Aim： To understand the biological functions of the ectoplasmic specializations between Sertoli cells and maturing spermatids in seminiferous epithelia. Methods： In order to disrupt the function of the ectoplasmic sp...Aim： To understand the biological functions of the ectoplasmic specializations between Sertoli cells and maturing spermatids in seminiferous epithelia. Methods： In order to disrupt the function of the ectoplasmic specializations, nectin-2, which is expressed at the specialization, was neutralized with anti-nectin-2 antibody micro-injected into the lumen of the mouse seminiferous tubule. Anti-nectin-3 antibody was also micro-injected into the lumen in order to neutralize nectin-3, which is expressed at the specialization. Results： The actin filaments at the specialization disappeared, and exfoliation of maturing spermatids was observed by electron microscopy. Conclusion： Nectin-2 was neutralized by anti-nectin-2 antibody and nectin-3 was neutralized by anti-nectin-3 antibody, respectively. Inactivated nectin-2 and nectin-3 disrupted the nectin-afadin-actin system, and finally the actin filaments disappeared. As a result, the specialization lost the holding function and detachment of spermatids was observed. One of the functions of the specialization seems to be to hold maturing spermatids until spermiation.展开更多
The cerebellum is critical for controlling motor and non-motor functions via cerebellar circuit that is composed of defined cell types, which approximately account for more than half of neurons in mammalsThe molecular...The cerebellum is critical for controlling motor and non-motor functions via cerebellar circuit that is composed of defined cell types, which approximately account for more than half of neurons in mammalsThe molecular mechanisms controlling developmental progression and maturation processes of various cerebellar cell types need systematic investigationHere, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of 21119 single cells of the postnatal mouse cerebellum and identified eight main cell clusters. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes revealed trajectory hierarchies of granule cells (GCs) at various states and implied roles of mitochondrion and ATPases in the maturation of Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output cells of the cerebellar cortexFurthermore, we analyzed gene expression patterns and co-expression networks of 28 ataxia risk genes, and found that most of them are related with biological process of mitochondrion and around half of them are enriched in PCs. Our results also suggested core transcription factors that are correlated with interneuron differentiation and characteristics for the expression of secretory proteins in glia cells, which may participate in neuronal modulationThus, this study presents a systematic landscape of cerebellar gene expression in defined cell types and a general gene expression framework for cerebellar development and dysfunction.展开更多
The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of ni...The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.展开更多
On December 18,2025, Hainan Free Trade Port (Hainan FTP) officially began islandwide special customs operations.Although only two months have passed since this landmark step, the shift is already visible everywhere—f...On December 18,2025, Hainan Free Trade Port (Hainan FTP) officially began islandwide special customs operations.Although only two months have passed since this landmark step, the shift is already visible everywhere—from the bustling flow of international passengers at Haikou Meilan International Airport to the steady stream of cargo vessels calling at Yangpu Port, and even in the sustained attention investors are paying to “Hainan-related” stocks.Together, these signals point to one clear conclusion:China’s largest special economic zone has entered a new phase of development.展开更多
Over the past months,a southern Chinese harbor serving as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world has come into the spotlight after the launching of special customs operations on Hainan Island.LOCATED on the nor...Over the past months,a southern Chinese harbor serving as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world has come into the spotlight after the launching of special customs operations on Hainan Island.LOCATED on the northwest tip of HainanIsland,the Yangpu Port is a scene ofbustling activity with towering gantrycranes busily loading containers on andoff large cargo vessels.Port orders here have surgedas a result of a slew of special customs policiesthat went into force last December.展开更多
A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically l...A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically loading containers on and off large cargo vessels.Cargo volumes here have surged as a result of a slew of special customs policies that went into force in December 2025.展开更多
Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your ...Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your school,your friends and your neighbors there.You remember special places and fun times.There may be interesting museums or great sports teams in your hometown.You can tell people about them.展开更多
The Hainan Free Trade Port’s implementation of special customs operations marks a significant stride in China’s institutional opening-up,spurring global trade and investment flows.THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)repr...The Hainan Free Trade Port’s implementation of special customs operations marks a significant stride in China’s institutional opening-up,spurring global trade and investment flows.THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)represents a significant step forward in China’s pursuit of high-standard opening-up and greater engagement in economic globalization.展开更多
At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduli...At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduling.It turned out that since the end of 2025,the company had successively secured bulk spindle orders from overseas clients in Bangladesh and other countries,coupled with continuous urgent requests for orders from domestic manufacturers.Faced with such a production peak right at the beginning of the year,Mr.Cao Xiucheng admitted,“It was truly unexpected.”展开更多
Modern apprenticeship emphasizes strengthening school-enterprise cooperation,deepening the integration of production and education,and promoting the combination of work and study to achieve seamless connection between...Modern apprenticeship emphasizes strengthening school-enterprise cooperation,deepening the integration of production and education,and promoting the combination of work and study to achieve seamless connection between professional education and industrial needs,thereby improving the quality of talent training.This paper analyzes the current problems in the nursing talent training system,elaborates on the significance of cultivating nursing talents based on modern apprenticeship,and proposes new ideas for constructing a modern apprenticeship training model for nursing talents from the perspectives of“integrating general and specialized education,merging virtue and skills,and linking specialization and innovation”.The aim is to further promote the organic combination of nursing talent training goals and post needs,for reference only.展开更多
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains...Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains poorly understood.Our previous studies have established GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA3 as the regulators of seed coat and floral anthocyanin production in soybean(Glycine max),respectively.In this study,we reveal the functional divergence of their paralog GmMYBA1 in orchestrating light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis in juvenile tissues and stems.In brief,hypocotyl/stem-and young leaf-predominant expression of GmMYBA1 correlates with photoprotective anthocyanin accumulation.Ectopic overexpression of GmMYBA1 induces systemic pigmentation across leaves,stems,and reproductive organs,whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of GmMYBA1 significantly reduces anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl.Light-dark shift assays confirmed that GmMYBA1 is required for hypocotyl pigmentation,while dual-luciferase assays revealed the specific regulation of the GmMYBA paralogs by GmSTF1/2(soybean TGACG-motif binding factor 1/2).GmSTF1/2 both activate GmMYBA1,with only GmSTF2 weakly inducing GmMYBA2 and neither affecting GmMYBA3.Further investigation indicated that the differential transactivation of GmMYBA promoters largely resulted from their cis-element difference,suggesting regulatory divergence as a driver of MYB paralog diversification.Our findings position GmMYBA1 as the central MYB activator integrating light signaling with anthocyanin biosynthesis,with paralog specialization reflecting evolutionary subfunctionalization post-gene duplication.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing rese...Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing research, revealing that professional identity positively impacts the development of core competencies through multiple pathways, including psychological drive, behavioral facilitation, teamwork, and career stability. Building on this analysis, this paper proposes systematic enhancement strategies from four dimensions: education and training, organizational environment, cultural development, and individual growth, aiming to provide a reference for nursing practice and professional development.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,Reviews,Short communication.Please ensure that you select the appropriate art...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,Reviews,Short communication.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is...Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is frequently diminished during domestication.Advances in synthetic metabolic engineering enable efficient elucidation and engineering of plant specialized metabolic pathways active in crop pest and pathogen resistance.This review summarizes strategies and workflows for selecting defensive metabolic pathways,identifying candidate biosynthetic genes,and rewiring native or introducing heterologous pathways to enhance crop resistance to pests and pathogens.Strategies include weighted gene co-expression network construction,biosynthetic gene cluster scanning,and metabolite genome-wide association studies for pathway discovery,as well as transcriptional reprogramming,enzyme activity optimization,and transporter deployment for pathway engineering.We further discuss challenges in using synthetic metabolic engineering to enhance crop resistance and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence in addressing them.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports an...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports and special thematic issues.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
For ordinary tourists, simpler entry and exit procedures and a broader range of duty-free goods in Hainan create a better travel and shopping experience.For China’s earnest endeavor to deepen reform and opening-up, i...For ordinary tourists, simpler entry and exit procedures and a broader range of duty-free goods in Hainan create a better travel and shopping experience.For China’s earnest endeavor to deepen reform and opening-up, implementation of the special customs operations policy in Hainan represents a significant step forward. For businesses in Malaysia and other ASEAN member states, especially export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Hainan serves as a“transit hub” for accessing the Chinese market and even other Asian markets.展开更多
Hainan’s special customs operations are expected to significantly reduce the institutional costs of foreign goods flowing into Hainan,enabling the island to function as a gateway for global goods.DAVID Adrian Janke,a...Hainan’s special customs operations are expected to significantly reduce the institutional costs of foreign goods flowing into Hainan,enabling the island to function as a gateway for global goods.DAVID Adrian Janke,a British citizen operating a translation company in Haikou,capital of Hainan Province in south China,witnessed surging orders as special customs operations got underway in the island province on December 18.展开更多
文摘Aim： To understand the biological functions of the ectoplasmic specializations between Sertoli cells and maturing spermatids in seminiferous epithelia. Methods： In order to disrupt the function of the ectoplasmic specializations, nectin-2, which is expressed at the specialization, was neutralized with anti-nectin-2 antibody micro-injected into the lumen of the mouse seminiferous tubule. Anti-nectin-3 antibody was also micro-injected into the lumen in order to neutralize nectin-3, which is expressed at the specialization. Results： The actin filaments at the specialization disappeared, and exfoliation of maturing spermatids was observed by electron microscopy. Conclusion： Nectin-2 was neutralized by anti-nectin-2 antibody and nectin-3 was neutralized by anti-nectin-3 antibody, respectively. Inactivated nectin-2 and nectin-3 disrupted the nectin-afadin-actin system, and finally the actin filaments disappeared. As a result, the specialization lost the holding function and detachment of spermatids was observed. One of the functions of the specialization seems to be to hold maturing spermatids until spermiation.
基金This study was partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31490591,31330032,and 61327902)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA 0700500)+1 种基金the Frontier Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SMCO25)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX05).
文摘The cerebellum is critical for controlling motor and non-motor functions via cerebellar circuit that is composed of defined cell types, which approximately account for more than half of neurons in mammalsThe molecular mechanisms controlling developmental progression and maturation processes of various cerebellar cell types need systematic investigationHere, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of 21119 single cells of the postnatal mouse cerebellum and identified eight main cell clusters. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes revealed trajectory hierarchies of granule cells (GCs) at various states and implied roles of mitochondrion and ATPases in the maturation of Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output cells of the cerebellar cortexFurthermore, we analyzed gene expression patterns and co-expression networks of 28 ataxia risk genes, and found that most of them are related with biological process of mitochondrion and around half of them are enriched in PCs. Our results also suggested core transcription factors that are correlated with interneuron differentiation and characteristics for the expression of secretory proteins in glia cells, which may participate in neuronal modulationThus, this study presents a systematic landscape of cerebellar gene expression in defined cell types and a general gene expression framework for cerebellar development and dysfunction.
基金supported partially by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center(KTRDC),University of Kentucky.
文摘The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.
文摘On December 18,2025, Hainan Free Trade Port (Hainan FTP) officially began islandwide special customs operations.Although only two months have passed since this landmark step, the shift is already visible everywhere—from the bustling flow of international passengers at Haikou Meilan International Airport to the steady stream of cargo vessels calling at Yangpu Port, and even in the sustained attention investors are paying to “Hainan-related” stocks.Together, these signals point to one clear conclusion:China’s largest special economic zone has entered a new phase of development.
文摘Over the past months,a southern Chinese harbor serving as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world has come into the spotlight after the launching of special customs operations on Hainan Island.LOCATED on the northwest tip of HainanIsland,the Yangpu Port is a scene ofbustling activity with towering gantrycranes busily loading containers on andoff large cargo vessels.Port orders here have surgedas a result of a slew of special customs policiesthat went into force last December.
文摘A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically loading containers on and off large cargo vessels.Cargo volumes here have surged as a result of a slew of special customs policies that went into force in December 2025.
文摘Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your school,your friends and your neighbors there.You remember special places and fun times.There may be interesting museums or great sports teams in your hometown.You can tell people about them.
文摘The Hainan Free Trade Port’s implementation of special customs operations marks a significant stride in China’s institutional opening-up,spurring global trade and investment flows.THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)represents a significant step forward in China’s pursuit of high-standard opening-up and greater engagement in economic globalization.
文摘At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduling.It turned out that since the end of 2025,the company had successively secured bulk spindle orders from overseas clients in Bangladesh and other countries,coupled with continuous urgent requests for orders from domestic manufacturers.Faced with such a production peak right at the beginning of the year,Mr.Cao Xiucheng admitted,“It was truly unexpected.”
基金2025 Shanghai Secondary Vocational School Curriculum and Teaching Reform Research Project(Project No.:2025K-03)。
文摘Modern apprenticeship emphasizes strengthening school-enterprise cooperation,deepening the integration of production and education,and promoting the combination of work and study to achieve seamless connection between professional education and industrial needs,thereby improving the quality of talent training.This paper analyzes the current problems in the nursing talent training system,elaborates on the significance of cultivating nursing talents based on modern apprenticeship,and proposes new ideas for constructing a modern apprenticeship training model for nursing talents from the perspectives of“integrating general and specialized education,merging virtue and skills,and linking specialization and innovation”.The aim is to further promote the organic combination of nursing talent training goals and post needs,for reference only.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20220508112RC).
文摘Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is spatiotemporally controlled by a suite of transcription factors,with MYB proteins playing a key regulatory role.However,the evolution of the distinct roles of MYB paralogs remains poorly understood.Our previous studies have established GmMYBA2 and GmMYBA3 as the regulators of seed coat and floral anthocyanin production in soybean(Glycine max),respectively.In this study,we reveal the functional divergence of their paralog GmMYBA1 in orchestrating light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis in juvenile tissues and stems.In brief,hypocotyl/stem-and young leaf-predominant expression of GmMYBA1 correlates with photoprotective anthocyanin accumulation.Ectopic overexpression of GmMYBA1 induces systemic pigmentation across leaves,stems,and reproductive organs,whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of GmMYBA1 significantly reduces anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl.Light-dark shift assays confirmed that GmMYBA1 is required for hypocotyl pigmentation,while dual-luciferase assays revealed the specific regulation of the GmMYBA paralogs by GmSTF1/2(soybean TGACG-motif binding factor 1/2).GmSTF1/2 both activate GmMYBA1,with only GmSTF2 weakly inducing GmMYBA2 and neither affecting GmMYBA3.Further investigation indicated that the differential transactivation of GmMYBA promoters largely resulted from their cis-element difference,suggesting regulatory divergence as a driver of MYB paralog diversification.Our findings position GmMYBA1 as the central MYB activator integrating light signaling with anthocyanin biosynthesis,with paralog specialization reflecting evolutionary subfunctionalization post-gene duplication.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘Within contemporary healthcare systems, professional identity among specialized nurses serves as a pivotal intrinsic factor influencing the development of their core competencies. This review synthesizes existing research, revealing that professional identity positively impacts the development of core competencies through multiple pathways, including psychological drive, behavioral facilitation, teamwork, and career stability. Building on this analysis, this paper proposes systematic enhancement strategies from four dimensions: education and training, organizational environment, cultural development, and individual growth, aiming to provide a reference for nursing practice and professional development.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,Reviews,Short communication.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32402306)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0203300)the China-Uruguay Joint Laboratory on Soybean Research and Innovation
文摘Plants produce a vast array of specialized metabolites that serve as essential defenses against herbivores and pathogens.However,the capacity to produce these compounds differs substantially among plant species and is frequently diminished during domestication.Advances in synthetic metabolic engineering enable efficient elucidation and engineering of plant specialized metabolic pathways active in crop pest and pathogen resistance.This review summarizes strategies and workflows for selecting defensive metabolic pathways,identifying candidate biosynthetic genes,and rewiring native or introducing heterologous pathways to enhance crop resistance to pests and pathogens.Strategies include weighted gene co-expression network construction,biosynthetic gene cluster scanning,and metabolite genome-wide association studies for pathway discovery,as well as transcriptional reprogramming,enzyme activity optimization,and transporter deployment for pathway engineering.We further discuss challenges in using synthetic metabolic engineering to enhance crop resistance and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence in addressing them.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports and special thematic issues.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘For ordinary tourists, simpler entry and exit procedures and a broader range of duty-free goods in Hainan create a better travel and shopping experience.For China’s earnest endeavor to deepen reform and opening-up, implementation of the special customs operations policy in Hainan represents a significant step forward. For businesses in Malaysia and other ASEAN member states, especially export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Hainan serves as a“transit hub” for accessing the Chinese market and even other Asian markets.
文摘Hainan’s special customs operations are expected to significantly reduce the institutional costs of foreign goods flowing into Hainan,enabling the island to function as a gateway for global goods.DAVID Adrian Janke,a British citizen operating a translation company in Haikou,capital of Hainan Province in south China,witnessed surging orders as special customs operations got underway in the island province on December 18.
