Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with ...Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.展开更多
In this paper, the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation （GNLSE） is solved by an adaptive split-step Fourier method （ASSFM）. It is found that ASSFM must be used to solve GNLSE to ensure precision when the sol...In this paper, the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation （GNLSE） is solved by an adaptive split-step Fourier method （ASSFM）. It is found that ASSFM must be used to solve GNLSE to ensure precision when the soliton selffrequency shift is remarkable and the photonic crystal fibre （PCF） parameters vary with the frequency considerably. The precision of numerical simulation by using ASSFM is higher than that by using split-step Fourier method in the process of laser pulse propagation in PCFs due to the fact that the variation of fibre parameters with the peak frequency in the pulse spectrum can be taken into account fully.展开更多
The research of superior water oxidation electrodes is essential for the green energy in the form of hydrogen by way of electrolytic water splitting, and still remains challenging. Based upon dealloying foam, Fe-Ni hy...The research of superior water oxidation electrodes is essential for the green energy in the form of hydrogen by way of electrolytic water splitting, and still remains challenging. Based upon dealloying foam, Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets network structure is designed on the surface of Fe-Ni alloy foam. The ratio of Ni/Fe elements was adjusted to realize the optimal catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction（OER） and hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）. The obtained electrode of Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets/Fe-Ni alloy foam-60% Fe（FN LDH/FNF-60, 60 is the percentage of Fe content） possess low overpotential of 261 mV to reach 10 mA/cm;, small Tafel slope（85.5 mV/dec）, and superior long-term stability（remaining 10 mA/cm;for over 14 h without attenuation） toward OER in 1.0 mol/L KOH.Moreover, an alkaline water electrolyzer is constructed with the FN LDH/FNF-60 as anode and Ni（OH）;/Fe-Ni alloy foam-25% Fe(Ni（OH）;/FNF-25) as cathode, which displays superior electrolytic performance（affording 10 mA/cm;at 1.62 V） and lasting durability.展开更多
A new hybrid numerical scheme of combining an E-CUSP(Energy-Convective Upwind and Split Pressure) method for the fluid part and the Constrained Transport(CT) for the magnetic induction part is proposed.In order to avo...A new hybrid numerical scheme of combining an E-CUSP(Energy-Convective Upwind and Split Pressure) method for the fluid part and the Constrained Transport(CT) for the magnetic induction part is proposed.In order to avoid the occurrence of negative pressure in the reconstructed profiles and its updated value,a positivity preserving method is provided.Furthermore,the MHD equations are solved at each physical time step by advancing in pseudo time.The use of dual time stepping is beneficial in the computation since the use of dual time stepping allows the physical time step not to be limited by the corresponding values in the smallest cell and to be selected based on the numerical accuracy criterion.This newly established hybrid scheme combined with positivity preserving method and dual time technique has demonstrated the accurateness and robustness through numerical experiments of benchmark problems such as the 2D Orszag-Tang vortex problem and the3 D shock-cloud interaction problem.展开更多
Visible light-induced two-step overall water-splitting was achieved by combining two types of photocatalysts, which were prepared by introducing foreign elements into rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titan...Visible light-induced two-step overall water-splitting was achieved by combining two types of photocatalysts, which were prepared by introducing foreign elements into rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) with a controlled electronic band structure. Rutile TiO2 and SrTiO3 were doped with chromium and tantalum (Cr,Ta-TiO2) and with rhodium (Rh-SrTiO3), respectively, to introduce visible-light sensitivity. Under irradiation with only visible light from a 420-nm LED lamp, the simultaneous liberation of hydrogen and oxygen with a molar ratio of ~2:1 was achieved with these two types of photocatalysts in the presence of iodate ion/iodide ion as a redox mediator.展开更多
基金Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 0300YQ000101. Partly supported by the National Natural Sci
文摘Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.
文摘In this paper, the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation （GNLSE） is solved by an adaptive split-step Fourier method （ASSFM）. It is found that ASSFM must be used to solve GNLSE to ensure precision when the soliton selffrequency shift is remarkable and the photonic crystal fibre （PCF） parameters vary with the frequency considerably. The precision of numerical simulation by using ASSFM is higher than that by using split-step Fourier method in the process of laser pulse propagation in PCFs due to the fact that the variation of fibre parameters with the peak frequency in the pulse spectrum can be taken into account fully.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2017B090916002)Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program(No.2016TQ03N541)+2 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2017B030306001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91745203)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2014ZT05N200)
文摘The research of superior water oxidation electrodes is essential for the green energy in the form of hydrogen by way of electrolytic water splitting, and still remains challenging. Based upon dealloying foam, Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets network structure is designed on the surface of Fe-Ni alloy foam. The ratio of Ni/Fe elements was adjusted to realize the optimal catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction（OER） and hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）. The obtained electrode of Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets/Fe-Ni alloy foam-60% Fe（FN LDH/FNF-60, 60 is the percentage of Fe content） possess low overpotential of 261 mV to reach 10 mA/cm;, small Tafel slope（85.5 mV/dec）, and superior long-term stability（remaining 10 mA/cm;for over 14 h without attenuation） toward OER in 1.0 mol/L KOH.Moreover, an alkaline water electrolyzer is constructed with the FN LDH/FNF-60 as anode and Ni（OH）;/Fe-Ni alloy foam-25% Fe(Ni（OH）;/FNF-25) as cathode, which displays superior electrolytic performance（affording 10 mA/cm;at 1.62 V） and lasting durability.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB825601)the National Natural Science Foundationof China(41031066,41231068,41274192,41074121,41204127)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the ChineseAcademy of Sciences(KZZD-EW-01-4)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories
文摘A new hybrid numerical scheme of combining an E-CUSP(Energy-Convective Upwind and Split Pressure) method for the fluid part and the Constrained Transport(CT) for the magnetic induction part is proposed.In order to avoid the occurrence of negative pressure in the reconstructed profiles and its updated value,a positivity preserving method is provided.Furthermore,the MHD equations are solved at each physical time step by advancing in pseudo time.The use of dual time stepping is beneficial in the computation since the use of dual time stepping allows the physical time step not to be limited by the corresponding values in the smallest cell and to be selected based on the numerical accuracy criterion.This newly established hybrid scheme combined with positivity preserving method and dual time technique has demonstrated the accurateness and robustness through numerical experiments of benchmark problems such as the 2D Orszag-Tang vortex problem and the3 D shock-cloud interaction problem.
文摘Visible light-induced two-step overall water-splitting was achieved by combining two types of photocatalysts, which were prepared by introducing foreign elements into rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) with a controlled electronic band structure. Rutile TiO2 and SrTiO3 were doped with chromium and tantalum (Cr,Ta-TiO2) and with rhodium (Rh-SrTiO3), respectively, to introduce visible-light sensitivity. Under irradiation with only visible light from a 420-nm LED lamp, the simultaneous liberation of hydrogen and oxygen with a molar ratio of ~2:1 was achieved with these two types of photocatalysts in the presence of iodate ion/iodide ion as a redox mediator.
