UHPC was characterized by primary tensile cracks,supplemented by shear cracks.The spraying process can better restrict the development of tensile cracks in UHPC.Sprayed UHPC typically exhibited multiple crack developments leading to failure,whereas molded UHPC generally failed in the form of a single main crack penetrating the specimen.The addition of steel fibers delayed the occurrence of local stress concentration zones,aligning well with AE monitoring data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175196 and 52275218)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3706600).
文摘AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiSi high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings have been prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying,and the microstructure,mechanical properties as well as wear behaviors of the two HEA coatings were studied.With Si element addition,the surface and cross-sectional microstructure of HEA coating are refined,and it was found that both HEA coatings have a body-centered cubic structure,and the X-ray diffraction peaks of AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating deviate to the right.The microhardness,bonding strength nanohardness and elastic modulus of AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating increased with addition of Si element due to the fact that Si promotes uniformly distribution of other elements.In terms of wear properties,coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced with Si element addition,and the two HEA coatings have similar wear mechanism at the same loads.And at lower loads,the wear mechanism is abrasive wear,adhesive and slight oxidative wear,it is turn to oxidative wear and severe abrasive wear while the load is increased.The AlCoCrFeNiSi HEA coating has a higher corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density,indicating improved corrosion resistance.This enhancement is attributed to the presence of Si,which reduces interatomic spacing and results in a more compact atomic arrangement.Consequently,element migration and chemical reactions are reduced,leading to the formation of a denser and more uniform passivation film.
基金The Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2022SHFZ093)sHainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.120RC455)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61901142)the Program of Hainan Association for Science and Technology Plans to Youth R&D Innovation(No.QCXM202014)are acknowledged.
文摘Garnet-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)were considered as the most promising energy storage device due to their high energy density and good safety.However,interface problems caused by impurities such as Li_(2)CO_(3) on the surface still hinder the practical application of garnet-based ASSLBs.Here,we use a simple ultrasonic spraying method to coat SiO_(2) on the Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)surface,and in-situ construct Li_(4)SiO_(4)/Li_(2) O/Li_(2)1 Si5 nano-multifunctional interlayer through the high-temperature conversion reaction of SiO_(2).Experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the introduced Li_(4)SiO_(4)/Li_(2) O/Li_(2)1 Si_(5) nano-multifunctional interlayer at the LLZTO/Li interface can significantly improve the air stability and interface contact of LLZTO/Li.As a result,the interface impedance of Li/SiO_(2)@LLZTO/Li was reduced to 24.2Ωcm^(-2),and it can operate stably over 2400 and 1000 h at current densities of 0.05 and 0.2 mA cm^(−2),respectively.The full cell assembled with LiFePO_(4)(LFP)as cathode(Li/SiO_(2)@LLZTO/LFP)also exhibits excellent cycling performance(capacity retention rate of 95%after 50 cycles at 0.1 C)and rate performance(140 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C and 107 mAh g−1 at 1 C).This research provides a strategy to improve interface problems and achieve dendrite-free ASSLBs through in-situ transformation constructed nano-multifunctional interlayers.
文摘This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.
基金funded by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3—Call for proposals No.341 of 15 March 2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU,Award Number:Project code PE00000003Concession Decree No.1550 of 11 October 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP E63C22002060006+1 种基金Project title“ON Foods—Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability,Safety and Security—Working ON Foodsfunded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)under the project“Conservabilità,qualitàe sicurezza dei prodotti ortofrutticoli ad alto contenuto di servizio-ARS01_00640–POFACS”(Grant Nos.D.D.1211/2020 and 1104/2021).
文摘The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarland’and‘Top Stellina’)after 0(S0),7(S7)and 14 days(S14)of storage at 8.0°C.On the average of the 3 genotypes,the KH_(2)PO_(4)treatment improved fruit pressure firmness,total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA),total phenols and carotenoids concentrations,along with the fruits'antioxidant capacity(by up to 17%for FRAP assay).Within the S7–S14 period,control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS,TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids(-17,-12 and-45,respectively),whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH(+12%).Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH_(2)PO_(4)application,including the aldehydes hexanal,(E)-2-hexenal and(Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids(E)-citral,(E)-β-ionone,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.Proceeding from S0 to S14,several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits,as for hexanal(-48%)and total aldehydes(-42%,whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(1.06,52.50 and 79.27μg·kg^(-1),respectively).‘Caravaggio’demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14,whereas‘Top Stellina’was more responsive to KH_(2)PO_(4)(mainly forβ-cyclocitral,geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids),thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors.Nonetheless,these results suggest that proper preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)applications can preserve specific commercial,nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.
