To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for s...To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for spinal codes is proposed. In the A-FSD algorithm, a flexible threshold parameter is set by a variable channel state to narrow the scale of nodes accessed. On this basis, a new decoding method of AFSD with early termination(AFSD-ET) is further proposed. The AFSD-ET decoder not only has the ability of dynamically modifying the number of stored nodes, but also adopts the early termination criterion to curtail complexity. The complexity and related parameters are verified through a series of simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed spinal codes with tail-biting and the AFSD-ET decoding algorithms can reduce the complexity and improve the decoding rate without sacrificing correct decoding performance.展开更多
Recently,coded caching has been treated as a promising technique to alleviate the traffic burden in wireless networks.To support high efficient coded caching multicast transmissions,the time-varying heterogeneous chan...Recently,coded caching has been treated as a promising technique to alleviate the traffic burden in wireless networks.To support high efficient coded caching multicast transmissions,the time-varying heterogeneous channel conditions need to be considered.In this paper,a practical and novel multi-source spinal coding(MSSC)scheme is developed for coded caching multicast transmissions under heterogeneous channel conditions.By exploring joint design of network coding and spinal coding(SC),MSSC can achieve unequal link rates in multicast transmissions for different users.Moreover,by leveraging the rateless feature of SC in our design,MSSC can well adapt the link rates of all users in multicast transmissions without any feedback of time-varying channel conditions.A maximum likelihood(ML)based decoding process for MSSC is also developed,which can achieve a linear complexity with respect to the user number in the multicast transmission.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the MSSC scheme.Compared to the existing scheme,the sum rate of MSSC in multicast transmissions is improved by about 20%.When applying MSSC in coded caching systems,the total transmission time can be reduced by up to 48% for time-varying channels.展开更多
背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞...背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞从M1促炎表型向M2抗炎表型极化和调节小胶质细胞焦亡,是一个有前景的治疗策略。目的:归纳NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中作用的分子机制以及治疗策略的研究进展。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,NLRP3,microglia,polarization,pyroptosis”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,NLRP3,小胶质细胞,极化,焦亡,炎症”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入79篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:①目前,关于脊髓损伤复杂的发病机制尚未有统一定论,大量研究表明脊髓损伤与炎症因子和信号通路关系密切,以NLRP3炎性小体作为其发病机制和治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。②NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后的炎症反应、氧化应激和神经元恢复等起到关键作用。③小胶质细胞是脑和脊髓中的免疫细胞,是继发性脊髓损伤最重要的调节因子,脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞对内部环境作出调整,主要表现为极化及焦亡,产生大量炎症因子,阻碍脊髓损伤的神经再生和功能恢复,通过调控小胶质细胞表型变化,是治疗脊髓损伤的另一个关键因素。④NLRP3炎性小体与小胶质细胞密切相关,脊髓损伤后NLRP3炎性小体主要在小胶质细胞中表达,其会促进小胶质细胞向M1极化和促进促裂解蛋白D的产生,进一步破坏神经稳态,从而加重脊髓损伤的进展。⑤许多分子参与NLRP3炎性小体调控小胶质细胞,其中核转录因子κB及MAPK信号通路促进NLRP3炎性小体表达,其他信号通路抑制该炎性小体表达。⑥目前有大量的外源性分子及药物调控NLRP3炎性小体,临床应用前景广泛,已有相关药物处于临床试验阶段并取得良好疗效,如NLRP3特异性抑制剂MCC950,但如何精准控制靶向递送、减少对其他组织器官影响等关键问题亟需解决,随着研究的深入,未来有望在脊髓损伤治疗方式上作出新的突破。展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and exert a critical role in gene regulation via multiple biological processes.To uncover the functional significance and molecular m...Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and exert a critical role in gene regulation via multiple biological processes.To uncover the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in spinal cord injury(SCI),the expression signatures of lncRNAs were profiled using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)technology in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of the 10th thoracic vertebra complete transection SCI.Results showed that 116 of 14,802 detected lncRNAs were differentially expressed,among which 16—including eight up-regulated(H19,Vof16,Hmox2-ps1,LOC100910973,Ybx1-ps3,Nnat,Gcgr,LOC680254)and eight down-regulated(Rmrp,Terc,Ngrn,Ppp2r2b,Cox6a2,Rpl37a-ps1,LOC360231,Rpph1)—demonstrated fold changes>2 in response to transection SCI.A subset of these RNA-seq results was validated by quantitative real-time PCR.The levels of 821 mRNAs were also significantly altered post-SCI;592 mRNAs were up-regulated and 229 mRNAs were down-regulated by more than 2-fold.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were related to GO biological processes and molecular functions such as injury and inflammation response,wound repair,and apoptosis,and were significantly enriched in 15 KEGG pathways,including cell phagocytosis,tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway,and leukocyte migration.Our results reveal the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the rat spinal cord of a complete transection model,and these differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs represent potential novel targets for SCI treatment.We suggest that lncRNAs may play an important role in the early immuno-inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals,Guangdong Province,China.展开更多
[目的]利用基因芯片筛选脊柱转移癌患者组织中差异表达的lncRNAs和mRNAs,分析lncRNAs在脊柱转移癌中可能的分子机制。[方法]选取2016年宁夏医科大学总医院就诊经病理证实的3例脊柱转移癌患者和3例正常对照患者。利用LncPathTMHuman Canc...[目的]利用基因芯片筛选脊柱转移癌患者组织中差异表达的lncRNAs和mRNAs,分析lncRNAs在脊柱转移癌中可能的分子机制。[方法]选取2016年宁夏医科大学总医院就诊经病理证实的3例脊柱转移癌患者和3例正常对照患者。利用LncPathTMHuman Cancer Array(8×15 K,Arraystar)芯片检测患者和正常对照组织的lncRNAs和mRNAs、GO及KEGGpathway,分析差异表达的lncRNAs和mRNAs的功能分布。[结果]脊柱转移癌患者中差异表达的lncRNAs有326条,差异表达的mRNAs有775条。GO分析发现差异表达的mRNAs主要参与细胞增殖调节、生物细胞过程负调控、局灶性粘连、细胞-基质粘连等。Pathway分析发现差异表达的mRNAs主要参与癌症途径、AGERAGE信号通路与糖尿病并发症、细胞因子及其受体相互作用、慢性粒细胞白血病等。[结论]脊柱转移癌患者椎体组织中差异表达的lncRNAs可能与脊柱转移癌的发生和发展密切相关,未来可能成为脊柱转移癌潜在治疗靶点。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61701020)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB (BK19BF009)。
文摘To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for spinal codes is proposed. In the A-FSD algorithm, a flexible threshold parameter is set by a variable channel state to narrow the scale of nodes accessed. On this basis, a new decoding method of AFSD with early termination(AFSD-ET) is further proposed. The AFSD-ET decoder not only has the ability of dynamically modifying the number of stored nodes, but also adopts the early termination criterion to curtail complexity. The complexity and related parameters are verified through a series of simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed spinal codes with tail-biting and the AFSD-ET decoding algorithms can reduce the complexity and improve the decoding rate without sacrificing correct decoding performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61801290 and 61771312).
文摘Recently,coded caching has been treated as a promising technique to alleviate the traffic burden in wireless networks.To support high efficient coded caching multicast transmissions,the time-varying heterogeneous channel conditions need to be considered.In this paper,a practical and novel multi-source spinal coding(MSSC)scheme is developed for coded caching multicast transmissions under heterogeneous channel conditions.By exploring joint design of network coding and spinal coding(SC),MSSC can achieve unequal link rates in multicast transmissions for different users.Moreover,by leveraging the rateless feature of SC in our design,MSSC can well adapt the link rates of all users in multicast transmissions without any feedback of time-varying channel conditions.A maximum likelihood(ML)based decoding process for MSSC is also developed,which can achieve a linear complexity with respect to the user number in the multicast transmission.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the MSSC scheme.Compared to the existing scheme,the sum rate of MSSC in multicast transmissions is improved by about 20%.When applying MSSC in coded caching systems,the total transmission time can be reduced by up to 48% for time-varying channels.
文摘背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞从M1促炎表型向M2抗炎表型极化和调节小胶质细胞焦亡,是一个有前景的治疗策略。目的:归纳NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中作用的分子机制以及治疗策略的研究进展。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,NLRP3,microglia,polarization,pyroptosis”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,NLRP3,小胶质细胞,极化,焦亡,炎症”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入79篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:①目前,关于脊髓损伤复杂的发病机制尚未有统一定论,大量研究表明脊髓损伤与炎症因子和信号通路关系密切,以NLRP3炎性小体作为其发病机制和治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。②NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后的炎症反应、氧化应激和神经元恢复等起到关键作用。③小胶质细胞是脑和脊髓中的免疫细胞,是继发性脊髓损伤最重要的调节因子,脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞对内部环境作出调整,主要表现为极化及焦亡,产生大量炎症因子,阻碍脊髓损伤的神经再生和功能恢复,通过调控小胶质细胞表型变化,是治疗脊髓损伤的另一个关键因素。④NLRP3炎性小体与小胶质细胞密切相关,脊髓损伤后NLRP3炎性小体主要在小胶质细胞中表达,其会促进小胶质细胞向M1极化和促进促裂解蛋白D的产生,进一步破坏神经稳态,从而加重脊髓损伤的进展。⑤许多分子参与NLRP3炎性小体调控小胶质细胞,其中核转录因子κB及MAPK信号通路促进NLRP3炎性小体表达,其他信号通路抑制该炎性小体表达。⑥目前有大量的外源性分子及药物调控NLRP3炎性小体,临床应用前景广泛,已有相关药物处于临床试验阶段并取得良好疗效,如NLRP3特异性抑制剂MCC950,但如何精准控制靶向递送、减少对其他组织器官影响等关键问题亟需解决,随着研究的深入,未来有望在脊髓损伤治疗方式上作出新的突破。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371366(to HFW)Characteristic Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province of China,No.2018KTSCX075(to HFW)+3 种基金the Key Project of Social Development of Dongguan of China,No.20185071521640(to HFW)College Students’ Science and Technology Innovation Training Project,China,Nos.201810571058,GDMU2018024,GDMU2018056,GDMU2018061(to HFW)College Students’ Innovative Experimental Project in Guangdong Medical University,China,No.ZZDS001(to HFW)College Students’ Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Project in Guangdong of China,No.pdjh2019b0217(to HFW)
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and exert a critical role in gene regulation via multiple biological processes.To uncover the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in spinal cord injury(SCI),the expression signatures of lncRNAs were profiled using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)technology in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of the 10th thoracic vertebra complete transection SCI.Results showed that 116 of 14,802 detected lncRNAs were differentially expressed,among which 16—including eight up-regulated(H19,Vof16,Hmox2-ps1,LOC100910973,Ybx1-ps3,Nnat,Gcgr,LOC680254)and eight down-regulated(Rmrp,Terc,Ngrn,Ppp2r2b,Cox6a2,Rpl37a-ps1,LOC360231,Rpph1)—demonstrated fold changes>2 in response to transection SCI.A subset of these RNA-seq results was validated by quantitative real-time PCR.The levels of 821 mRNAs were also significantly altered post-SCI;592 mRNAs were up-regulated and 229 mRNAs were down-regulated by more than 2-fold.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were related to GO biological processes and molecular functions such as injury and inflammation response,wound repair,and apoptosis,and were significantly enriched in 15 KEGG pathways,including cell phagocytosis,tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway,and leukocyte migration.Our results reveal the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the rat spinal cord of a complete transection model,and these differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs represent potential novel targets for SCI treatment.We suggest that lncRNAs may play an important role in the early immuno-inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals,Guangdong Province,China.
文摘[目的]利用基因芯片筛选脊柱转移癌患者组织中差异表达的lncRNAs和mRNAs,分析lncRNAs在脊柱转移癌中可能的分子机制。[方法]选取2016年宁夏医科大学总医院就诊经病理证实的3例脊柱转移癌患者和3例正常对照患者。利用LncPathTMHuman Cancer Array(8×15 K,Arraystar)芯片检测患者和正常对照组织的lncRNAs和mRNAs、GO及KEGGpathway,分析差异表达的lncRNAs和mRNAs的功能分布。[结果]脊柱转移癌患者中差异表达的lncRNAs有326条,差异表达的mRNAs有775条。GO分析发现差异表达的mRNAs主要参与细胞增殖调节、生物细胞过程负调控、局灶性粘连、细胞-基质粘连等。Pathway分析发现差异表达的mRNAs主要参与癌症途径、AGERAGE信号通路与糖尿病并发症、细胞因子及其受体相互作用、慢性粒细胞白血病等。[结论]脊柱转移癌患者椎体组织中差异表达的lncRNAs可能与脊柱转移癌的发生和发展密切相关,未来可能成为脊柱转移癌潜在治疗靶点。
