Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely ...Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.展开更多
Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy ...Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.展开更多
Theoretical minimum and actual specific energy consumptions （SEC） of typical manufacturing process （SMP） were studied. Firstly, a process division of a typical SMP in question was conducted with the theory of SEC ...Theoretical minimum and actual specific energy consumptions （SEC） of typical manufacturing process （SMP） were studied. Firstly, a process division of a typical SMP in question was conducted with the theory of SEC analysis. Secondly, an exergy analysis model of a subsystem consisting of several parallel processes and a SEC analysis model of SMP were developed. And finally, based on the analysis models, the SEC of SMP was analyzed by means of the statistical significance. The results show that the SEC of typical SMP comprises the theoretical minimum SEC and the additional SEC derived from the irreversibility~ and the SMP has a theoretical minimum SEC of 6.74 GJ/t and an additional SEC of 19.32 GJ/t, which account for 25.88% and 74.12% of the actual SEC, respectively.展开更多
In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testin...In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.展开更多
Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents...Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents a challenge.By exploiting the catalytic selectivity derived from the valence-band hybridization of noble metal nanoalloys,we introduce an alloying strategy to modulate the reaction specificity of metallic nanozymes.Ag Pd nanoalloy exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity and eliminated oxidase-like activity by adjusting the Ag content.The introduction of Ag changes the hybrid d band energy of the alloyed metal and inhibits the O_(2)adsorption and decomposition on Pd,while improving the peroxidase mimicry by allowing for the H_(2)O_(2)activation.By exemplifying the construction of a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric glucose detection platform with its practicality validated in serum samples,this strategy pioneers a multi-noble metal nanozyme with tailored peroxidase activity based on the chemical structure engineering and would advance the development of single-catalytic function nanozymes for building exclusively specific biosensors through reducing substrate competition.展开更多
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiom...Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.展开更多
HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use o...HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use of single-bead antigen assays,more was learned about donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)against these antigens.Interest in these antigens and antibodies grew when cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection(AMR),mixed rejections,chronic AMR,and reduced graft survival were reported with DSAs against these antigens.Although the deleterious effects of these DSAs are more pronounced in retransplants,harmful effects have also been observed in first-time recipients.DSAs against each of these antigens can trigger rejection alone.Their combination with DSAs against HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR can cause more damage.It has been shown that strategies that reduce mismatches for these antigen lead to fewer rejections and better graft survival.There is a need for greater consensus on the universal typing of these antigens prior to transplantation for better patient and graft outcomes.This review focuses on the interaction of these antigens with lymphocytes and killer immunoglobulin receptors,arguments for not typing them,detailed analyses of the literature about their harmful effects,potential strategies moving forward,and recommendations for the future.展开更多
Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and ...Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.展开更多
The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to t...The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to the separation of rare earths and calcium in the solution,as well as the preparation of rare earth oxides with a large specific surface.It is shown that the process of CO_(2)carbonization of solution includes reactions such as the dissolution,diffusion and ionization of CO_(2),the carbonate precipitation of rare earth ions,and the neutralization of hydrogen ions.At a pH of 4.5,the carbonization precipitation rate is effectively controlled,enabling homogeneous precipitation and ensuring both high precipitation yield and rare earth oxides purity.In this way,the crystallization of carbonization products is a process dominated by the oriented attachment theory and coexisting with the Ostwald ripening theory,resulting in abundant pores formed by multiple layers of stacking in the products.With the optimal carbonization conditions,the rare earth precipitation yield solution reaches 99.32%.The obtained carbonization products are crystalline(LaCe)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O,and the purity of the rare earth oxides is as high as 99.22 wt%.The specific surface area of the rare earth oxides reaches 94.7 m^(2)/g,and its adsorption efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride in solution can reach 92.6%in a short time.The rare earth oxides are expected to be used as an adsorption material for wastewater treatment and other adsorption environments.展开更多
This work develops a protein imprinted nanosphere with varied recognition specificity for bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(Lyz)under different UV light through a gradient dual crosslinked imprinting strategy(i.e....This work develops a protein imprinted nanosphere with varied recognition specificity for bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(Lyz)under different UV light through a gradient dual crosslinked imprinting strategy(i.e.,covalent crosslinking and dynamic reversible crosslinking).The imprinting cavities are initially constructed using irreversible covalent crosslinking to specifically recognize BSA,and then the coumarin residues in the imprinting cavities are crosslinked under 365 nm UV light to further imprint Lyz,because Lyz has smaller size than BSA.Since the photo-crosslinking of coumarin is a reversible reaction,the imprinting cavities of Lyz can be de-crosslinked under 254 nm UV light and restore the imprinting cavities of BSA.Moreover,the N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAM)and pyrrolidine residues copolymerized in the polymeric surface of the nanospheres are temperature-and p H-responsive respectively.Therefore,the protein rebinding and release behaviors of the nanospheres are controlled by external temperature and p H.As a result,the materials can selectively separate BSA from real bovine whole blood and Lyz from egg white under different UV light.This study may provide a new strategy for construction of protein imprinted materials with tunable specificity for different proteins.展开更多
Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environment...Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.展开更多
Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant known for its cardiovascular and metabolic effects.However,its impact on cardiovascular risk,including arrhythmias,in older adults remains underexplored.Emerging evidence highli...Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant known for its cardiovascular and metabolic effects.However,its impact on cardiovascular risk,including arrhythmias,in older adults remains underexplored.Emerging evidence highlights sex-specific differences in caffeine metabolism,which may influence its role in cardiovascular health.This perspective examines the interaction between caffeine,hormonal changes,metabolic processes,and lifestyle factors,focusing on older women compared to men.Understanding these differences is essential for tailoring dietary and clinical recommendations to mitigate cardiovascular risks and promote healthy aging.展开更多
Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting...Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting their structures and biochemical activities.Over the last few years,a variety of promising strategies have been devised that address these challenges including those that involve introduction of small-size peptide tags or unnatural amino acids(UAAs),chemical labeling of specific protein residues,and affinity-driven labeling.This review summarizes recent developments made in the area of site-specific protein labeling utilizing genetically encoding-and chemical-based methods,and discusses future issues that need to be addressed by researchers in this field.展开更多
Iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)with intrinsic peroxidase(POD)-mimic activity have gained significant attention as nanozymes.Reducing sizes of IONPs is the mostly applied strategy to boost their enzymatic activity due ...Iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)with intrinsic peroxidase(POD)-mimic activity have gained significant attention as nanozymes.Reducing sizes of IONPs is the mostly applied strategy to boost their enzymatic activity due to their high specific surface areas.Herein,we synthesized a series of uniformly sized IONPs ranging from3.17 to 21.2 nm,and found that POD activity of IONPs is not monotone increased by reducing their sizes,with the optimal size of 7.82 nm rather than smaller sized 3.17 nm.The reason for this unnormal phenomenon is that electronic structure also had great influence on POD activity,especially at the ultrasmall size region.Since Fe^(2+)are with higher enzymatic activity than Fe^(3+),3.17 nm IONPs although have the largest specific surface area,are prone to be oxidized,which reduced their iron content and ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+),and consequently decreased their POD activity.By intentionally oxidized 7.82 nm IONPs in air,POD activity was obviously reduced,illustrating electronic structure cannot be overlooked.At the larger sized region ranging from 7.82 to 21.2 nm,oxidation degree of IONPs is similar,and surface electronic structure had a negligible effect on POD activity,and therefore,POD activity is predominantly influenced by specific surface area.By using the optimized 7.82 nm IONPs,tumor growth was obviously inhibited,demonstrating their potential in cancer therapeutics.Our results reveal that the designing of nanozymes should comprehensively balance their influence of surface electronic structure and specific surface area.展开更多
This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through...This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.展开更多
The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25...The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25-day storage period at 4℃.After 15 days of storage,S erratia proteamaculans and Pseudomonas fragi became the predominant bacteria.Furthermore,physicochemical properties changed significantly,as evidenced by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and b*(yellowness)value,and a decrease in hardness.A total of 65 VOCs were identified during storage.Correlation between bacterial succession and quality indicators(including VOCs and physicochemical properties)allowed the identification of 26 core dominant bacteria,including S.proteamaculans,Psychrobacter alimentarius,Pseudomonas putida,and Pseudomonas poae,which were positively related to spoilage VOCs(e.g.,1-octen-3-ol,1-pentanol,and 3-methyl-1-butanol)and could be defined as specific spoilage organisms(SSOs).The results of this study provide a systematic approach to predict SSOs in smoked chicken legs during storage,which can also provide a basis for product safety.展开更多
Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based...Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based BMGs,restricting their commercial applications significantly.In this study,this challenge was addressed by introducing a two-step alloying strategy to mitigate the remarkable density increment effect associated with heavy alloying elements required for enhancing the GFA.Consequently,through two-step alloying with Al and Fe in sequence,simultaneous enhancements in specific strength and GFA were achieved based on a Ti-Zr-Be ternary metallic glass,resulting in the development of a series of centimeter-sized metallic glasses exhibiting ultrahigh-specific strength.Notably,the newly developed(Ti_(45)Zr_(20)Be_(31)A_(l4))_(94)Fe_(6)alloy established a new record for the specific strength of Ti-based BMGs.Along with a critical diameter(D_(c))of 10 mm,it offers the optimal scheme for balancing the specific strength and GFA of Ti-based BMGs.The present results further brighten the application prospects of Ti-based BMGs as lightweight materials.展开更多
Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,...Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.展开更多
In the field of specific emitter identification(SEI),power amplifiers(PAs)have long been recognized as significant contributors to unintentional modulation characteristics.To enhance signal quality,digital pre-distort...In the field of specific emitter identification(SEI),power amplifiers(PAs)have long been recognized as significant contributors to unintentional modulation characteristics.To enhance signal quality,digital pre-distortion(DPD)techniques are commonly employed in practical applications to mitigate the nonlinear effects of PAs.However,DPD techniques may diminish the distinctive characteristics of individual transmitters,potentially compromising SEI performance.This study investigates the influence of SEI in the presence of DPD applied to PAs.We construct a semi-physical emitter platform using AD9361 and ZYNQ,incorporating memory and non-memory models to emulate an amplification system comprising DPD devices and PAs.Furthermore,we delve into the analysis and evaluation of LMS-based and QRDRLS-based DPD algorithms to ascertain their efficacy in compensating for amplifier nonlinearity.Finally,we conduct a comprehensive set of experiments to demonstrate the adverse impact of DPD techniques on SEI.Our findings demonstrate a direct correlation between the degree of DPD performance and its impact magnitude on SEI,thereby providing a foundational basis for future studies investigating SEI techniques under DPD.展开更多
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
文摘Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFB3205500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275190,12105201)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB723)the Shenzhen Research Funding Program(JCYJ20230807154402004)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the 111 Project,the Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices,and the Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials and Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research.
文摘Conventional gas sensing materials(e.g.,metal oxides)suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites.Herein,the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials.Specifically,the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe_(2)O_(3)in the form of atomically dispersed sites.As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy,these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe_(2)O_(3)lattice,forming the unique Sn-O-Fe sites.Compared to Fe-O-Fe sites(from bare Fe_(2)O_(3))and Sn-O-Sn sites(from SnO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)with high Sn loading),the Sn-O-Fe sites on porous Fe_(2)O_(3)exhibit a superior sensitivity(Rg/Ra=2646.6)to 1 ppm NO_(2),along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection(10 ppb).Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO_(2)on Sn-O-Fe sites(N atom on Sn site,O atom on Fe site)contributes a more efficient gas response,compared to NO_(2)on Fe-O-Fe sites and other gases on Sn-O-Fe sites.Moreover,the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe_(2)O_(3),not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO_(2)adsorption at a low working temperature(150°C).This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules,potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
基金Item Sponsored by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N090602007)National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 11th Five-Year Plan Project of China(2006BAE03A09)
文摘Theoretical minimum and actual specific energy consumptions （SEC） of typical manufacturing process （SMP） were studied. Firstly, a process division of a typical SMP in question was conducted with the theory of SEC analysis. Secondly, an exergy analysis model of a subsystem consisting of several parallel processes and a SEC analysis model of SMP were developed. And finally, based on the analysis models, the SEC of SMP was analyzed by means of the statistical significance. The results show that the SEC of typical SMP comprises the theoretical minimum SEC and the additional SEC derived from the irreversibility~ and the SMP has a theoretical minimum SEC of 6.74 GJ/t and an additional SEC of 19.32 GJ/t, which account for 25.88% and 74.12% of the actual SEC, respectively.
文摘In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22074038)the Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Natural Science General Project(No.21010905)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Domestic Visiting Scholar Program of Shandong University of Science and Technology。
文摘Nanozymes,characterized by their stability,cost-effectiveness,and tunable catalytic activity,are promising alternatives to natural enzymes.However,specifically mimicking a single natural enzyme's activity presents a challenge.By exploiting the catalytic selectivity derived from the valence-band hybridization of noble metal nanoalloys,we introduce an alloying strategy to modulate the reaction specificity of metallic nanozymes.Ag Pd nanoalloy exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity and eliminated oxidase-like activity by adjusting the Ag content.The introduction of Ag changes the hybrid d band energy of the alloyed metal and inhibits the O_(2)adsorption and decomposition on Pd,while improving the peroxidase mimicry by allowing for the H_(2)O_(2)activation.By exemplifying the construction of a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric glucose detection platform with its practicality validated in serum samples,this strategy pioneers a multi-noble metal nanozyme with tailored peroxidase activity based on the chemical structure engineering and would advance the development of single-catalytic function nanozymes for building exclusively specific biosensors through reducing substrate competition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277104,22325703,22074084)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.202203021212184)+3 种基金Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Free Exploration)(No.202203021221009)2022 Lvliang City science and technology plan project(Nos.2022SHFZ51,2022GXYF15)Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University(No.201512)。
文摘Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.
文摘HLA-C,HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies.Historically,most allocation programs used HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching.With the advent and use of single-bead antigen assays,more was learned about donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)against these antigens.Interest in these antigens and antibodies grew when cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection(AMR),mixed rejections,chronic AMR,and reduced graft survival were reported with DSAs against these antigens.Although the deleterious effects of these DSAs are more pronounced in retransplants,harmful effects have also been observed in first-time recipients.DSAs against each of these antigens can trigger rejection alone.Their combination with DSAs against HLA-A,HLA-B and HLA-DR can cause more damage.It has been shown that strategies that reduce mismatches for these antigen lead to fewer rejections and better graft survival.There is a need for greater consensus on the universal typing of these antigens prior to transplantation for better patient and graft outcomes.This review focuses on the interaction of these antigens with lymphocytes and killer immunoglobulin receptors,arguments for not typing them,detailed analyses of the literature about their harmful effects,potential strategies moving forward,and recommendations for the future.
基金Projects(52372284,52275187,62004143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022BAA084)supported by the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(232300421135)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China。
文摘Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFC2905202)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232ACB204014)Youth Jinggang Scholars Program in Jiangxi Province(QNJG2019056)。
文摘The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to the separation of rare earths and calcium in the solution,as well as the preparation of rare earth oxides with a large specific surface.It is shown that the process of CO_(2)carbonization of solution includes reactions such as the dissolution,diffusion and ionization of CO_(2),the carbonate precipitation of rare earth ions,and the neutralization of hydrogen ions.At a pH of 4.5,the carbonization precipitation rate is effectively controlled,enabling homogeneous precipitation and ensuring both high precipitation yield and rare earth oxides purity.In this way,the crystallization of carbonization products is a process dominated by the oriented attachment theory and coexisting with the Ostwald ripening theory,resulting in abundant pores formed by multiple layers of stacking in the products.With the optimal carbonization conditions,the rare earth precipitation yield solution reaches 99.32%.The obtained carbonization products are crystalline(LaCe)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O,and the purity of the rare earth oxides is as high as 99.22 wt%.The specific surface area of the rare earth oxides reaches 94.7 m^(2)/g,and its adsorption efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride in solution can reach 92.6%in a short time.The rare earth oxides are expected to be used as an adsorption material for wastewater treatment and other adsorption environments.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275148)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1900201)for Qiuyu Zhang+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271232)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000230114)for Shixin Fathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000220339)for Qing Liu。
文摘This work develops a protein imprinted nanosphere with varied recognition specificity for bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(Lyz)under different UV light through a gradient dual crosslinked imprinting strategy(i.e.,covalent crosslinking and dynamic reversible crosslinking).The imprinting cavities are initially constructed using irreversible covalent crosslinking to specifically recognize BSA,and then the coumarin residues in the imprinting cavities are crosslinked under 365 nm UV light to further imprint Lyz,because Lyz has smaller size than BSA.Since the photo-crosslinking of coumarin is a reversible reaction,the imprinting cavities of Lyz can be de-crosslinked under 254 nm UV light and restore the imprinting cavities of BSA.Moreover,the N-isopropyl acrylamide(NIPAM)and pyrrolidine residues copolymerized in the polymeric surface of the nanospheres are temperature-and p H-responsive respectively.Therefore,the protein rebinding and release behaviors of the nanospheres are controlled by external temperature and p H.As a result,the materials can selectively separate BSA from real bovine whole blood and Lyz from egg white under different UV light.This study may provide a new strategy for construction of protein imprinted materials with tunable specificity for different proteins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872252)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)。
文摘Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.
文摘Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant known for its cardiovascular and metabolic effects.However,its impact on cardiovascular risk,including arrhythmias,in older adults remains underexplored.Emerging evidence highlights sex-specific differences in caffeine metabolism,which may influence its role in cardiovascular health.This perspective examines the interaction between caffeine,hormonal changes,metabolic processes,and lifestyle factors,focusing on older women compared to men.Understanding these differences is essential for tailoring dietary and clinical recommendations to mitigate cardiovascular risks and promote healthy aging.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2103600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278224,22478191)+1 种基金the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.KL21-08)。
文摘Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level.However,it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting their structures and biochemical activities.Over the last few years,a variety of promising strategies have been devised that address these challenges including those that involve introduction of small-size peptide tags or unnatural amino acids(UAAs),chemical labeling of specific protein residues,and affinity-driven labeling.This review summarizes recent developments made in the area of site-specific protein labeling utilizing genetically encoding-and chemical-based methods,and discusses future issues that need to be addressed by researchers in this field.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LR22E010001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073258)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.RF-B2022006)the R&D Program of Zhejiang University of Technology(No.KYY-HX-20190730)
文摘Iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)with intrinsic peroxidase(POD)-mimic activity have gained significant attention as nanozymes.Reducing sizes of IONPs is the mostly applied strategy to boost their enzymatic activity due to their high specific surface areas.Herein,we synthesized a series of uniformly sized IONPs ranging from3.17 to 21.2 nm,and found that POD activity of IONPs is not monotone increased by reducing their sizes,with the optimal size of 7.82 nm rather than smaller sized 3.17 nm.The reason for this unnormal phenomenon is that electronic structure also had great influence on POD activity,especially at the ultrasmall size region.Since Fe^(2+)are with higher enzymatic activity than Fe^(3+),3.17 nm IONPs although have the largest specific surface area,are prone to be oxidized,which reduced their iron content and ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+),and consequently decreased their POD activity.By intentionally oxidized 7.82 nm IONPs in air,POD activity was obviously reduced,illustrating electronic structure cannot be overlooked.At the larger sized region ranging from 7.82 to 21.2 nm,oxidation degree of IONPs is similar,and surface electronic structure had a negligible effect on POD activity,and therefore,POD activity is predominantly influenced by specific surface area.By using the optimized 7.82 nm IONPs,tumor growth was obviously inhibited,demonstrating their potential in cancer therapeutics.Our results reveal that the designing of nanozymes should comprehensively balance their influence of surface electronic structure and specific surface area.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.:2022YFC2503600)。
文摘This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20547)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Heilongjiang Province(2021ZX12B05 and 2020ZX07B02)。
文摘The present study monitored bacterial succession,physicochemical properties,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)changes in smoked chicken legs with modified atmosphere packaging(MAP,60% CO_(2) and 40%N_(2))during a 25-day storage period at 4℃.After 15 days of storage,S erratia proteamaculans and Pseudomonas fragi became the predominant bacteria.Furthermore,physicochemical properties changed significantly,as evidenced by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and b*(yellowness)value,and a decrease in hardness.A total of 65 VOCs were identified during storage.Correlation between bacterial succession and quality indicators(including VOCs and physicochemical properties)allowed the identification of 26 core dominant bacteria,including S.proteamaculans,Psychrobacter alimentarius,Pseudomonas putida,and Pseudomonas poae,which were positively related to spoilage VOCs(e.g.,1-octen-3-ol,1-pentanol,and 3-methyl-1-butanol)and could be defined as specific spoilage organisms(SSOs).The results of this study provide a systematic approach to predict SSOs in smoked chicken legs during storage,which can also provide a basis for product safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271148 and 51871129).
文摘Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based BMGs,restricting their commercial applications significantly.In this study,this challenge was addressed by introducing a two-step alloying strategy to mitigate the remarkable density increment effect associated with heavy alloying elements required for enhancing the GFA.Consequently,through two-step alloying with Al and Fe in sequence,simultaneous enhancements in specific strength and GFA were achieved based on a Ti-Zr-Be ternary metallic glass,resulting in the development of a series of centimeter-sized metallic glasses exhibiting ultrahigh-specific strength.Notably,the newly developed(Ti_(45)Zr_(20)Be_(31)A_(l4))_(94)Fe_(6)alloy established a new record for the specific strength of Ti-based BMGs.Along with a critical diameter(D_(c))of 10 mm,it offers the optimal scheme for balancing the specific strength and GFA of Ti-based BMGs.The present results further brighten the application prospects of Ti-based BMGs as lightweight materials.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5108-202218280A-2-396-XG).
文摘Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61671185 and 62071153.
文摘In the field of specific emitter identification(SEI),power amplifiers(PAs)have long been recognized as significant contributors to unintentional modulation characteristics.To enhance signal quality,digital pre-distortion(DPD)techniques are commonly employed in practical applications to mitigate the nonlinear effects of PAs.However,DPD techniques may diminish the distinctive characteristics of individual transmitters,potentially compromising SEI performance.This study investigates the influence of SEI in the presence of DPD applied to PAs.We construct a semi-physical emitter platform using AD9361 and ZYNQ,incorporating memory and non-memory models to emulate an amplification system comprising DPD devices and PAs.Furthermore,we delve into the analysis and evaluation of LMS-based and QRDRLS-based DPD algorithms to ascertain their efficacy in compensating for amplifier nonlinearity.Finally,we conduct a comprehensive set of experiments to demonstrate the adverse impact of DPD techniques on SEI.Our findings demonstrate a direct correlation between the degree of DPD performance and its impact magnitude on SEI,thereby providing a foundational basis for future studies investigating SEI techniques under DPD.
