裂缝型储层是一种含流体的裂缝-孔隙介质,其裂缝参数的定量表征对非常规油气藏的勘探与开发具有重要意义。然而,传统以振幅信息为主的储层预测方法存在局限性,难以全面揭示裂缝型储层的复杂特性。本文针对含饱和流体的正交裂缝型储层,...裂缝型储层是一种含流体的裂缝-孔隙介质,其裂缝参数的定量表征对非常规油气藏的勘探与开发具有重要意义。然而,传统以振幅信息为主的储层预测方法存在局限性,难以全面揭示裂缝型储层的复杂特性。本文针对含饱和流体的正交裂缝型储层,深入分析了含水平和垂直正交裂缝介质的速度频散与衰减特性,并采用各向异性反射率法模拟了单界面频散砂岩储层振幅随偏移距变化(amplitude variation with offset,AVO)的频变响应特征。在此基础上,构建了以水平和垂直正交裂缝模型响应为驱动的贝叶斯反演框架,实现了对裂缝型储层中孔隙度、裂缝密度及裂缝半径的多参数定量反演。研究结果表明,孔隙度、裂缝密度及裂缝半径对速度频散表现出高度敏感性,且在低频时PP波频变反射系数随频率和入射角发生显著变化,振幅随入射角的增大线性增加,揭示了裂缝参数对频变AVO响应有重要影响。反演结果表明,所提出的反演方法在不同裂缝参数条件下,后验概率分布都具有较高精度,尤其在小尺度裂缝型储层中,对裂缝半径预测表现出更好的适用性和可靠性。展开更多
The brittleness index(BI)is crucial for predicting engineering sweet spots and designing fracturing operations in shale oil reservoir exploration and development.Seismic amplitude variation with offset(AVO)inversion i...The brittleness index(BI)is crucial for predicting engineering sweet spots and designing fracturing operations in shale oil reservoir exploration and development.Seismic amplitude variation with offset(AVO)inversion is commonly used to obtain the BI.Traditionally,velocity,density,and other parameters are firstly inverted,and the BI is then calculated,which often leads to accumulated errors.Moreover,due to the limited of well-log data in field work areas,AVO inversion typically faces the challenge of limited information,resulting in not high accuracy of BI derived by existing AVO inversion methods.To address these issues,we first derive an AVO forward approximation equation that directly characterizes the BI in P-wave reflection coefficients.Based on this,an intelligent AVO inversion method,which combines the advantages of traditional and intelligent approaches,for directly obtaining the BI is proposed.A TransUnet model is constructed to establish the strong nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic data and the BI.By incorporating a combined objective function that is constrained by both low-frequency parameters and training samples,the challenge of limited samples is effectively addressed,and the direct inversion of the BI is stably achieved.Tests on model data and applications on field data demonstrate the feasibility,advancement,and practicality of the proposed method.展开更多
The study involved the evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of FORMAT Field, coastal swamp depobelt Niger delta, Nigeria to obtain a more efficient reservoir characterization and fluid properties identification. De...The study involved the evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of FORMAT Field, coastal swamp depobelt Niger delta, Nigeria to obtain a more efficient reservoir characterization and fluid properties identification. Despite advances in seismic data interpretation using traditional 3D seismic data interpretation, obtaining adequate reservoir characteristics at the finest level had proved very challenging with often disappointing results. A method that integrates the amplitude variation with offfset (AVO) analysis is hereby proposed to better illuminate the reservoir. The Hampson Russell 10.3 was used to integrate and study the available seismic and well data. The reservoir of interest was delineated using the available suite of petrophysical data. This was marked by low gamma ray, high resistivity, and low acoustic impedance between a true subsea vertical depth (TVDss) range of 10,350 - 10,450 ft. The AVO fluid substitution yielded a decrease in the density values of pure gas (2.3 - 1.6 g/cc), pure oil (2.3 - 1.8 g/cc) while the Poisson pure brine increased (2.3 to 2.8 g/cc). Result from FORMAT 26 plots yielded a negative intercept and negative gradient at the top and a positive intercept and positive gradient at the Base which conforms to Class III AVO anomaly. FORMAT 30 plots yielded a negative intercept and positive gradient at the top and a positive intercept and negative gradient at the Base which conforms to class IV AVO anomaly. AVO attribute volume slices decreased in the Poisson ratio (0.96 to - 1.0) indicating that the reservoir contains hydrocarbon. The s-wave reflectivity and the product of the intercept and gradient further clarified that there was a Class 3 gas sand in the reservoir and the possibility of a Class 4 gas sand anomaly in that same reservoir.展开更多
The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the informatio...The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the information of formation pressure can be response in the seismic data. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the formation pressure using time-lapse seismic method. Apart from formation pressure, the information of porosity and CO_(2) saturation can be reflected in the seismic data. Here, based on the actual situation of the work area, a rockphysical model is proposed to address the feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring during CO_(2) storage in the anisotropic formation. The model takes into account the formation pressure, variety minerals composition, fracture, fluid inhomogeneous distribution, and anisotropy caused by horizontal layering of rock layers(or oriented alignment of minerals). From the proposed rockphysical model and the well-logging, cores and geological data at the target layer, the variation of P-wave and S-wave velocity with formation pressure after CO_(2) injection is calculated. And so are the effects of porosity and CO_(2) saturation. Finally, from anisotropic exact reflection coefficient equation, the reflection coefficients under different formation pressures are calculated. It is proved that the reflection coefficient varies with pressure. Compared with CO_(2) saturation, the pressure has a greater effect on the reflection coefficient. Through the convolution model, the seismic record is calculated. The seismic record shows the difference with different formation pressure. At present, in the marine CO_(2) sequestration monitoring domain, there is no study involving the effect of formation pressure changes on seismic records in seafloor anisotropic formation. This study can provide a basis for the inversion of reservoir parameters in anisotropic seafloor CO_(2) reservoirs.展开更多
文摘裂缝型储层是一种含流体的裂缝-孔隙介质,其裂缝参数的定量表征对非常规油气藏的勘探与开发具有重要意义。然而,传统以振幅信息为主的储层预测方法存在局限性,难以全面揭示裂缝型储层的复杂特性。本文针对含饱和流体的正交裂缝型储层,深入分析了含水平和垂直正交裂缝介质的速度频散与衰减特性,并采用各向异性反射率法模拟了单界面频散砂岩储层振幅随偏移距变化(amplitude variation with offset,AVO)的频变响应特征。在此基础上,构建了以水平和垂直正交裂缝模型响应为驱动的贝叶斯反演框架,实现了对裂缝型储层中孔隙度、裂缝密度及裂缝半径的多参数定量反演。研究结果表明,孔隙度、裂缝密度及裂缝半径对速度频散表现出高度敏感性,且在低频时PP波频变反射系数随频率和入射角发生显著变化,振幅随入射角的增大线性增加,揭示了裂缝参数对频变AVO响应有重要影响。反演结果表明,所提出的反演方法在不同裂缝参数条件下,后验概率分布都具有较高精度,尤其在小尺度裂缝型储层中,对裂缝半径预测表现出更好的适用性和可靠性。
基金supposed by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42304131)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2023D012)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(Grant No.LBH-Z22092)the Basic Research Fund for Universities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.XJEDU2023P166)。
文摘The brittleness index(BI)is crucial for predicting engineering sweet spots and designing fracturing operations in shale oil reservoir exploration and development.Seismic amplitude variation with offset(AVO)inversion is commonly used to obtain the BI.Traditionally,velocity,density,and other parameters are firstly inverted,and the BI is then calculated,which often leads to accumulated errors.Moreover,due to the limited of well-log data in field work areas,AVO inversion typically faces the challenge of limited information,resulting in not high accuracy of BI derived by existing AVO inversion methods.To address these issues,we first derive an AVO forward approximation equation that directly characterizes the BI in P-wave reflection coefficients.Based on this,an intelligent AVO inversion method,which combines the advantages of traditional and intelligent approaches,for directly obtaining the BI is proposed.A TransUnet model is constructed to establish the strong nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic data and the BI.By incorporating a combined objective function that is constrained by both low-frequency parameters and training samples,the challenge of limited samples is effectively addressed,and the direct inversion of the BI is stably achieved.Tests on model data and applications on field data demonstrate the feasibility,advancement,and practicality of the proposed method.
文摘The study involved the evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of FORMAT Field, coastal swamp depobelt Niger delta, Nigeria to obtain a more efficient reservoir characterization and fluid properties identification. Despite advances in seismic data interpretation using traditional 3D seismic data interpretation, obtaining adequate reservoir characteristics at the finest level had proved very challenging with often disappointing results. A method that integrates the amplitude variation with offfset (AVO) analysis is hereby proposed to better illuminate the reservoir. The Hampson Russell 10.3 was used to integrate and study the available seismic and well data. The reservoir of interest was delineated using the available suite of petrophysical data. This was marked by low gamma ray, high resistivity, and low acoustic impedance between a true subsea vertical depth (TVDss) range of 10,350 - 10,450 ft. The AVO fluid substitution yielded a decrease in the density values of pure gas (2.3 - 1.6 g/cc), pure oil (2.3 - 1.8 g/cc) while the Poisson pure brine increased (2.3 to 2.8 g/cc). Result from FORMAT 26 plots yielded a negative intercept and negative gradient at the top and a positive intercept and positive gradient at the Base which conforms to Class III AVO anomaly. FORMAT 30 plots yielded a negative intercept and positive gradient at the top and a positive intercept and negative gradient at the Base which conforms to class IV AVO anomaly. AVO attribute volume slices decreased in the Poisson ratio (0.96 to - 1.0) indicating that the reservoir contains hydrocarbon. The s-wave reflectivity and the product of the intercept and gradient further clarified that there was a Class 3 gas sand in the reservoir and the possibility of a Class 4 gas sand anomaly in that same reservoir.
文摘The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the information of formation pressure can be response in the seismic data. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the formation pressure using time-lapse seismic method. Apart from formation pressure, the information of porosity and CO_(2) saturation can be reflected in the seismic data. Here, based on the actual situation of the work area, a rockphysical model is proposed to address the feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring during CO_(2) storage in the anisotropic formation. The model takes into account the formation pressure, variety minerals composition, fracture, fluid inhomogeneous distribution, and anisotropy caused by horizontal layering of rock layers(or oriented alignment of minerals). From the proposed rockphysical model and the well-logging, cores and geological data at the target layer, the variation of P-wave and S-wave velocity with formation pressure after CO_(2) injection is calculated. And so are the effects of porosity and CO_(2) saturation. Finally, from anisotropic exact reflection coefficient equation, the reflection coefficients under different formation pressures are calculated. It is proved that the reflection coefficient varies with pressure. Compared with CO_(2) saturation, the pressure has a greater effect on the reflection coefficient. Through the convolution model, the seismic record is calculated. The seismic record shows the difference with different formation pressure. At present, in the marine CO_(2) sequestration monitoring domain, there is no study involving the effect of formation pressure changes on seismic records in seafloor anisotropic formation. This study can provide a basis for the inversion of reservoir parameters in anisotropic seafloor CO_(2) reservoirs.
