The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contribu...The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contributions. In multilayer systems, extrinsic interfacial scattering, along with scattering from defects or impurities inside the materials, plays a crucial role in affecting the SOT efficiency. In this study, we successfully fabricated high-quality epitaxially grown [Ir/Pt]N superlattices with an increasing number of interfaces using a magnetron sputtering system to investigate the contribution of extrinsic interfacial scattering to SOT efficiency. We measured SOT efficiency through spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance methods and determined the spin Hall angle using the spin pumping technique. Additionally, we calculated spin transparency based on the SOT efficiency and spin Hall angle. Our findings indicate that the values of SOT efficiency, spin Hall angle, and spin transparency are enhanced in the superlattice structure compared to Pt, which we attribute to the increase in interfacial scattering.This research offers an effective strategy for designing and fabricating advanced spintronic devices.展开更多
One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static o...One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static order.However,there is no consensus on the existence of a QSL state in any real material so far,due to inevitable disorder and intricate competing exchange interactions on frustrated spin lattices.Here we report systematic heat transport measurements on a honeycomb-lattice compound BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),which manifests magnetic order in zero field.In a narrow in-plane field range after the magnetic order is nearly suppressed,in both perpendicular and parallel to the zigzag direction,a finite residual linear term of thermal conductivity is clearly observed,which is attributed to mobile fermionic excitations.In addition,the spin-phonon scattering rate exhibits a T-linear behavior when the order disappears.These observations suggest a partial QSL state with gapless spinon excitations in BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),that emerges when a portion of the spins remains ordered,and vanishes as the spins become progressively polarized.展开更多
We predict high-velocity magnetic domain wall(DW)motion driven by out-of-plane acoustic spin in surface acoustic waves(SAWs).We demonstrate that the SAW propagating at a 30-degree angle relative to the x-axis of a 128...We predict high-velocity magnetic domain wall(DW)motion driven by out-of-plane acoustic spin in surface acoustic waves(SAWs).We demonstrate that the SAW propagating at a 30-degree angle relative to the x-axis of a 128∘Y-LiNbO_(3) substrate exhibits uniform out-of-plane spin angular momentum.This acoustic spin triggers the DW motion at a velocity exceeding 50 m/s in a way that is similar to the spin-transfer-torque effect.This phenomenon highlights the potential of acoustic spin in enabling rapid DW displacement,offering an innovative approach to developing energy-efficient spintronic devices.展开更多
Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilist...Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.展开更多
Altermagnets,a new type of collinear antiferromagnet,exhibiting non-degenerate electron and magnon dispersion in momentum space have attracted intensive research attention.We theoretically analyze the origin and featu...Altermagnets,a new type of collinear antiferromagnet,exhibiting non-degenerate electron and magnon dispersion in momentum space have attracted intensive research attention.We theoretically analyze the origin and feature of chiral magnon splitting in representative altermagnets including tetragonal RuO_(2),hexagonal MnTe,and orthorhombic LaMnO_(3).The magnon spin transport properties including spin Seebeck and spin Nernst coefcients have been investigated.Through these materials,we demonstrate the diference of chiral splitting in d-wave and g-wave antiferromagnet on magnon transport.RuO2with planar magnon splitting exhibits signifcant magnon spin Nernst and magnon spin Seebeck anisotropy in(110)and(001)planes,whereas MnTe,due to its bulk-like magnon splitting,is incapable of producing magnon spin Nernst efect.Our work may provide in-depth understanding on the mechanisms of nonrelativistic magnon splitting and thermal spin transport in altermagnets.展开更多
Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand ...Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.展开更多
Besides equilibrium behavior,exploring the spin–phonon coupling in multiferroic materials under non-equilibrium conditions is crucial for a deep understanding of the mechanisms as well as their high-frequency applica...Besides equilibrium behavior,exploring the spin–phonon coupling in multiferroic materials under non-equilibrium conditions is crucial for a deep understanding of the mechanisms as well as their high-frequency applications.Here,by utilizing time-resolved refectance spectroscopy,we demonstrate ultrafast spin–phonon coupling dynamics in multiferroic 0.58BiFeO_(3)-0.42Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_(3)(BF-BKT)single crystals.With ultrafast laser pumping,coherent acoustic phonons with low damping are created in BF-BKT.Temperature-dependent results indicate that both the frequency and amplitude of laser-induced coherent phonons are sensitive to the emergence of antiferromagnetic order.Moreover,the spin state change driven by external magnetic felds can enhance the oscillation amplitude of the coherent acoustic phonons even above the magnetic Néel temperature.These fndings experimentally confrm that spin–phonon coupling in multiferroic materials exists not only in the spin-ordered state but also in the spin-disordered state,and not only in the equilibrium state but also in the non-equilibrium state excited by ultrafast lasers,suggesting their promising applications in high-frequency devices.展开更多
The development of magnetic heterostructures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA),strong spin-orbit torques(SOTs),low impedance,and good integration compatibility at the same time is central for high-per...The development of magnetic heterostructures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA),strong spin-orbit torques(SOTs),low impedance,and good integration compatibility at the same time is central for high-performance spintronic memory and computing applications.Here,we report the development of the PMA superlattice[Pt/Co/W]_(n)that can be sputtered-deposited on commercial oxidized silicon substrates and has giant SOTs,strong uniaxial PMA of≈9.2 Merg/cm^(3),and rigid macrospin performance.The damping-like and field-like SOTs of the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattices exhibit a linear increase with the repeat number n and reach the giant values of 225%and-33%(two orders of magnitude greater than that in clean-limit Pt)at n=12,respectively.The damping-like SOT is also of the opposite sign and much greater in magnitude than the field-like SOT,regardless of the number n.These results clarify that the spin current that generates SOTs in the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattices arises predominantly from the spin Hall effect rather than bulk Rashba spin splitting,providing a unified understanding of the SOTs in these superlattices.We also demonstrate deterministic switching in thickerthan-50-nm PMA[Pt/Co/W]_(12)superlattices at a low current density.This work establishes the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattice as a compelling material candidate for ultra-fast,low-power,long-retention nonvolatile spintronic memory and computing technologies.展开更多
Precision,speed and cost efficiency are all indispensable,especially in challenging times.Rieter has put together a powerful portfolio for ITMA ASIA+CITME 2025 that gives spinning mills the chance to actively shape th...Precision,speed and cost efficiency are all indispensable,especially in challenging times.Rieter has put together a powerful portfolio for ITMA ASIA+CITME 2025 that gives spinning mills the chance to actively shape the future through intelligent automation.This is a key milestone on the way to achieving Rieter’s vision 2027-the fully automated spinning mill.展开更多
The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational re...The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational restraints on the proteins or their complexes.The rigid connection of the nitroxide spin label to the protein improves the accuracy and precision of distance measurement.We report a new spin labelling approach by formation of thioester bond between nitroxide(NO)spin label,NOAI(NO spin labels activated by acetylimidazole),and a protein thiol,and this spin labeling method has demonstrated high performance in DEER distance measurement on proteins.The results showed that NOAI has shorter connection to the protein ligation site than 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrroline-1-oxyl methanethiosulfonate(MTSL)and 3-maleimido-proxyl(M-Prox)in the respective protein conjugate and produces narrower distance distributions for the tested proteins including ubiquitin(Ub),immunoglobulin-binding b1 domain of streptococcal protein G(GB1),and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(Smac).The NOAI protein conjugate connected by a thioester bond is resistant to reducing reagent and offers highfidelity DEER distance measurements in cell lysates.展开更多
To enhance the efficiency of green energy harvesting and pollutant degradation,significant efforts are focused on identifying highly effective catalysts.Metal-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts(M-N-C SACs)have emer...To enhance the efficiency of green energy harvesting and pollutant degradation,significant efforts are focused on identifying highly effective catalysts.Metal-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts(M-N-C SACs)have emerged as pivotal in catalysis due to their unique geometric structures,electronic states,and catalytic capabilities.Notably,the incorporation of magnetic elements at the active centers of these single-atom catalysts has garnered attention for their role in efficient electrochemical conversions.The orientation of spin states critically influences the adsorption and formation of reactants and intermediates,making the precise control of spin alignment and magnetic moments essential for reducing energy barriers and overcoming spin-related limitations,thereby enhancing catalytic activity.Thus,understanding the catalytic role of spin and modulating spin density at M-N-C single-atom centers holds profound fundamental and technological significance.In this review,we elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing spin states and its influence in electrocatalysis.We then discuss various strategies for adjusting the spin states of active centers in the M-N-C SACs and the associated characterization techniques.Finally,we outline challenges and future perspectives of spin regulation for high-performance catalysts.This review provides deep insights into the micro-mechanisms of catalytic phenomena and offers a roadmap for designing spin-regulated catalysts for advanced energy applications.展开更多
We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and ext...We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.展开更多
Precise manipulation of the catalytic spin configuration and delineation of the relationship between spin related properties and oxidation pathways remain significant challenges in Fenton-like processes.Herein,encapsu...Precise manipulation of the catalytic spin configuration and delineation of the relationship between spin related properties and oxidation pathways remain significant challenges in Fenton-like processes.Herein,encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt-nitrogen-doped carbon moieties,endowed with confinement effects and variations in shell curvature were constructed via straightforward pyrolysis strategies,inducing alterations in magnetic anisotropy,electronic energy levels and spin polarization.The enhanced spin polarization at cobalt sites leads to a reduction in crystal field splitting energy and an increase in electronic spin density.This phenomenon facilitated electron transfer from cobalt orbitals to pz orbitals of oxygen species within peroxymonosulfate molecules,thereby promoting the formation of high-valent cobalt species.The encapsulation effectively stabilized cobalt nanoparticles,mitigating their dissolution or deactivation during reactions,which in turn enhances stability and durability in continuous flow processes.The high-valent cobalt species within the shell exhibit increased exposure and generate localized high concentrations,thereby intensifying interactions with migrating pollutants and enabling efficient and selective oxidation of emerging compounds with elevated redox potentials.This work underscores the profound impact of confined encapsulation curvature and spin polarization characteristics of metal sites on catalytic oxidation pathways and performance,opening novel avenues for spin engineering in practical environmental catalysis.展开更多
Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However...Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However,traditional fabrication methods often introduce lattice damage during the irradiation process used to create vacancies,significantly impairing the spin coherence properties of NV-centers.展开更多
Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the ho...Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the hole overdoped Ba_(0.4)K_(0.6)Fe_(2)As_(2) near a Lifshitz transition,where the electron pocket at M point is nearly replaced by four hole pockets.In the normal state,the spin excitations is observed at incommensurate wave vectors with a chimney-like dispersion.By cooling down to the superconducting state,a neutron spin resonance mode emerges with a peak energy of Er=14-15 meV,weakly modulated along the L-direction.The incommensurability notably increases at low energies,giving rise to downward dispersions of the resonance mode.This behavior contrasts sharply with the upward dispersions of resonance observed in optimally doped Ba_(0.67)K_(0.33)Fe_(2)As_(2) contributed by the hole to electron scattering,but resembles those in KFe_(2)As_(2) and KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2) where the fermiology is dominated by hole pockets.These results highlight the critical role of electronic structure modifications near the Fermi level,especially in governing interband scattering under imperfect nesting conditions,which fundamentally shape the spin dynamics of FeSCs.展开更多
The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and ...The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and its structural analogs.These quantum spin liquid candidates exhibit large superexchange interactions yet resist magnetic ordering down to the lowest measurable temperatures,which are typically three or four orders of magnitude below the energy scale of the primary exchange energies.Nevertheless,the existence of unavoidable intrinsic interlayer magnetic impurities leads to persistent debates on their ground states.A breakthrough emerged with the discovery of YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)X_(3-x)(X=Cl,Br),a novel material family rigorously verifed to eliminate magnetic impurity interference.This short review highlights critical advances in these materials,emphasizing experimental signatures consistent with a Dirac quantum spin liquid and the observation of a oneninth magnetization plateau and possible quantum oscillations.Local structural characteristics play a crucial role in clarifying the complex emergent quantum phenomena of these materials.Collectively,these fndings establish this material class as a promising platform for investigating quantum spin liquid behavior in two-dimensional kagome lattices.展开更多
Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three...Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.展开更多
We investigate the origin of the 1/3 magnetization plateau in the S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model using the variational Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization methods,to account for the recent experimen...We investigate the origin of the 1/3 magnetization plateau in the S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model using the variational Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization methods,to account for the recent experimental observations in YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)Br_(3-x)and YCu_(3)(OD)_(6+x)Br_(3-x).We identify three degenerate valencebond-solid(VBS)states forming a√3×√3 unit cell.These states exhibit David-star patterns in the spin moment distribution with only two fractional values-1/3 and 2/3,and are related through translational transformations.While the spin correlations in these VBS states are found to be short-range,resembling a quantum spin liquid,we show that they have a vanishing topological entanglement entropy and thus are topologically trivial many-body states.Our theoretical results provide strong evidence that the 1/3 magnetization plateau observed in recent experiments arises from these√3×√3 VBS states with fractional spin moments.展开更多
Spin-momentum locking is widely regarded as an inherent property of evanescent waves,where the transverse spin angular momentum is intrinsically tied to the wave's polarization.This principle is well established i...Spin-momentum locking is widely regarded as an inherent property of evanescent waves,where the transverse spin angular momentum is intrinsically tied to the wave's polarization.This principle is well established in systems such as surface plasmon polaritons,surface elastic waves,and other evanescent modes.Here,we theoretically unveil an anomalous breakdown of spin-momentum locking in evanescent electromagnetic waves at a metalgyromagnetic interface.We show that the hybrid polarization of the field induces two successive reversals of transverse spin near the interface—directly violating the conventional locking between spin and momentum.As a result,identical chiral sources placed at different heights above the interface excite evanescent waves propagating in opposite directions,defying standard expectations.This discovery challenges the presumed universality of spin-momentum locking and opens new degrees of freedom for controlling wave propagation in photonic and plasmonic systems.展开更多
We demonstrate an effective and optimal strategy for generating spatially resolved longitudinal spin angular momentum(LSAM)in optical tweezers by tightly focusing the first-order spirally polarized vector(SPV)beams wi...We demonstrate an effective and optimal strategy for generating spatially resolved longitudinal spin angular momentum(LSAM)in optical tweezers by tightly focusing the first-order spirally polarized vector(SPV)beams with zero intrinsic angular momentum into a refractive index stratified medium.The stratified medium gives rise to a spherically aberrated intensity profile near the focal region of the optical tweezers,with off-axis intensity lobes in the radial direction possessing opposite LSAM(helicities corresponding toσ=+1 and−1)compared to the beam center.We trap mesoscopic birefringent particles in an off-axis intensity lobe as well as at the beam center by modifying the trapping plane and observe particles spinning in opposite directions depending on their location.The direction of rotation depends on the particle size with larger particles spinning either clockwise or anticlockwise depending on the direction of spirality of the polarization of the SPV beam after tight focusing,while smaller particles spin in both directions depending on their spatial locations.Numerical simulations support our experimental observations.Our results introduce new avenues in spin-orbit optomechanics to facilitate novel yet straightforward avenues for exotic and complex particle manipulation in optical tweezers.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52088101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52161160334, 12274437, 12174426, and 52271237)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research No. YSBR-084the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team。
文摘The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contributions. In multilayer systems, extrinsic interfacial scattering, along with scattering from defects or impurities inside the materials, plays a crucial role in affecting the SOT efficiency. In this study, we successfully fabricated high-quality epitaxially grown [Ir/Pt]N superlattices with an increasing number of interfaces using a magnetron sputtering system to investigate the contribution of extrinsic interfacial scattering to SOT efficiency. We measured SOT efficiency through spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance methods and determined the spin Hall angle using the spin pumping technique. Additionally, we calculated spin transparency based on the SOT efficiency and spin Hall angle. Our findings indicate that the values of SOT efficiency, spin Hall angle, and spin transparency are enhanced in the superlattice structure compared to Pt, which we attribute to the increase in interfacial scattering.This research offers an effective strategy for designing and fabricating advanced spintronic devices.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.12034004 and 12174064)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2024ZD0300104)supported by U.S.DOE BES DE-SC0012311the Robert A.Welch Foundation under Grant No.C-1839,respectively(P.D.)。
文摘One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static order.However,there is no consensus on the existence of a QSL state in any real material so far,due to inevitable disorder and intricate competing exchange interactions on frustrated spin lattices.Here we report systematic heat transport measurements on a honeycomb-lattice compound BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),which manifests magnetic order in zero field.In a narrow in-plane field range after the magnetic order is nearly suppressed,in both perpendicular and parallel to the zigzag direction,a finite residual linear term of thermal conductivity is clearly observed,which is attributed to mobile fermionic excitations.In addition,the spin-phonon scattering rate exhibits a T-linear behavior when the order disappears.These observations suggest a partial QSL state with gapless spinon excitations in BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),that emerges when a portion of the spins remains ordered,and vanishes as the spins become progressively polarized.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0103300)the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(Grant No.2023SLABFN26)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022CFA088)。
文摘We predict high-velocity magnetic domain wall(DW)motion driven by out-of-plane acoustic spin in surface acoustic waves(SAWs).We demonstrate that the SAW propagating at a 30-degree angle relative to the x-axis of a 128∘Y-LiNbO_(3) substrate exhibits uniform out-of-plane spin angular momentum.This acoustic spin triggers the DW motion at a velocity exceeding 50 m/s in a way that is similar to the spin-transfer-torque effect.This phenomenon highlights the potential of acoustic spin in enabling rapid DW displacement,offering an innovative approach to developing energy-efficient spintronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12322407,62122036,and 62034004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFF0718400 and 2023YFF1203600)the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20232004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB44000000)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technologysupport from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.020414380227,020414380240,and 020414380242)the e-Science Center of Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures。
文摘Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174129,T2394475,and T2394470)。
文摘Altermagnets,a new type of collinear antiferromagnet,exhibiting non-degenerate electron and magnon dispersion in momentum space have attracted intensive research attention.We theoretically analyze the origin and feature of chiral magnon splitting in representative altermagnets including tetragonal RuO_(2),hexagonal MnTe,and orthorhombic LaMnO_(3).The magnon spin transport properties including spin Seebeck and spin Nernst coefcients have been investigated.Through these materials,we demonstrate the diference of chiral splitting in d-wave and g-wave antiferromagnet on magnon transport.RuO2with planar magnon splitting exhibits signifcant magnon spin Nernst and magnon spin Seebeck anisotropy in(110)and(001)planes,whereas MnTe,due to its bulk-like magnon splitting,is incapable of producing magnon spin Nernst efect.Our work may provide in-depth understanding on the mechanisms of nonrelativistic magnon splitting and thermal spin transport in altermagnets.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404400 and 2023YFA1406900)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1481200)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(Grant No.23XD1423800)。
文摘Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1600200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032218 and 12111530283)。
文摘Besides equilibrium behavior,exploring the spin–phonon coupling in multiferroic materials under non-equilibrium conditions is crucial for a deep understanding of the mechanisms as well as their high-frequency applications.Here,by utilizing time-resolved refectance spectroscopy,we demonstrate ultrafast spin–phonon coupling dynamics in multiferroic 0.58BiFeO_(3)-0.42Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_(3)(BF-BKT)single crystals.With ultrafast laser pumping,coherent acoustic phonons with low damping are created in BF-BKT.Temperature-dependent results indicate that both the frequency and amplitude of laser-induced coherent phonons are sensitive to the emergence of antiferromagnetic order.Moreover,the spin state change driven by external magnetic felds can enhance the oscillation amplitude of the coherent acoustic phonons even above the magnetic Néel temperature.These fndings experimentally confrm that spin–phonon coupling in multiferroic materials exists not only in the spin-ordered state but also in the spin-disordered state,and not only in the equilibrium state but also in the non-equilibrium state excited by ultrafast lasers,suggesting their promising applications in high-frequency devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204000)the Beijing National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z230006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304155 and 12274405).
文摘The development of magnetic heterostructures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA),strong spin-orbit torques(SOTs),low impedance,and good integration compatibility at the same time is central for high-performance spintronic memory and computing applications.Here,we report the development of the PMA superlattice[Pt/Co/W]_(n)that can be sputtered-deposited on commercial oxidized silicon substrates and has giant SOTs,strong uniaxial PMA of≈9.2 Merg/cm^(3),and rigid macrospin performance.The damping-like and field-like SOTs of the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattices exhibit a linear increase with the repeat number n and reach the giant values of 225%and-33%(two orders of magnitude greater than that in clean-limit Pt)at n=12,respectively.The damping-like SOT is also of the opposite sign and much greater in magnitude than the field-like SOT,regardless of the number n.These results clarify that the spin current that generates SOTs in the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattices arises predominantly from the spin Hall effect rather than bulk Rashba spin splitting,providing a unified understanding of the SOTs in these superlattices.We also demonstrate deterministic switching in thickerthan-50-nm PMA[Pt/Co/W]_(12)superlattices at a low current density.This work establishes the[Pt/Co/W]_(n)superlattice as a compelling material candidate for ultra-fast,low-power,long-retention nonvolatile spintronic memory and computing technologies.
文摘Precision,speed and cost efficiency are all indispensable,especially in challenging times.Rieter has put together a powerful portfolio for ITMA ASIA+CITME 2025 that gives spinning mills the chance to actively shape the future through intelligent automation.This is a key milestone on the way to achieving Rieter’s vision 2027-the fully automated spinning mill.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22161142018,21991081,22177056,and 22174074)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA1600304).
文摘The distance distributions between two site-specifically anchored spin labels in a protein,measured by pulsed electron-electron double resonance(PELDOR or DEER),provide rich sources of structural and conformational restraints on the proteins or their complexes.The rigid connection of the nitroxide spin label to the protein improves the accuracy and precision of distance measurement.We report a new spin labelling approach by formation of thioester bond between nitroxide(NO)spin label,NOAI(NO spin labels activated by acetylimidazole),and a protein thiol,and this spin labeling method has demonstrated high performance in DEER distance measurement on proteins.The results showed that NOAI has shorter connection to the protein ligation site than 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrroline-1-oxyl methanethiosulfonate(MTSL)and 3-maleimido-proxyl(M-Prox)in the respective protein conjugate and produces narrower distance distributions for the tested proteins including ubiquitin(Ub),immunoglobulin-binding b1 domain of streptococcal protein G(GB1),and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(Smac).The NOAI protein conjugate connected by a thioester bond is resistant to reducing reagent and offers highfidelity DEER distance measurements in cell lysates.
文摘To enhance the efficiency of green energy harvesting and pollutant degradation,significant efforts are focused on identifying highly effective catalysts.Metal-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts(M-N-C SACs)have emerged as pivotal in catalysis due to their unique geometric structures,electronic states,and catalytic capabilities.Notably,the incorporation of magnetic elements at the active centers of these single-atom catalysts has garnered attention for their role in efficient electrochemical conversions.The orientation of spin states critically influences the adsorption and formation of reactants and intermediates,making the precise control of spin alignment and magnetic moments essential for reducing energy barriers and overcoming spin-related limitations,thereby enhancing catalytic activity.Thus,understanding the catalytic role of spin and modulating spin density at M-N-C single-atom centers holds profound fundamental and technological significance.In this review,we elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing spin states and its influence in electrocatalysis.We then discuss various strategies for adjusting the spin states of active centers in the M-N-C SACs and the associated characterization techniques.Finally,we outline challenges and future perspectives of spin regulation for high-performance catalysts.This review provides deep insights into the micro-mechanisms of catalytic phenomena and offers a roadmap for designing spin-regulated catalysts for advanced energy applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92365202,12475011,and 11921005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1409002)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)。
文摘We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.
文摘Precise manipulation of the catalytic spin configuration and delineation of the relationship between spin related properties and oxidation pathways remain significant challenges in Fenton-like processes.Herein,encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt-nitrogen-doped carbon moieties,endowed with confinement effects and variations in shell curvature were constructed via straightforward pyrolysis strategies,inducing alterations in magnetic anisotropy,electronic energy levels and spin polarization.The enhanced spin polarization at cobalt sites leads to a reduction in crystal field splitting energy and an increase in electronic spin density.This phenomenon facilitated electron transfer from cobalt orbitals to pz orbitals of oxygen species within peroxymonosulfate molecules,thereby promoting the formation of high-valent cobalt species.The encapsulation effectively stabilized cobalt nanoparticles,mitigating their dissolution or deactivation during reactions,which in turn enhances stability and durability in continuous flow processes.The high-valent cobalt species within the shell exhibit increased exposure and generate localized high concentrations,thereby intensifying interactions with migrating pollutants and enabling efficient and selective oxidation of emerging compounds with elevated redox potentials.This work underscores the profound impact of confined encapsulation curvature and spin polarization characteristics of metal sites on catalytic oxidation pathways and performance,opening novel avenues for spin engineering in practical environmental catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.112374012 and 11974208)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2023JQ001 and tsqn202211128)。
文摘Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However,traditional fabrication methods often introduce lattice damage during the irradiation process used to create vacancies,significantly impairing the spin coherence properties of NV-centers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406100,2018YFA0704200,2022YFA1403400 and 2021YFA1400400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11822411 and 12274444)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the CAS(Grant Nos.XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-01)AP by HBNI-RRCAT and MPCST under the FTYS program。
文摘Elucidating the relationship between spin excitations and fermiology is essential for clarifying the pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors(FeSCs).Here,we report inelastic neutron scattering results on the hole overdoped Ba_(0.4)K_(0.6)Fe_(2)As_(2) near a Lifshitz transition,where the electron pocket at M point is nearly replaced by four hole pockets.In the normal state,the spin excitations is observed at incommensurate wave vectors with a chimney-like dispersion.By cooling down to the superconducting state,a neutron spin resonance mode emerges with a peak energy of Er=14-15 meV,weakly modulated along the L-direction.The incommensurability notably increases at low energies,giving rise to downward dispersions of the resonance mode.This behavior contrasts sharply with the upward dispersions of resonance observed in optimally doped Ba_(0.67)K_(0.33)Fe_(2)As_(2) contributed by the hole to electron scattering,but resembles those in KFe_(2)As_(2) and KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2) where the fermiology is dominated by hole pockets.These results highlight the critical role of electronic structure modifications near the Fermi level,especially in governing interband scattering under imperfect nesting conditions,which fundamentally shape the spin dynamics of FeSCs.
文摘The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and its structural analogs.These quantum spin liquid candidates exhibit large superexchange interactions yet resist magnetic ordering down to the lowest measurable temperatures,which are typically three or four orders of magnitude below the energy scale of the primary exchange energies.Nevertheless,the existence of unavoidable intrinsic interlayer magnetic impurities leads to persistent debates on their ground states.A breakthrough emerged with the discovery of YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)X_(3-x)(X=Cl,Br),a novel material family rigorously verifed to eliminate magnetic impurity interference.This short review highlights critical advances in these materials,emphasizing experimental signatures consistent with a Dirac quantum spin liquid and the observation of a oneninth magnetization plateau and possible quantum oscillations.Local structural characteristics play a crucial role in clarifying the complex emergent quantum phenomena of these materials.Collectively,these fndings establish this material class as a promising platform for investigating quantum spin liquid behavior in two-dimensional kagome lattices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grant No.12274019the NSAF grant in NSFC with Grant No.U2230402。
文摘Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.
基金supported by the National Key Projects for Research and Development of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400400 and 2024YFA1408104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12434005,12374137,and 92165205).
文摘We investigate the origin of the 1/3 magnetization plateau in the S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model using the variational Monte Carlo and exact diagonalization methods,to account for the recent experimental observations in YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)Br_(3-x)and YCu_(3)(OD)_(6+x)Br_(3-x).We identify three degenerate valencebond-solid(VBS)states forming a√3×√3 unit cell.These states exhibit David-star patterns in the spin moment distribution with only two fractional values-1/3 and 2/3,and are related through translational transformations.While the spin correlations in these VBS states are found to be short-range,resembling a quantum spin liquid,we show that they have a vanishing topological entanglement entropy and thus are topologically trivial many-body states.Our theoretical results provide strong evidence that the 1/3 magnetization plateau observed in recent experiments arises from these√3×√3 VBS states with fractional spin moments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12434016 and 12474380)Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B0101-90001)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406900)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2025A1515010714)。
文摘Spin-momentum locking is widely regarded as an inherent property of evanescent waves,where the transverse spin angular momentum is intrinsically tied to the wave's polarization.This principle is well established in systems such as surface plasmon polaritons,surface elastic waves,and other evanescent modes.Here,we theoretically unveil an anomalous breakdown of spin-momentum locking in evanescent electromagnetic waves at a metalgyromagnetic interface.We show that the hybrid polarization of the field induces two successive reversals of transverse spin near the interface—directly violating the conventional locking between spin and momentum.As a result,identical chiral sources placed at different heights above the interface excite evanescent waves propagating in opposite directions,defying standard expectations.This discovery challenges the presumed universality of spin-momentum locking and opens new degrees of freedom for controlling wave propagation in photonic and plasmonic systems.
基金the SERB,Department of Science and Technology,Government of India(Project No.EMR/2017/001456)aIISER Kolkata IPh.D fellowship for research.
文摘We demonstrate an effective and optimal strategy for generating spatially resolved longitudinal spin angular momentum(LSAM)in optical tweezers by tightly focusing the first-order spirally polarized vector(SPV)beams with zero intrinsic angular momentum into a refractive index stratified medium.The stratified medium gives rise to a spherically aberrated intensity profile near the focal region of the optical tweezers,with off-axis intensity lobes in the radial direction possessing opposite LSAM(helicities corresponding toσ=+1 and−1)compared to the beam center.We trap mesoscopic birefringent particles in an off-axis intensity lobe as well as at the beam center by modifying the trapping plane and observe particles spinning in opposite directions depending on their location.The direction of rotation depends on the particle size with larger particles spinning either clockwise or anticlockwise depending on the direction of spirality of the polarization of the SPV beam after tight focusing,while smaller particles spin in both directions depending on their spatial locations.Numerical simulations support our experimental observations.Our results introduce new avenues in spin-orbit optomechanics to facilitate novel yet straightforward avenues for exotic and complex particle manipulation in optical tweezers.
