Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen e...Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.展开更多
Herein,we have developed a straightforward wet-chemical method to synthesize a series of Pd-based alloy nanowires(NWs),including Pd Pt NWs,Pd Au NWs,Pd Ir NWs,and Pd Ru NWs,which exhibits high mass activity and turnov...Herein,we have developed a straightforward wet-chemical method to synthesize a series of Pd-based alloy nanowires(NWs),including Pd Pt NWs,Pd Au NWs,Pd Ir NWs,and Pd Ru NWs,which exhibits high mass activity and turnover frequency(TOF) for HER,surpassing Pt/C by 4.6-fold and 1.5-fold in acidic and alkaline electrolytes,respectively.It also demonstrates high stability in alkaline electrolyte at a current density of 220 m A/cm^(2) for 280 h,highlighting its potential for practical applications under industrial current conditions.Pd Pt NWs exhibited ultrathin structures with head-to-tail kinks and inherent defects,significantly increasing the density of active sites and precisely tuning the electronic structure,which could accelerate reaction kinetics and boost water-splitting electrocatalytic performance.This study highlights the potential of Pd Pt NWs as highly efficient catalysts,offering outstanding catalytic performance and stability for practical applications.展开更多
The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix sp...The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix splitting methods.Taking the decomposition of the diagonal elements for coefficient matrix as the key point,some new preconditioners are constructed.Taking the tri-diagonal coefficient matrix as an example,the convergence domains and optimal relaxation factor of the new method are analyzed theoretically.The presented new iteration methods are applied to solve linear algebraic equations,even 2D and 3D diffusion problems with the fully implicit discretization.The results of numerical experiments are matched with the theoretical analysis,and show that the iteration numbers are reduced greatly.The superiorities of presented iteration methods exceed some classical iteration methods dramatically.展开更多
High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environm...High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273056)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.YDZJ202501ZYTS305)。
文摘Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21805170,22172093)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos.ZR2023QB219,ZR2021QB161)Qingdao Postdoctoral Innovation Project (No.QDBSH20220202031)。
文摘Herein,we have developed a straightforward wet-chemical method to synthesize a series of Pd-based alloy nanowires(NWs),including Pd Pt NWs,Pd Au NWs,Pd Ir NWs,and Pd Ru NWs,which exhibits high mass activity and turnover frequency(TOF) for HER,surpassing Pt/C by 4.6-fold and 1.5-fold in acidic and alkaline electrolytes,respectively.It also demonstrates high stability in alkaline electrolyte at a current density of 220 m A/cm^(2) for 280 h,highlighting its potential for practical applications under industrial current conditions.Pd Pt NWs exhibited ultrathin structures with head-to-tail kinks and inherent defects,significantly increasing the density of active sites and precisely tuning the electronic structure,which could accelerate reaction kinetics and boost water-splitting electrocatalytic performance.This study highlights the potential of Pd Pt NWs as highly efficient catalysts,offering outstanding catalytic performance and stability for practical applications.
基金The National Natural Science Foundations of China (12202219)the Natural Science Foundations of Ningxia (2024AAC02009, 2023AAC05001)the Ningxia Youth Top Talents Training Project。
文摘The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix splitting methods.Taking the decomposition of the diagonal elements for coefficient matrix as the key point,some new preconditioners are constructed.Taking the tri-diagonal coefficient matrix as an example,the convergence domains and optimal relaxation factor of the new method are analyzed theoretically.The presented new iteration methods are applied to solve linear algebraic equations,even 2D and 3D diffusion problems with the fully implicit discretization.The results of numerical experiments are matched with the theoretical analysis,and show that the iteration numbers are reduced greatly.The superiorities of presented iteration methods exceed some classical iteration methods dramatically.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Projects(DP220101139,DP220101142,and LP240100542).
文摘High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.
