The wave function for the spin the early universe is obtained through the adaption of the quantum formalism to one solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt’s equation [1], associated with the wave function of the universe. In ...The wave function for the spin the early universe is obtained through the adaption of the quantum formalism to one solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt’s equation [1], associated with the wave function of the universe. In addition, some observations performed by Stephen Hawking in relation to the vorticity of the universe [2] are used. This wave function for the spin could be used for indirectly to demonstrate the presence of dark matter in the universe.展开更多
The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric an...The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.展开更多
The coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in SmO1-xFxFeAs is theoretically studied using the model Hamiltonian which contains BCS type superconductivity and spin density wave terms. Employing green fu...The coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in SmO1-xFxFeAs is theoretically studied using the model Hamiltonian which contains BCS type superconductivity and spin density wave terms. Employing green function formalism, the expression for the spin density wave order parameter (M) and expression for spin density wave transition temperature TSDW is obtained. The interplay between the superconductivity and spin density wave is examined in these parameters and the coexistence of the two states is established in the order parameter range of 0.1≤MmeV≤0.13 which is seen to be in broad experimental agreement.展开更多
With the use of a model Hamiltonian and retarded double time green’s function formalism, we obtain mathematical expressions for spin density wave and superconductivity parameters. The model reveals a distinct possibi...With the use of a model Hamiltonian and retarded double time green’s function formalism, we obtain mathematical expressions for spin density wave and superconductivity parameters. The model reveals a distinct possibility of the coexistence of magnetic phase and superconductivity, which are two usually irreconcilable cooperative phenomena. The work is motivated by the recent experimental evidences of coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in a number of FeAs-based superconductors. The theoretical results are then applied to show the coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in iron pnictide compound Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (0.2 ≤ x < 0.4).展开更多
文摘The wave function for the spin the early universe is obtained through the adaption of the quantum formalism to one solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt’s equation [1], associated with the wave function of the universe. In addition, some observations performed by Stephen Hawking in relation to the vorticity of the universe [2] are used. This wave function for the spin could be used for indirectly to demonstrate the presence of dark matter in the universe.
文摘The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.
文摘The coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave in SmO1-xFxFeAs is theoretically studied using the model Hamiltonian which contains BCS type superconductivity and spin density wave terms. Employing green function formalism, the expression for the spin density wave order parameter (M) and expression for spin density wave transition temperature TSDW is obtained. The interplay between the superconductivity and spin density wave is examined in these parameters and the coexistence of the two states is established in the order parameter range of 0.1≤MmeV≤0.13 which is seen to be in broad experimental agreement.
文摘With the use of a model Hamiltonian and retarded double time green’s function formalism, we obtain mathematical expressions for spin density wave and superconductivity parameters. The model reveals a distinct possibility of the coexistence of magnetic phase and superconductivity, which are two usually irreconcilable cooperative phenomena. The work is motivated by the recent experimental evidences of coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in a number of FeAs-based superconductors. The theoretical results are then applied to show the coexistence of spin density wave and superconductivity in iron pnictide compound Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (0.2 ≤ x < 0.4).
