Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs).The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown.Most stud...Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs).The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown.Most studies utilize gene knockout mice to explain the mechanisms.However,the production of genetically engineered mice is costly and time-consuming.In this study,we presented a convenient research strategy using an RNA interference(RNAi)and testicular transplantation approach.Histone H3 lysine 9(H3K9)methylation was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis.As Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A(JMJD1A)and Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C(JMJD2C)demethylases catalyze histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation(H3K9me2),we firstly analyzed the expression profile of the two demethylases and then investigated their function.Using the convenient research strategy,we showed that normal spermatogenesis is disrupted due to the downregulated expression of both demethylases.These results suggest that this strategy might be a simple and alternative approach for analyzing spermatogenesis relative to the gene knockout mice strategy.展开更多
Testicular development is an important biological process in male and requires interaction between the male germ cells and somatic cells.However,the mechanisms of testicular development in livestock,particularly in ca...Testicular development is an important biological process in male and requires interaction between the male germ cells and somatic cells.However,the mechanisms of testicular development in livestock,particularly in cattle,are poorly understood.Furthermore,cellular heterogeneity hinders the profiling of different cell types at different developmental stages.In this study,we first performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of the bovine testis development during puberty by using 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).By collecting the scRNA-seq data from 11,083 cells from prepubertal and pubertal bovine testes,a high-resolution scRNA-seq atlas was described,identifying 9 somatic and 13 spermatogenic clusters.We also distinguished several stage-specific marker genes for bovine germ cells and somatic cells,such as GRAF2 and MORC1 for SSC(spermatogonial stem cells),HJURP and TCF19 for differentiating spermatogonia,ARSE for immature Sertoli,CLEC12B for mature Sertoli,LOC112441470 for Leydig.In conclusion,we have examined the transcription levels and constructed the single-cell developmental maps of germ cells and somatic cells during testicular development in Angus cattle.The datasets provided new insights into spermatogenesis and testicular somatic cell development in cattle.展开更多
Male germ cells employ specific metabolic pathways throughout their developmental stages.In a previous study,we discovered heightened expression of pyruvate kinase M(PKM),a pivotal glycolytic enzyme,in spermatogonia a...Male germ cells employ specific metabolic pathways throughout their developmental stages.In a previous study,we discovered heightened expression of pyruvate kinase M(PKM),a pivotal glycolytic enzyme,in spermatogonia and spermatids.To gain deeper insights into PKM's roles in spermatogenesis,sperm function,and male fertility,we engineered a conditional-knockout mouse model(Pkm-vkO mice)to selectively disrupt the Pkm gene within germ cells.Despite maintaining regular testicular histology and sperm morphology,the male Pkm-vko mice were infertility,characterized by significant impairments in sperm motility and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation.In addition,Pkm-null spermatozoa exhibited similar deficits in protein tyrosine phosphorylation linked to capacitation,as well as compromised performance in in vitro fertilization experiments.To conclude,PKM's presence is not obligatory for the entirety of spermatogenesis in male germ cells;however,it emerges as a critical factor influencing sperm motility and overall male fertility.展开更多
In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the re...In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the reproductive toxicity of sulfamethazine(SMZ)and nanoplastics(polystyrene,PS)via the dietary route on the spermatogenesis of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)was examined.After 30 d of dietary exposure,SMZ alone decreased the gonadosomatic index(GSI)value(~35%)and the proportion of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia(A_(und))(~40%),probably by disrupting the testicular sex hormone production,the spermatogenesis-related growth factor network and the balance of apoptosis.Individual exposure to PS did not affect the GSI value or the proportions of germ cells at different developmental stages,but dysregulated the expression of several spermatogenesis-related genes.Interestingly,the presence of PS alleviated the decreased GSI value caused by SMZ.This alleviation effect was achieved by enhancing the spermatogonia differentiation instead of reversing the suppressed self-renewal of A_(und),suggesting that the mixture of PS and SMZ could cause reproductive effects in a different way.These findings expand our knowledge of threats of ubiquitous antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution to fish reproduction and population.展开更多
Spermatogenic cell heterogeneity is determined by the complex process of spermatogenesis differentiation.However,effectively revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenic cell development and ...Spermatogenic cell heterogeneity is determined by the complex process of spermatogenesis differentiation.However,effectively revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenic cell development and differentiation via traditional methods is difficult.Advances in technology have led to the emergence of many single-cell transcriptome sequencing protocols,which have partially addressed these challenges.In this review,we detail the principles of 10x Genomics technology and summarize the methods for downstream analysis of single-cell transcriptome sequencing data.Furthermore,we explore the role of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in revealing the heterogeneity of testicular ecological niche cells,delineating the establishment and disruption of testicular immune homeostasis during human spermatogenesis,investigating abnormal spermatogenesis in humans,and,ultimately,elucidating the molecular evolution of mammalian spermatogenesis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the successive morphological stages of spermatogenesis,hormonal regulation,and testosterone profile in dromedary camel reproduction.Methods:Testicular tissue samples were obtained from 12 drom...Objective:To investigate the successive morphological stages of spermatogenesis,hormonal regulation,and testosterone profile in dromedary camel reproduction.Methods:Testicular tissue samples were obtained from 12 dromedary bull camels aged 7 to 8 at a local abattoir.The histological assessment involved tissue processing,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,and examination under a microscope.Stereological analysis,germ cell identification,and assessment of seminiferous tubules and maturation were conducted.Testosterone assay was performed by radioimmunoassay using blood samples collected at regular intervals.Results:The study revealed 12 phases of the dromedary camel's seminiferous epithelium cycle,highlighting distinct morphological characteristics and cellular processes.Acrosomal migration,maturation,cap formation,and the Golgi-mediated synthesis of proacrosomal vesicles were also explained in dimension,as were the steps of acrosome biogenesis.Spermatids and mature sperm cells were present when spermatogenesis phases were examined.An analysis of the dimensions of seminiferous tubules revealed specific measures for diameter,area,and epithelial height about luminal characteristics.Moreover,there were noticeable variations in the serum testosterone concentrations during the study period,indicating temporal dynamics.Conclusions:This study outlines the spermatogenesis process in dromedary camels across 12 stages,emphasizing cellular dynamics and acrosomal biogenesis.It also provides seminiferous tubule measurements and observes seasonal testosterone fluctuations,offering insights into reproductive regulation and potential strategies for camel breeding conservation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome(PSIS)is a rare anatomical defect of the pituitary gland falling under the spectrum of holoprosencephaly phenotypes.It is characterized by a deficiency in anterior pitui...BACKGROUND Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome(PSIS)is a rare anatomical defect of the pituitary gland falling under the spectrum of holoprosencephaly phenotypes.It is characterized by a deficiency in anterior pituitary hormones,such as growth hormone,gonadotropins,and thyroid hormones.Due to the syndrome's rarity and nonspecific manifestations,there is a lack of standardized treatment strategies.Consequently,early diagnosis through imaging and on-time intervention are crucial for improving patients’outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man presented with absent secondary sexual characteristics and azoospermia.Laboratory evaluation revealed a deficiency in gonadotropins,while thyroid function was mostly within normal ranges.Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland showed pituitary stalk agenesis,hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary,and ectopic posterior pituitary,leading to the diagnosis of PSIS.Initially,the patient underwent 6 mo of gonadotropin therapy without significant changes in hormone levels and secondary sexual characteristics.Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy was then administered,resulting in the detection of sperm in the semen analysis within 3 mo.After 6 mo,routine semen tests showed normal semen quality.The couple faced challenges in conceiving due to abstinence and underwent three cycles of artificial insemination,which was unsuccessful.They also attempted in vitro fertilization,but unfortunately,the woman experienced a miscarriage 10 wk after the embryo transfer.CONCLUSION Early detection,accurate diagnosis,and timely treatment are crucial in improving the quality of life and fertility of PSIS patients.展开更多
Morphology of the male reproductive system, chromosome behaviors during meiosis and spem tail structures in Homoptera and Heteroptera are compared in this paper. The sheathed testis is found in Fulgoroidea and Heterop...Morphology of the male reproductive system, chromosome behaviors during meiosis and spem tail structures in Homoptera and Heteroptera are compared in this paper. The sheathed testis is found in Fulgoroidea and Heteroptera, and unsheathed testis occurs in Cicadoidea, Cicadelloidea, Cercopoidea, Membracoidea, Psyloidea, Aphidoidea, Aleyrodoidea and Coccoidea. The testis also can be divide into three types by the shape of testicular follicles. The sphere-shaped type is found in Cicadoidea, Cicadelloidea, Cercopoidea, Membracoidea, Aphidoidea and Aleyrodoidea, the tube-shaped type observed in Fulgoroidea, Psyloidea and Coccoidea, and the lamella-shaped type represented by Heteroptera. It is suggested the unsheathed testis may be the primitive type in Homoptera. Meiosis can be divided into 6 type at least, i.e. 1） Cicadoid type; 2） Fulgoroid type; 3） Psyloid type; 4） Aphidoid type; 5） Aleyrodoid type; and 6） Coccoid type. At least four groups exhibit a diffuse stage during meiosis prophase l, they are Psyloidea, Fulgoroidea, Coccoidea and Heteroptera. Sperm tail structures are similar to those reported from other insects with a typical 9＋9＋2 axoneme except that in Aleyrodoidea and Coccoidea whose sperm tail is degenerated.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2021QC182).
文摘Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs).The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown.Most studies utilize gene knockout mice to explain the mechanisms.However,the production of genetically engineered mice is costly and time-consuming.In this study,we presented a convenient research strategy using an RNA interference(RNAi)and testicular transplantation approach.Histone H3 lysine 9(H3K9)methylation was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis.As Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A(JMJD1A)and Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C(JMJD2C)demethylases catalyze histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation(H3K9me2),we firstly analyzed the expression profile of the two demethylases and then investigated their function.Using the convenient research strategy,we showed that normal spermatogenesis is disrupted due to the downregulated expression of both demethylases.These results suggest that this strategy might be a simple and alternative approach for analyzing spermatogenesis relative to the gene knockout mice strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770514)the 2020 Scientist Plus Engineer Program of Shaanxi Province,China(K4050422468)+2 种基金the Key Research&Development Plan of Shaanxi Province,China(2020NY-002)the Natural Science Basis Research Plan of Shaanxi Province,China(2023-JC-QN-0242)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-37)。
文摘Testicular development is an important biological process in male and requires interaction between the male germ cells and somatic cells.However,the mechanisms of testicular development in livestock,particularly in cattle,are poorly understood.Furthermore,cellular heterogeneity hinders the profiling of different cell types at different developmental stages.In this study,we first performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of the bovine testis development during puberty by using 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).By collecting the scRNA-seq data from 11,083 cells from prepubertal and pubertal bovine testes,a high-resolution scRNA-seq atlas was described,identifying 9 somatic and 13 spermatogenic clusters.We also distinguished several stage-specific marker genes for bovine germ cells and somatic cells,such as GRAF2 and MORC1 for SSC(spermatogonial stem cells),HJURP and TCF19 for differentiating spermatogonia,ARSE for immature Sertoli,CLEC12B for mature Sertoli,LOC112441470 for Leydig.In conclusion,we have examined the transcription levels and constructed the single-cell developmental maps of germ cells and somatic cells during testicular development in Angus cattle.The datasets provided new insights into spermatogenesis and testicular somatic cell development in cattle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571488 and No.81771637).
文摘Male germ cells employ specific metabolic pathways throughout their developmental stages.In a previous study,we discovered heightened expression of pyruvate kinase M(PKM),a pivotal glycolytic enzyme,in spermatogonia and spermatids.To gain deeper insights into PKM's roles in spermatogenesis,sperm function,and male fertility,we engineered a conditional-knockout mouse model(Pkm-vkO mice)to selectively disrupt the Pkm gene within germ cells.Despite maintaining regular testicular histology and sperm morphology,the male Pkm-vko mice were infertility,characterized by significant impairments in sperm motility and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation.In addition,Pkm-null spermatozoa exhibited similar deficits in protein tyrosine phosphorylation linked to capacitation,as well as compromised performance in in vitro fertilization experiments.To conclude,PKM's presence is not obligatory for the entirety of spermatogenesis in male germ cells;however,it emerges as a critical factor influencing sperm motility and overall male fertility.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42106119the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province under contract Nos 2022J02052,2020J05175 and 2020J05178+1 种基金the Fujian Provincial Department of Ocean and Fisheries under contract No.FJHJF-L-2022-12the Yancheng Fishery High Quality Development Project under contract No.YCSCYJ2021023.
文摘In the coastal environment,the co-occurrence of antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution is common.Investigating their individual and combined toxicity to marine organisms is of great necessity.In the present study,the reproductive toxicity of sulfamethazine(SMZ)and nanoplastics(polystyrene,PS)via the dietary route on the spermatogenesis of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)was examined.After 30 d of dietary exposure,SMZ alone decreased the gonadosomatic index(GSI)value(~35%)and the proportion of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia(A_(und))(~40%),probably by disrupting the testicular sex hormone production,the spermatogenesis-related growth factor network and the balance of apoptosis.Individual exposure to PS did not affect the GSI value or the proportions of germ cells at different developmental stages,but dysregulated the expression of several spermatogenesis-related genes.Interestingly,the presence of PS alleviated the decreased GSI value caused by SMZ.This alleviation effect was achieved by enhancing the spermatogonia differentiation instead of reversing the suppressed self-renewal of A_(und),suggesting that the mixture of PS and SMZ could cause reproductive effects in a different way.These findings expand our knowledge of threats of ubiquitous antibiotic and nanoplastic pollution to fish reproduction and population.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1302201,2023YFF1000904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072806,32372970)+2 种基金Key Technologies Demonstration of Animal Husbandry in Shaanxi Province(20221086,20230978)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Competition Leaders(2022JBGS0025)Xinjian Ugur Autonouous Region Scientific Research and Innovation Platform Construction Project“State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm”。
文摘Spermatogenic cell heterogeneity is determined by the complex process of spermatogenesis differentiation.However,effectively revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenic cell development and differentiation via traditional methods is difficult.Advances in technology have led to the emergence of many single-cell transcriptome sequencing protocols,which have partially addressed these challenges.In this review,we detail the principles of 10x Genomics technology and summarize the methods for downstream analysis of single-cell transcriptome sequencing data.Furthermore,we explore the role of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in revealing the heterogeneity of testicular ecological niche cells,delineating the establishment and disruption of testicular immune homeostasis during human spermatogenesis,investigating abnormal spermatogenesis in humans,and,ultimately,elucidating the molecular evolution of mammalian spermatogenesis.
文摘Objective:To investigate the successive morphological stages of spermatogenesis,hormonal regulation,and testosterone profile in dromedary camel reproduction.Methods:Testicular tissue samples were obtained from 12 dromedary bull camels aged 7 to 8 at a local abattoir.The histological assessment involved tissue processing,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,and examination under a microscope.Stereological analysis,germ cell identification,and assessment of seminiferous tubules and maturation were conducted.Testosterone assay was performed by radioimmunoassay using blood samples collected at regular intervals.Results:The study revealed 12 phases of the dromedary camel's seminiferous epithelium cycle,highlighting distinct morphological characteristics and cellular processes.Acrosomal migration,maturation,cap formation,and the Golgi-mediated synthesis of proacrosomal vesicles were also explained in dimension,as were the steps of acrosome biogenesis.Spermatids and mature sperm cells were present when spermatogenesis phases were examined.An analysis of the dimensions of seminiferous tubules revealed specific measures for diameter,area,and epithelial height about luminal characteristics.Moreover,there were noticeable variations in the serum testosterone concentrations during the study period,indicating temporal dynamics.Conclusions:This study outlines the spermatogenesis process in dromedary camels across 12 stages,emphasizing cellular dynamics and acrosomal biogenesis.It also provides seminiferous tubule measurements and observes seasonal testosterone fluctuations,offering insights into reproductive regulation and potential strategies for camel breeding conservation.
基金Weifang Fundamental Research Projects,No.WFWSJK-2023-052.
文摘BACKGROUND Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome(PSIS)is a rare anatomical defect of the pituitary gland falling under the spectrum of holoprosencephaly phenotypes.It is characterized by a deficiency in anterior pituitary hormones,such as growth hormone,gonadotropins,and thyroid hormones.Due to the syndrome's rarity and nonspecific manifestations,there is a lack of standardized treatment strategies.Consequently,early diagnosis through imaging and on-time intervention are crucial for improving patients’outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man presented with absent secondary sexual characteristics and azoospermia.Laboratory evaluation revealed a deficiency in gonadotropins,while thyroid function was mostly within normal ranges.Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland showed pituitary stalk agenesis,hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary,and ectopic posterior pituitary,leading to the diagnosis of PSIS.Initially,the patient underwent 6 mo of gonadotropin therapy without significant changes in hormone levels and secondary sexual characteristics.Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy was then administered,resulting in the detection of sperm in the semen analysis within 3 mo.After 6 mo,routine semen tests showed normal semen quality.The couple faced challenges in conceiving due to abstinence and underwent three cycles of artificial insemination,which was unsuccessful.They also attempted in vitro fertilization,but unfortunately,the woman experienced a miscarriage 10 wk after the embryo transfer.CONCLUSION Early detection,accurate diagnosis,and timely treatment are crucial in improving the quality of life and fertility of PSIS patients.
文摘Morphology of the male reproductive system, chromosome behaviors during meiosis and spem tail structures in Homoptera and Heteroptera are compared in this paper. The sheathed testis is found in Fulgoroidea and Heteroptera, and unsheathed testis occurs in Cicadoidea, Cicadelloidea, Cercopoidea, Membracoidea, Psyloidea, Aphidoidea, Aleyrodoidea and Coccoidea. The testis also can be divide into three types by the shape of testicular follicles. The sphere-shaped type is found in Cicadoidea, Cicadelloidea, Cercopoidea, Membracoidea, Aphidoidea and Aleyrodoidea, the tube-shaped type observed in Fulgoroidea, Psyloidea and Coccoidea, and the lamella-shaped type represented by Heteroptera. It is suggested the unsheathed testis may be the primitive type in Homoptera. Meiosis can be divided into 6 type at least, i.e. 1） Cicadoid type; 2） Fulgoroid type; 3） Psyloid type; 4） Aphidoid type; 5） Aleyrodoid type; and 6） Coccoid type. At least four groups exhibit a diffuse stage during meiosis prophase l, they are Psyloidea, Fulgoroidea, Coccoidea and Heteroptera. Sperm tail structures are similar to those reported from other insects with a typical 9＋9＋2 axoneme except that in Aleyrodoidea and Coccoidea whose sperm tail is degenerated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273747)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2702900)the Chongqing Graduate Research Innovation Project(No.CYB240297)。
