Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resi...The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0), and it was four grades weaker than its wildtype HD297 and even one grade weaker than the drought-sensitive paddy rice SN265. For the 2-year average reduction rates in aboveground biomass and plant heights under DS compared with those under the WW, 297-28 was 31.6 and 31.8% higher than HD297, respectively. Meanwhile, 297-28 showed the worst performance for the LWP, Pn, and transpiration rate. These results suggest that idr1-1 might be a superior drought tolerant mutant of upland rice found in China. It has a strong ability to maintain and even enhance leaf transpiration while maintaining a high plant water potential under DS, thus supporting a high Pn and alleviating the delay in agronomic trait development and yield loss effectively. 297-28 is a much more highly drought-sensitive mutant that is even more sensitive than paddy rice varieties. The two mutants could be used as drought tolerance controls for rice germplasm identification and the drought resistant mechanism studies in the future. idr1-1 is also suitable for breeding drought-tolerant and lodging-resistant high-yield rice varieties.展开更多
Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping...Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer,plastic film,and mechanical power.These lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops'premature root and canopy senescence.So,the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production.This paper analyzes the manifestations,occurrence mechanisms,and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence.The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper.The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above-and blow-ground interactions,including collocation of crop varieties,spatial arrangement,water and fertilizer management,and tillage and mulch practices.Future research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties,application of molecular biology techniques,and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of intercrops.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops.This would support developing and adopting high-yield,efficient,and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density,limited land,and abundant light and heat resources.展开更多
Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negate...Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negates the advantages of large panicle and constrains yield potential.Environmental stress-induced metabolic disorders in plants aggravate spikelet degeneration,with the sensitive period for this process commencing approximately 15‒20 d before panicle heading.Notable positional variations occur within the panicle,with significantly higher spikelet degeneration rates at the basal than at the upper positions.An imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism represents the primary physiological basis for aggravated spikelet degeneration under abiotic stress.Impaired carbon and nitrogen metabolism leads to disordered energy metabolism and disrupted respiratory electron transport,which accelerates the apoptosis of young spikelets through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation.Sucrose serves as the main carbohydrate source for spikelet development,demonstrating an apical dominance pattern that favors spikelet formation.However,under abiotic stress,the inhibition of sucrose decomposition,rather than sucrose transport impairment,predominantly contributes to aggravated spikelet degeneration at the basal panicle positions.Brassinolide and auxin have a significant relationship with spikelet formation,potentially mediating apical dominance.Specifically,brassinolide enhances sucrose accumulation and utilization,thereby alleviating spikelet degeneration.At present,the mechanisms underlying rice spikelet degeneration have not been fully revealed,and the joint effects of hormones,carbohydrates,and carbon and nitrogen metabolism on this process require further investigation.To reduce the spikelet degeneration,the strategic application of water and fertilizer to establish a stable rice population can enhance the rice plants’resilience to abiotic stress.An effective approach to reducing spikelet degeneration is to increase the dry matter occupancy of each spikelet during the panicle initiation period.展开更多
Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In...Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In this work,we investigated the effect of corrosion product film layers on the degradation behavior of pure Mg in physiological environments.Pure Mg shows a faster corrosion rate in simulated body fluid(SBF)compared to NaCl solution.Hydrogen evolution experiments indicate that the degradation rate of pure Mg in SBF decreases rapidly within the first 12 h but stabilizes afterward.The rapid deposition of low-solubility calcium phosphate on the pure Mg in SBF provides protection to the substrate,resulting in a gradual decrease in the degradation rates.Consequently,the corrosion product film of pure Mg formed in SBF exhibits a layered structure,with the upper layer consisting of dense Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and the lower layer consisting of Mg(OH)_(2)/MgO.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)shows that the resistance of the corrosion product film increases over time,indicating gradual strengthening of the corrosion resistance.The 4-week degradation results in the femoral marrow cavity of mice are consistent with the result in SBF in vitro.展开更多
Hypnosis is a promising tool in the management of various conditions,such as anxiety and chronic pain.Preliminary studies have shown that hypnosis can directly affect the cardiovascular system,as it increases parasymp...Hypnosis is a promising tool in the management of various conditions,such as anxiety and chronic pain.Preliminary studies have shown that hypnosis can directly affect the cardiovascular system,as it increases parasympathetic activation and reduces sympathetic activity.However,the literature related to the effects of hypnosis on cardiovascular health is scarce,mainly due to misconceptions about hypnosis among researchers and medical professionals.This opinion paper examines the role that hypnosis may play in cardiovascular health,highlighting the physiological mechanisms behind it.The evidence suggests that hypnosis has both direct(e.g.,changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system)and indirect(e.g.,changes in healthy behaviours)effects on the cardiovascular system;however,further studies are needed to properly define its mechanisms of action and its applicability in improving cardiovascular health.Thus,this opinion paper advocates the adoption of the term“hypno-cardiac physiology”to identify a new research area that gathers experts from neuroscience and cardiovascular science with the joint aim of seeking further understanding of the effects of hypnosis on the cardiovascular system.The adoption of a dedicated term to identify the study of the cardiovascular response to hypnosis will encourage its implementation in cardiovascular health interventions,promoting awareness of its effects among the public and the healthcare community,and promoting the formation of dedicated multidisciplinary research groups and dedicated educational training for healthcare professional interested in its applications.展开更多
Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural count...Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.展开更多
Biofeedback is a behavioral intervention technology based on psychophysiology,which uses various electronic devices to collect the physiological activities of individuals in real time and provides them to themselves t...Biofeedback is a behavioral intervention technology based on psychophysiology,which uses various electronic devices to collect the physiological activities of individuals in real time and provides them to themselves through various ways,so that people can actively change their own physiological changes when they perceive the changes in some physiological functions of their own,and consciously control the physiological functions of various aspects of the autonomic nervous system within a fixed range.It can play a role in improving physical health status,preventing and treating some somatic diseases.Studies have shown that biofeedback relaxation training can make the training subjects learn to regulate their own physiological functions and psychological activities,improve negative emotional states such as depression and anxiety by regulating the body function,and can also be used to assist in the treatment of other clinical diseases.As a new psychological intervention,biofeedback relaxation training has great development potential and can be better applied to the prevention and treatment of physical and mental diseases in the general population in the future.展开更多
Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among...Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.展开更多
The abundant muscle tissues of the forearm determine the movements of the wrist,hand and fingers together.However,linking wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activation is still a challenging.There may exist blindness...The abundant muscle tissues of the forearm determine the movements of the wrist,hand and fingers together.However,linking wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activation is still a challenging.There may exist blindness in the rehabilitation therapy of forearm muscles,due to the lack of the physiological characteristics of muscle activation and sequences.An armband with eight channels was used to collect surface electromyographic signals(sEMGs)of a specific section of the forearm under the different wrist movements,palm postures,and external loads,based on the image of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The collected cross-sectional muscles covered almost all surface muscles.The muscle activation could be expressed clearly by enveloping the sEMG signals of 8 muscles within a single cycle.The root mean square(RMS)and the average peak value V_(P) were used to evaluate the activation intensities of dominant muscles.The activation sequences and the absolute times of dominant muscles were obtained from the envelopes of their raw sEMGs,and not influenced by the palm postures and external loads.In addition,their RMS and V_(P) under each wrist movement increased approximate linearly with external loads.The corresponding contribution ratios were first calculated to evaluate the role played by each muscle.The well-defined data of forearm muscles could provide standard references for the rehabilitation therapy of forearm muscles.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to compare the effect of nurse and beloved family member’s recording voice on consciousness and physical parameters in patients with coma state.Materials and Methods:A random...Objective:The objective of this study was to compare the effect of nurse and beloved family member’s recording voice on consciousness and physical parameters in patients with coma state.Materials and Methods:A randomized control trial parallel group design was conducted among 45 comatose patients divided into two intervention groups,i.e.nurse voice stimulus group,receiving nurses voice with standard care,family members voice stimulus group receiving their beloved family member voice with standard care and one control group receiving only standard care in medicine intensive care unit.The intervention was provided three times a day,each lasting 5 min for 7 days in addition to standard care.Repeated measure analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to compare within and between groups,respectively.Results:The study found significant differences in Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores within both the nurse(F=2.78,P=0.042)and family member(F=10.27,P=0.0001)voice stimulus groups over 7 days.Comparing GCS scores between intervention groups showed significant variations before(P=0.028),during(P=0.047),and after(P=0.036)the intervention on day 7.Comparing GCS scores between the family members’voice stimulus group and the control group,significant changes were observed on days 5 and 7(P=0.043,0.030,0.030,and 0.014,0.012,0.012)before,during,and after the intervention.Conclusions:The use of beloved family members’voices proved more effective in elevating the patients’level of consciousness compared to both the nurse voice stimulus group and the control group.展开更多
Chive(Allium ascalonicum L.),a seeding-vernalization-type vegetable,is prone to bolting.To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of its bolting,bolting-prone(‘BA’)and bolting-resistant(‘WA’)chives wer...Chive(Allium ascalonicum L.),a seeding-vernalization-type vegetable,is prone to bolting.To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of its bolting,bolting-prone(‘BA’)and bolting-resistant(‘WA’)chives were sampled at the vegetative growth,floral bud differentiation,and bud emergence stages.No bolting was observed in bolting-resistant‘WA’on the 130th day after planting,whereas the bolting reached 39.22%in bolting-prone‘BA’,which was significantly higher than that of‘WA’.The contents of gibberellins,abscisic acid,and zeatin riboside after floral bud differentiation in‘WA’were significantly less than in‘BA’,whereas the indoleacetic acid content in‘WA’was significantly higher than that in‘BA’before and after floral bud differentiation.The soluble sugar content and nitrate reductase activity in‘BA’were significantly higher than those in‘WA’before and during floral bud differentiation periods.However,they were significantly lower in‘BA’compared with in‘WA’after bolting due to the nutrient consumption required by reproductive growth.A transcriptome analysis determined that the differentially expressed genes related to bolting tolerance were enriched in the terms‘photoperiodism,flowering’,‘auxin-activated signaling pathway’,‘gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway’,and‘carbohydrate metabolic process’,and this was generally consistent with the physiological data.Additionally,12 key differentially expressed genes(including isoform_203018,isoform_481005,isoform_716975,and isoform_564877)related to bolting tolerance were investigated.This research provides new information for breeding bolting-tolerant chives.展开更多
Hybridization is a driving force in ecological transitions and speciation,yet direct evidence linking it to adaptive differentiation in natural systems remains limited.This study evaluates the role of hybridization in...Hybridization is a driving force in ecological transitions and speciation,yet direct evidence linking it to adaptive differentiation in natural systems remains limited.This study evaluates the role of hybridization in the speciation of Pinus densata,a keystone forest species on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.By creating artificialinterspecificF1s and a long-term common garden experiment on the plateau,we provide in situ assessments on 44 growth and physiological traits across four seasons,along with RNA sequencing.We found significantphenotypic divergence between P.densata and its putative parental species P.tabuliformis and P.yunnanensis,with P.densata demonstrating superior growth and dynamic balance between photosynthesis and photoprotection.The F1s closely resembled P.densata in most traits.Gene expression revealed 19%–10%of 34,000 examined genes as differentially expressed in P.densata and F1s relative to mid-parent expression values.Both additive(4%)and non-additive gene actions(5%–6%in F1s,10%–12%in P.densata)were common,while transgressive expression occurred more frequently in the stabilized natural hybrids,illustrating transcriptomic reprogramming brought by hybridization and further divergence by natural selection.We provide compelling evidence for hybridization-derived phenotypic divergence at both physiological and gene expression levels that could have contributed to the adaptation of P.densata to high plateau habitat where both parental species have low fitness.The altered physiology and gene expression in hybrids serve both as a substrate for novel ecological adaptation and as a mechanism for the initiation of reproductive isolation.展开更多
Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological process...Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.展开更多
Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irriga...Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.展开更多
Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter...Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter night warming on the top expanded leaves of the spring wheat cultivar Yangmai 18 and the semi-winter wheat cultivar Yannong 19 during the 2020-2021 growing season.Results showed that the night-time mean temperature in the treatment group was 1.27°C higher than the ambient temperature,and winter night warming increased the yields of both wheat cultivars,the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase after anthesis,and the biosynthesis of sucrose and soluble sugars.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using criteria of P-value<0.05 and fold change>2,and they were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.Genes differentially expressed in wheat leaves treated with night warming were primarily associated with starch and sucrose metabolism,amino acid biosynthesis,carbon metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.Comparisons between the groups identified 14 DEGs related to temperature.These results highlight the effects of winter night warming on wheat development from various perspectives.Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the response of wheat to winter night warming and the candidate genes involved in this process.展开更多
Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along th...Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along the southern Mediterranean rim,including Algeria,which primarily focuses on pastoral and forage practices.This study investigates salinity tolerance and ecotypic variability in Vicia narbonensis L.,a fodder legume species recognized for its potential to reclaim marginal soils.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical responses were assessed in three ecotypes(eco2,eco9,and eco10)exposed to different salinity levels(low,moderate,and severe).The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three blocks per ecotype per dose.The results from the two-way analysis of variance demonstrate significant effects across nearly all attributes studied,revealing distinct ecotypic responses.These findings underscore variations in growth parameters,osmotic regulation mechanisms,and biochemical adjustments.The substantial diversity observed among these ecotypes in their response to salinity provides valuable insights for breeders addressing both agronomic and ecological challenges.Multivariate analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),revealed key variables distinguishing between ecotypes under salinity stress.Moreover,Classification based on Salinity Tolerance Indices(STI)further differentiated ecotypic performance with more precision,and this is because of the combination of the different parameters studied.These results open up new prospects for the development of strategies to improve the salinity tolerance of forage legumes.展开更多
Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological li...Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.展开更多
Objective This is a self-controlled multicenter retrospective study based on the clinical efficacy and complications of physiological reconstruction in the treatment of moderate and severe pelvic organ prolapse.Method...Objective This is a self-controlled multicenter retrospective study based on the clinical efficacy and complications of physiological reconstruction in the treatment of moderate and severe pelvic organ prolapse.Methods From December 2014 to August 2021,517 women were included and registered for physiological reconstruction at four Chinese urogynecology institutions.We enrolled 364 women with POP-Q stage≥3.The degree of POP was quantified via a POP-Q system.The surgical purpose of physiological reconstruction is to repair the vagina,levator ani muscle,perineum,and urogenital hiatus and adopt a repair method in accordance with the axial direction of physiology.All 330 evaluable participants were followed for 2 years.The evaluation indices included the PFDI-20,PGI-I,PFIQ-7,PISQ-12,PGI-I,and PGI-S.All complications were coded according to the category-time-site system proposed by the International Urogynecological Association(IUGA)and International Continence Society(ICS).Results Compared with the preoperative POP-Q scores,statistically significant improvements were observed at the 6-month,1-year and 2-year time points(P<0.001).Statistically significant improvements in quality of life were observed across all time points.Conclusions Physiologic reconstructive surgical techniques combined with modified anterior pelvic floor mesh implantation could help restore the physiologic axis and vaginal shape,which may be the most important factors in maintaining the functional position of pelvic floor organs and is the most effective method for repairing the pelvic fascia tendon arch.This surgical method is safe,feasible,and effective in patients with severe prolapse.展开更多
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries(CCTGA)is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular,ventriculoarterial,and conduction system discordance,commonly accompanied by atriov...Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries(CCTGA)is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular,ventriculoarterial,and conduction system discordance,commonly accompanied by atrioventricular block(AVB).Pacing in patients with CCTGA and AVB(both pediatric and adult)poses challenges in strategy selection,procedural complexity,and clinical decision-making due to limited evidence.Conventional morphological left ventricular pacing is widely adopted but may induce ventricular dyssynchrony,heart failure,and tricuspid valve dysfunction.While cardiac resynchronization therapy serves as an upgrade for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure,its application may be limited by coronary sinus anatomical variations and uncertain clinical outcomes.His bundle pacing is rarely reported due to the variation of the His bundle and high pacing threshold.The superficial,wide,multi-branched left bundle branch favors left bundle branch pacing,though delayed systemic right ventricle(sRV)activation may cause ventricular dyssynchrony and impair sRV function.Right bundle branch pacing offers a novel alternative for pacing therapy.Conduction system pacing-optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy is preferred in those with evidence of intrinsic ventricular conduction dysfunction.This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pacing strategies for CCTGA with AVB,integrating anatomical and pathophysiological insights to evaluate physiological pacing strategies,while highlighting critical knowledge gaps to guide future research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100101)the 948 Program of China(2006-G51)the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program(ECFP6)INCO-2003-B1.2(CEDROME-015468)
文摘The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0), and it was four grades weaker than its wildtype HD297 and even one grade weaker than the drought-sensitive paddy rice SN265. For the 2-year average reduction rates in aboveground biomass and plant heights under DS compared with those under the WW, 297-28 was 31.6 and 31.8% higher than HD297, respectively. Meanwhile, 297-28 showed the worst performance for the LWP, Pn, and transpiration rate. These results suggest that idr1-1 might be a superior drought tolerant mutant of upland rice found in China. It has a strong ability to maintain and even enhance leaf transpiration while maintaining a high plant water potential under DS, thus supporting a high Pn and alleviating the delay in agronomic trait development and yield loss effectively. 297-28 is a much more highly drought-sensitive mutant that is even more sensitive than paddy rice varieties. The two mutants could be used as drought tolerance controls for rice germplasm identification and the drought resistant mechanism studies in the future. idr1-1 is also suitable for breeding drought-tolerant and lodging-resistant high-yield rice varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857 and U21A20218)the China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund(GSAU-DKZY-2024-001)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program in Gansu Province,China(24ZDNA008and23JRRA1407)the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University,China(Gaufx-03Y10).
文摘Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield,stable productivity,and efficient utilization of resources.However,in recent years,the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer,plastic film,and mechanical power.These lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops'premature root and canopy senescence.So,the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production.This paper analyzes the manifestations,occurrence mechanisms,and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence.The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper.The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above-and blow-ground interactions,including collocation of crop varieties,spatial arrangement,water and fertilizer management,and tillage and mulch practices.Future research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties,application of molecular biology techniques,and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of intercrops.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops.This would support developing and adopting high-yield,efficient,and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density,limited land,and abundant light and heat resources.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201896)the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Plan Project,China(Grant No.2022C02034)the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction Project,China(Grant No.CARS-01-21).
文摘Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negates the advantages of large panicle and constrains yield potential.Environmental stress-induced metabolic disorders in plants aggravate spikelet degeneration,with the sensitive period for this process commencing approximately 15‒20 d before panicle heading.Notable positional variations occur within the panicle,with significantly higher spikelet degeneration rates at the basal than at the upper positions.An imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism represents the primary physiological basis for aggravated spikelet degeneration under abiotic stress.Impaired carbon and nitrogen metabolism leads to disordered energy metabolism and disrupted respiratory electron transport,which accelerates the apoptosis of young spikelets through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation.Sucrose serves as the main carbohydrate source for spikelet development,demonstrating an apical dominance pattern that favors spikelet formation.However,under abiotic stress,the inhibition of sucrose decomposition,rather than sucrose transport impairment,predominantly contributes to aggravated spikelet degeneration at the basal panicle positions.Brassinolide and auxin have a significant relationship with spikelet formation,potentially mediating apical dominance.Specifically,brassinolide enhances sucrose accumulation and utilization,thereby alleviating spikelet degeneration.At present,the mechanisms underlying rice spikelet degeneration have not been fully revealed,and the joint effects of hormones,carbohydrates,and carbon and nitrogen metabolism on this process require further investigation.To reduce the spikelet degeneration,the strategic application of water and fertilizer to establish a stable rice population can enhance the rice plants’resilience to abiotic stress.An effective approach to reducing spikelet degeneration is to increase the dry matter occupancy of each spikelet during the panicle initiation period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52127801)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20231545,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170557 and 2023M742224)+1 种基金Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(No.2023440)City University of Hong Kong Donation Grants(DON-RMG No.9229021 and 9220061).
文摘Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In this work,we investigated the effect of corrosion product film layers on the degradation behavior of pure Mg in physiological environments.Pure Mg shows a faster corrosion rate in simulated body fluid(SBF)compared to NaCl solution.Hydrogen evolution experiments indicate that the degradation rate of pure Mg in SBF decreases rapidly within the first 12 h but stabilizes afterward.The rapid deposition of low-solubility calcium phosphate on the pure Mg in SBF provides protection to the substrate,resulting in a gradual decrease in the degradation rates.Consequently,the corrosion product film of pure Mg formed in SBF exhibits a layered structure,with the upper layer consisting of dense Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and the lower layer consisting of Mg(OH)_(2)/MgO.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)shows that the resistance of the corrosion product film increases over time,indicating gradual strengthening of the corrosion resistance.The 4-week degradation results in the femoral marrow cavity of mice are consistent with the result in SBF in vitro.
文摘Hypnosis is a promising tool in the management of various conditions,such as anxiety and chronic pain.Preliminary studies have shown that hypnosis can directly affect the cardiovascular system,as it increases parasympathetic activation and reduces sympathetic activity.However,the literature related to the effects of hypnosis on cardiovascular health is scarce,mainly due to misconceptions about hypnosis among researchers and medical professionals.This opinion paper examines the role that hypnosis may play in cardiovascular health,highlighting the physiological mechanisms behind it.The evidence suggests that hypnosis has both direct(e.g.,changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system)and indirect(e.g.,changes in healthy behaviours)effects on the cardiovascular system;however,further studies are needed to properly define its mechanisms of action and its applicability in improving cardiovascular health.Thus,this opinion paper advocates the adoption of the term“hypno-cardiac physiology”to identify a new research area that gathers experts from neuroscience and cardiovascular science with the joint aim of seeking further understanding of the effects of hypnosis on the cardiovascular system.The adoption of a dedicated term to identify the study of the cardiovascular response to hypnosis will encourage its implementation in cardiovascular health interventions,promoting awareness of its effects among the public and the healthcare community,and promoting the formation of dedicated multidisciplinary research groups and dedicated educational training for healthcare professional interested in its applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31971413)to D.L.
文摘Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.
基金The Basic Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in 2022:HRV and Brain Electrophysiological Mechanism of Electromyography Biofeedback in Improving Depression and Anxiety of College Students(Project No.:LJKMZ20221274)。
文摘Biofeedback is a behavioral intervention technology based on psychophysiology,which uses various electronic devices to collect the physiological activities of individuals in real time and provides them to themselves through various ways,so that people can actively change their own physiological changes when they perceive the changes in some physiological functions of their own,and consciously control the physiological functions of various aspects of the autonomic nervous system within a fixed range.It can play a role in improving physical health status,preventing and treating some somatic diseases.Studies have shown that biofeedback relaxation training can make the training subjects learn to regulate their own physiological functions and psychological activities,improve negative emotional states such as depression and anxiety by regulating the body function,and can also be used to assist in the treatment of other clinical diseases.As a new psychological intervention,biofeedback relaxation training has great development potential and can be better applied to the prevention and treatment of physical and mental diseases in the general population in the future.
文摘Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375279,52175001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.3252002).
文摘The abundant muscle tissues of the forearm determine the movements of the wrist,hand and fingers together.However,linking wrist kinematics and forearm muscle activation is still a challenging.There may exist blindness in the rehabilitation therapy of forearm muscles,due to the lack of the physiological characteristics of muscle activation and sequences.An armband with eight channels was used to collect surface electromyographic signals(sEMGs)of a specific section of the forearm under the different wrist movements,palm postures,and external loads,based on the image of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The collected cross-sectional muscles covered almost all surface muscles.The muscle activation could be expressed clearly by enveloping the sEMG signals of 8 muscles within a single cycle.The root mean square(RMS)and the average peak value V_(P) were used to evaluate the activation intensities of dominant muscles.The activation sequences and the absolute times of dominant muscles were obtained from the envelopes of their raw sEMGs,and not influenced by the palm postures and external loads.In addition,their RMS and V_(P) under each wrist movement increased approximate linearly with external loads.The corresponding contribution ratios were first calculated to evaluate the role played by each muscle.The well-defined data of forearm muscles could provide standard references for the rehabilitation therapy of forearm muscles.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to compare the effect of nurse and beloved family member’s recording voice on consciousness and physical parameters in patients with coma state.Materials and Methods:A randomized control trial parallel group design was conducted among 45 comatose patients divided into two intervention groups,i.e.nurse voice stimulus group,receiving nurses voice with standard care,family members voice stimulus group receiving their beloved family member voice with standard care and one control group receiving only standard care in medicine intensive care unit.The intervention was provided three times a day,each lasting 5 min for 7 days in addition to standard care.Repeated measure analysis of variance and independent t-test were used to compare within and between groups,respectively.Results:The study found significant differences in Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores within both the nurse(F=2.78,P=0.042)and family member(F=10.27,P=0.0001)voice stimulus groups over 7 days.Comparing GCS scores between intervention groups showed significant variations before(P=0.028),during(P=0.047),and after(P=0.036)the intervention on day 7.Comparing GCS scores between the family members’voice stimulus group and the control group,significant changes were observed on days 5 and 7(P=0.043,0.030,0.030,and 0.014,0.012,0.012)before,during,and after the intervention.Conclusions:The use of beloved family members’voices proved more effective in elevating the patients’level of consciousness compared to both the nurse voice stimulus group and the control group.
基金funded by the‘National Key R&D Program Subject of China’(No.2021YFD1100301)the post subsidy project of National Key R&D Program,and the Guizhou Modern Agriculture Research System(GZMARS)-Plateau characteristic vegetable industry.
文摘Chive(Allium ascalonicum L.),a seeding-vernalization-type vegetable,is prone to bolting.To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of its bolting,bolting-prone(‘BA’)and bolting-resistant(‘WA’)chives were sampled at the vegetative growth,floral bud differentiation,and bud emergence stages.No bolting was observed in bolting-resistant‘WA’on the 130th day after planting,whereas the bolting reached 39.22%in bolting-prone‘BA’,which was significantly higher than that of‘WA’.The contents of gibberellins,abscisic acid,and zeatin riboside after floral bud differentiation in‘WA’were significantly less than in‘BA’,whereas the indoleacetic acid content in‘WA’was significantly higher than that in‘BA’before and after floral bud differentiation.The soluble sugar content and nitrate reductase activity in‘BA’were significantly higher than those in‘WA’before and during floral bud differentiation periods.However,they were significantly lower in‘BA’compared with in‘WA’after bolting due to the nutrient consumption required by reproductive growth.A transcriptome analysis determined that the differentially expressed genes related to bolting tolerance were enriched in the terms‘photoperiodism,flowering’,‘auxin-activated signaling pathway’,‘gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway’,and‘carbohydrate metabolic process’,and this was generally consistent with the physiological data.Additionally,12 key differentially expressed genes(including isoform_203018,isoform_481005,isoform_716975,and isoform_564877)related to bolting tolerance were investigated.This research provides new information for breeding bolting-tolerant chives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171816)T4F program Sweden.
文摘Hybridization is a driving force in ecological transitions and speciation,yet direct evidence linking it to adaptive differentiation in natural systems remains limited.This study evaluates the role of hybridization in the speciation of Pinus densata,a keystone forest species on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.By creating artificialinterspecificF1s and a long-term common garden experiment on the plateau,we provide in situ assessments on 44 growth and physiological traits across four seasons,along with RNA sequencing.We found significantphenotypic divergence between P.densata and its putative parental species P.tabuliformis and P.yunnanensis,with P.densata demonstrating superior growth and dynamic balance between photosynthesis and photoprotection.The F1s closely resembled P.densata in most traits.Gene expression revealed 19%–10%of 34,000 examined genes as differentially expressed in P.densata and F1s relative to mid-parent expression values.Both additive(4%)and non-additive gene actions(5%–6%in F1s,10%–12%in P.densata)were common,while transgressive expression occurred more frequently in the stabilized natural hybrids,illustrating transcriptomic reprogramming brought by hybridization and further divergence by natural selection.We provide compelling evidence for hybridization-derived phenotypic divergence at both physiological and gene expression levels that could have contributed to the adaptation of P.densata to high plateau habitat where both parental species have low fitness.The altered physiology and gene expression in hybrids serve both as a substrate for novel ecological adaptation and as a mechanism for the initiation of reproductive isolation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374033,22174031,22407037)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2022B001).
文摘Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.
基金financially supported by Domaine Louata of Providence Verte Company,Agricultural Training and Research Center.
文摘Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2008085qc118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2021)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Anhui Province,China(S202003a06020035)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China(JCIC-MCP)。
文摘Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter night warming on the top expanded leaves of the spring wheat cultivar Yangmai 18 and the semi-winter wheat cultivar Yannong 19 during the 2020-2021 growing season.Results showed that the night-time mean temperature in the treatment group was 1.27°C higher than the ambient temperature,and winter night warming increased the yields of both wheat cultivars,the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase after anthesis,and the biosynthesis of sucrose and soluble sugars.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using criteria of P-value<0.05 and fold change>2,and they were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.Genes differentially expressed in wheat leaves treated with night warming were primarily associated with starch and sucrose metabolism,amino acid biosynthesis,carbon metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.Comparisons between the groups identified 14 DEGs related to temperature.These results highlight the effects of winter night warming on wheat development from various perspectives.Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the response of wheat to winter night warming and the candidate genes involved in this process.
基金Direction Generale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Developpement Technologique(DGRSDT)Algeria,and the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2025R390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Salinity stress is a major challenge for global agriculture,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions,limiting plant productivity due to water and soil salinity.These conditions particularly affect countries along the southern Mediterranean rim,including Algeria,which primarily focuses on pastoral and forage practices.This study investigates salinity tolerance and ecotypic variability in Vicia narbonensis L.,a fodder legume species recognized for its potential to reclaim marginal soils.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical responses were assessed in three ecotypes(eco2,eco9,and eco10)exposed to different salinity levels(low,moderate,and severe).The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three blocks per ecotype per dose.The results from the two-way analysis of variance demonstrate significant effects across nearly all attributes studied,revealing distinct ecotypic responses.These findings underscore variations in growth parameters,osmotic regulation mechanisms,and biochemical adjustments.The substantial diversity observed among these ecotypes in their response to salinity provides valuable insights for breeders addressing both agronomic and ecological challenges.Multivariate analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),revealed key variables distinguishing between ecotypes under salinity stress.Moreover,Classification based on Salinity Tolerance Indices(STI)further differentiated ecotypic performance with more precision,and this is because of the combination of the different parameters studied.These results open up new prospects for the development of strategies to improve the salinity tolerance of forage legumes.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42330510,41871160,42371262)。
文摘Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260297)Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease(No.202102AA100060).
文摘Objective This is a self-controlled multicenter retrospective study based on the clinical efficacy and complications of physiological reconstruction in the treatment of moderate and severe pelvic organ prolapse.Methods From December 2014 to August 2021,517 women were included and registered for physiological reconstruction at four Chinese urogynecology institutions.We enrolled 364 women with POP-Q stage≥3.The degree of POP was quantified via a POP-Q system.The surgical purpose of physiological reconstruction is to repair the vagina,levator ani muscle,perineum,and urogenital hiatus and adopt a repair method in accordance with the axial direction of physiology.All 330 evaluable participants were followed for 2 years.The evaluation indices included the PFDI-20,PGI-I,PFIQ-7,PISQ-12,PGI-I,and PGI-S.All complications were coded according to the category-time-site system proposed by the International Urogynecological Association(IUGA)and International Continence Society(ICS).Results Compared with the preoperative POP-Q scores,statistically significant improvements were observed at the 6-month,1-year and 2-year time points(P<0.001).Statistically significant improvements in quality of life were observed across all time points.Conclusions Physiologic reconstructive surgical techniques combined with modified anterior pelvic floor mesh implantation could help restore the physiologic axis and vaginal shape,which may be the most important factors in maintaining the functional position of pelvic floor organs and is the most effective method for repairing the pelvic fascia tendon arch.This surgical method is safe,feasible,and effective in patients with severe prolapse.
文摘Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries(CCTGA)is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular,ventriculoarterial,and conduction system discordance,commonly accompanied by atrioventricular block(AVB).Pacing in patients with CCTGA and AVB(both pediatric and adult)poses challenges in strategy selection,procedural complexity,and clinical decision-making due to limited evidence.Conventional morphological left ventricular pacing is widely adopted but may induce ventricular dyssynchrony,heart failure,and tricuspid valve dysfunction.While cardiac resynchronization therapy serves as an upgrade for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure,its application may be limited by coronary sinus anatomical variations and uncertain clinical outcomes.His bundle pacing is rarely reported due to the variation of the His bundle and high pacing threshold.The superficial,wide,multi-branched left bundle branch favors left bundle branch pacing,though delayed systemic right ventricle(sRV)activation may cause ventricular dyssynchrony and impair sRV function.Right bundle branch pacing offers a novel alternative for pacing therapy.Conduction system pacing-optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy is preferred in those with evidence of intrinsic ventricular conduction dysfunction.This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pacing strategies for CCTGA with AVB,integrating anatomical and pathophysiological insights to evaluate physiological pacing strategies,while highlighting critical knowledge gaps to guide future research.
