The People’s Bank of China（PBOC）recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service（Trial）and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are ...The People’s Bank of China（PBOC）recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service（Trial）and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are to take effect on April 1,2018.Payment institutions must obtain proper permits to offer barcode-based payment services by then.Payments with QR codes are increasingly common in China for purchases in large or small shops,展开更多
An application programming interface (API) usage specifcation, which includes the conditions, calling sequences, and semantic relationships of the API, is important for verifying its correct usage, which is in turn cr...An application programming interface (API) usage specifcation, which includes the conditions, calling sequences, and semantic relationships of the API, is important for verifying its correct usage, which is in turn critical for ensur-ingthe security and availability of the target program. However, existing techniques either mine the co-occurring relationships of multiple APIs without considering their semantic relationships, or they use data fow and control fow information to extract semantic beliefs on API pairs but difcult to incorporate when mining specifcations for mul-tipleAPIs. Hence, we propose an API specifcation mining approach that efciently extracts a relatively complete list of the API combinations and semantic relationships between APIs. This approach analyzes a target program in two stages. The frst stage uses frequent API set mining based on frequent common API identifcation and fltra-tionto extract the maximal set of frequent context-sensitive API sequences. In the second stage, the API relationship graph is constructed using three semantic relationships extracted from the symbolic path information, and the speci-fcationscontaining semantic relationships for multiple APIs are mined. The experimental results on six popular open-source code bases of diferent scales show that the proposed two-stage approach not only yields better results than existing typical approaches, but also can efectively discover the specifcations along with the semantic rela-tionshipsfor multiple APIs. Instance analysis shows that the analysis of security-related API call violations can assist in the cause analysis and patch of software vulnerabilities.展开更多
Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urb...Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urban areas remain poorly understood.This study aims to identify the spatial diferentiations and potential infuencing factors of TB in highly urbanized regions on a fne scale.Methods:This study included 18 socioeconomic and environmental variables in the four central districts of Guangzhou,China.TB case data obtained from the Guangzhou Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention.Before using Pearson correlation and a geographical detector(GD)to identify potential infuencing factors,we conducted a global spatial autocorrelation analysis to select an appropriate spatial scales.Results:Owing to its strong spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.33,Z=4.71),the 2 km×2 km grid was selected as the spatial scale.At this level,TB incidence was closely associated with most socioeconomic variables(0.31<r<0.76,P<0.01).Of fve environmental factors,only the concentration of fne particulate matter displayed signifcant correlation(r=0.21,P<0.05).Similarly,in terms of q values derived from the GD,socioeconomic variables had stronger explanatory abilities(0.08<q<0.57)for the spatial diferentiation of the 2017 incidence of TB than environmental variables(0.06<q<0.27).Moreover,a much larger proportion(0.16<q<0.89)of the spatial diferentiation was interpreted by pairwise interactions,especially those(0.60<q<0.89)related to the 2016 incidence of TB,ofcially appointed medical institutions,bus stops,and road density.Conclusions:The spatial heterogeneity of the 2017 incidence of TB in the study area was considerably infuenced by several socioeconomic and environmental factors and their pairwise interactions on a fne scale.We suggest that more attention should be paid to the units with pairwise interacting factors in Guangzhou.Our study provides helpful clues for local authorities implementing more efective intervention measures to reduce TB incidence in China’s municipal areas,which are featured by both a high degree of urbanization and a high incidence of TB.展开更多
文摘The People’s Bank of China（PBOC）recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service（Trial）and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are to take effect on April 1,2018.Payment institutions must obtain proper permits to offer barcode-based payment services by then.Payments with QR codes are increasingly common in China for purchases in large or small shops,
文摘An application programming interface (API) usage specifcation, which includes the conditions, calling sequences, and semantic relationships of the API, is important for verifying its correct usage, which is in turn critical for ensur-ingthe security and availability of the target program. However, existing techniques either mine the co-occurring relationships of multiple APIs without considering their semantic relationships, or they use data fow and control fow information to extract semantic beliefs on API pairs but difcult to incorporate when mining specifcations for mul-tipleAPIs. Hence, we propose an API specifcation mining approach that efciently extracts a relatively complete list of the API combinations and semantic relationships between APIs. This approach analyzes a target program in two stages. The frst stage uses frequent API set mining based on frequent common API identifcation and fltra-tionto extract the maximal set of frequent context-sensitive API sequences. In the second stage, the API relationship graph is constructed using three semantic relationships extracted from the symbolic path information, and the speci-fcationscontaining semantic relationships for multiple APIs are mined. The experimental results on six popular open-source code bases of diferent scales show that the proposed two-stage approach not only yields better results than existing typical approaches, but also can efectively discover the specifcations along with the semantic rela-tionshipsfor multiple APIs. Instance analysis shows that the analysis of security-related API call violations can assist in the cause analysis and patch of software vulnerabilities.
文摘Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urban areas remain poorly understood.This study aims to identify the spatial diferentiations and potential infuencing factors of TB in highly urbanized regions on a fne scale.Methods:This study included 18 socioeconomic and environmental variables in the four central districts of Guangzhou,China.TB case data obtained from the Guangzhou Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention.Before using Pearson correlation and a geographical detector(GD)to identify potential infuencing factors,we conducted a global spatial autocorrelation analysis to select an appropriate spatial scales.Results:Owing to its strong spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.33,Z=4.71),the 2 km×2 km grid was selected as the spatial scale.At this level,TB incidence was closely associated with most socioeconomic variables(0.31<r<0.76,P<0.01).Of fve environmental factors,only the concentration of fne particulate matter displayed signifcant correlation(r=0.21,P<0.05).Similarly,in terms of q values derived from the GD,socioeconomic variables had stronger explanatory abilities(0.08<q<0.57)for the spatial diferentiation of the 2017 incidence of TB than environmental variables(0.06<q<0.27).Moreover,a much larger proportion(0.16<q<0.89)of the spatial diferentiation was interpreted by pairwise interactions,especially those(0.60<q<0.89)related to the 2016 incidence of TB,ofcially appointed medical institutions,bus stops,and road density.Conclusions:The spatial heterogeneity of the 2017 incidence of TB in the study area was considerably infuenced by several socioeconomic and environmental factors and their pairwise interactions on a fne scale.We suggest that more attention should be paid to the units with pairwise interacting factors in Guangzhou.Our study provides helpful clues for local authorities implementing more efective intervention measures to reduce TB incidence in China’s municipal areas,which are featured by both a high degree of urbanization and a high incidence of TB.
