Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator.It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal re...Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator.It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal resolution for research,such as the study of beam–cavity interactions and bunch-by-bunch parameter measurements.Therefore,a signal reconstruction algorithm with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution and bunch phase compensation based on equivalent sampling is proposed in this paper.Compared with traditional equivalent sampling,the use of phase compensation and setting the bunch signal zero-crossing point as the time reference can construct a more accurate reconstructed signal.The basic principles of the method,simulation,and experimental comparison are also introduced.Based on the beam test platform of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)and the method of experimental verification,the factors that affect the reconstructed signal quality are analyzed and discussed,including the depth of the sampled data,quantization noise of analog-to-digital converter,beam transverse oscillation,and longitudinal oscillation.The results of the beam experiments show that under the user operation conditions of the SSRF,a beam excitation signal with an amplitude uncertainty of 2%can be reconstructed.展开更多
Generation of high spatial and temporal resolution LAI(leaf area index)products is challenging because higher spatial resolution remotely sensed data usually have coarse temporal resolutions and vice versa.In this stu...Generation of high spatial and temporal resolution LAI(leaf area index)products is challenging because higher spatial resolution remotely sensed data usually have coarse temporal resolutions and vice versa.In this study,a novel method that combining Kriging interpolation and Cressman interpolation was proposed to generate high spatial and temporal resolution LAI products by fusing Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MODIS)characterized by coarse spatial resolution and high temporal resolution and Gaofen-1(GF-1)with fine spatial resolution and coarse temporal resolution.This method was applied to the Huangpu district of Guangzhou,Guangdong,China.The results showed that compared to field observation,the predicted values of LAI had an acceptable accuracy of 73.12%.Using Moran’s I index and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests,it was found that the MODIS data were spatially auto-correlated and characterized by normal distributions.Scaling down the 1 km×1 km spatial resolution MODIS products to a spatial resolution of 30 m×30 m using point-Kriging resulted in a precision of 79.38%compared to the results at the same spatial resolution derived from an 8 m×8 m spatial resolution GF-1 image by scaling up using block-Kriging.Moreover,the regression models that accounts for the relationship between NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and LAI based on MODIS data obtained the determination coefficients ranging from 0.833 to 0.870.Finally,the data fusion and interpolation of MODIS and GF-1 data using Cressman method generated high spatial and temporal resolution LAI maps,which showed reasonably spatial and temporal variability.The results imply that the proposed method is a powerful tool to create high spatial and temporal resolution LAI products.展开更多
Among super-resolution microscopy techniques,structured illumination microscopy(SIM)shows great advances in low phototoxicity,high speed,and excellent performance in long-term dynamic observation,making it especially ...Among super-resolution microscopy techniques,structured illumination microscopy(SIM)shows great advances in low phototoxicity,high speed,and excellent performance in long-term dynamic observation,making it especially suitable for live-cell imaging.This review delves into the principles,instrumentation,and applications of SIM,highlighting its capabilities in achieving high spatiotemporal resolution.Two types of structured illumination mechanics are employed:(1)stripe-based SIM,where the illumination stripes are formed through interference or projection,with extended resolution achieved through Fourier-domain extension;(2)point-scanning-based SIM,where illumination patterns are generated through the projection of the focal point or focal array,with extended resolution achieved through photon reassignment.We discuss the evolution of SIM from mechanical to high-speed photoelectric devices,such as spatial light modulators,digital micromirror devices,galvanometers,etc.,which significantly enhance imaging speed,resolution,and modulation flexibility.The review also explores SIM’s applications in biological research,particularly in live-cell imaging and cellular interaction studies,providing insights into disease mechanisms and cellular functions.We conclude by outlining the future directions of SIM in life sciences.With the advancement of imaging techniques and reconstruction algorithms,SIM is poised to bring revolutionary impacts to frontier research fields,offering new avenues for exploring the intricacies of cellular biology.展开更多
Real-time wide-area environment sensing is crucial for accessing open-world information streams from nature and human society.As a transformative technique distinct from electrical sensors,distributed optical fiber se...Real-time wide-area environment sensing is crucial for accessing open-world information streams from nature and human society.As a transformative technique distinct from electrical sensors,distributed optical fiber sensing especially for Brillouin scattering-based paradigm has shown superior bandwidth,power,and sensing range.Still,it suffers from insufficient resolution and timeliness to characterize remote dynamic events.Here we develop TABS—a transient acoustic wave-based Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor,supporting long-range highspatiotemporal-resolution distributed sensing.By designing a functionally synergistic sensor architecture,TABS elaborately leverages wideband and time-weighted energy transformation properties of a transient acousto-optic interaction to breaking through Brillouin-energy-utilization-efficiency bottleneck,enabling enhancements in overall sensing performance.In the experiment,TABS has achieved a 37-cm spatial resolution over a 50-km range with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in temporal resolution compared to prevailing Brillouin sensing approaches.For the first time,TABS is explored for state imaging of evacuated-tube maglev transportation system as an exemplary application,showcasing its feasibility and flexibility for potential open-world applications and large-scale intelligent perception.展开更多
High-speed flows have consistently presented significant challenges to experimental research due to their complex and unsteady characteristics.This study investigates the use of the megahertz-frequency particle image ...High-speed flows have consistently presented significant challenges to experimental research due to their complex and unsteady characteristics.This study investigates the use of the megahertz-frequency particle image velocimetry(MHz-PIV)technique to enhance time resolution under high-speed flow conditions.In our experiments,five high-speed cameras were utilized in rapid succession to capture images of the same measurement area,achieving ultra-high time resolution particle image data.Through advanced image processing techniques,we corrected optical distortions and identified common areas among the captured images.The implementation of a sliding average algorithm,along with spectral analysis of the compressible turbulent flow field based on velocity data,facilitated a comprehensive analysis.The results confirm the capability of MHz-PIV for high-frequency sampling,significantly reducing reliance on individual camera performance.This approach offers a refined measurement method with superior spatiotemporal resolution for high-speed flow experiments.展开更多
We report a framing imaging based on noncollinear optical parametric amplification(NCOPA),named FINCOPA,which applies NCOPA for the first time to single-shot ultrafast optical imaging.In an experiment targeting a lase...We report a framing imaging based on noncollinear optical parametric amplification(NCOPA),named FINCOPA,which applies NCOPA for the first time to single-shot ultrafast optical imaging.In an experiment targeting a laser-induced air plasma grating,FINCOPA achieved 50 fs-resolved optical imaging with a spatial resolution of^83 lp∕mm and an effective frame rate of 10 trillion frames per second(Tfps).It has also successfully visualized an ultrafast rotating optical field with an effective frame rate of 15 Tfps.FINCOPA has simultaneously a femtosecond-level temporal resolution and frame interval and a micrometer-level spatial resolution.Combining outstanding spatial and temporal resolutions with an ultrahigh frame rate,FINCOPA will contribute to high-spatiotemporal resolution observations of ultrafast transient events,such as atomic or molecular dynamics in photonic materials,plasma physics,and laser inertial-confinement fusion.展开更多
Ultrahigh-speed imaging is an essential tool for capturing fast dynamic scenes across various fields.Despite the development of numerous technical strategies,achieving ultrahigh-speed imaging with high spatiotemporal ...Ultrahigh-speed imaging is an essential tool for capturing fast dynamic scenes across various fields.Despite the development of numerous technical strategies,achieving ultrahigh-speed imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and substantial sequence depth remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,we present a compressive ultrahigh-speed imaging technique based on acousto-optic frequency sweeping,termed AOFSCUSI.AOFS-CUSI employs light with rapidly time-varying spectra generated by acousto-optic modulation to illuminate dynamic scenes,records spatio-spectral information using snapshot compressive imaging,and ultimately reconstructs spatiotemporal information through time-spectrum mapping.This technique achieves a temporal resolution of 1.55 million frames per second,a spatial resolution of 228 lp/mm,and a sequence depth of 31 in a single shot.We experimentally validate the superior performance of AOFS-CUSI by capturing the rotation of an optical chopper,the movement of microspheres in a microchannel,and the femtosecondlaser-induced cavitation bubble dynamics.By eliminating the requirement for ultrafast laser sources and simultaneously extending the temporal window,AOFS-CUSI offers an excellent solution for recording and analyzing various fast dynamics,presenting significant potential for applications in both fundamental and applied research.展开更多
Marine vessels play a vital role in the global economy;however,their negative impact on the marine atmospheric environment is a growing concern.Quantifying marine vessel emissions is an essential prerequisite for cont...Marine vessels play a vital role in the global economy;however,their negative impact on the marine atmospheric environment is a growing concern.Quantifying marine vessel emissions is an essential prerequisite for controlling these emissions and improving the marine atmospheric environment.Optical imaging remote sensing is a vital technique for quantifying marine vessel emissions.However,the available imaging techniques have suffered from insufficient detection accuracy and inadequate spatiotemporal resolution.Herein,we propose a fast-hyperspectral imaging remote sensing technique that achieved precise imaging of nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and sulfur dioxide(SO2)from marine vessels.Several key techniques are developed,including the coaxial design of three camera systems(hyperspectral camera,visible camera,and multiwavelength filters)and a high-precision temperature control system for a spectrometer(20℃±0.5℃).Moreover,based on the variation of O_(4)within them,plumes are categorized as aerosol-present and aerosol-absent,with different air mass factor(AMF)calculation schemes developed accordingly.Multiwavelength filters combined with spectral analysis enable precise identification of the plume outline and a detailed observation of the trace gas distribution inside the plume emitted from marine vessels.In addition,we focuse on the emission characteristics of NO2 and SO2 from large ocean cargo ships and small offshore cargo ships.Although there are still many emerging issues,such as measurement of cross-sections of trace gases at different temperature,nighttime imaging,and greenhouse gas imaging,this study opens a gate for synergies in pollution and carbon reductions and the continuous improvement of the marine atmospheric environment.展开更多
As one of the most advanced light source technologies,X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)generate radiation spanning from terahertz to X-ray wavelengths.1 These facilities deliver unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution...As one of the most advanced light source technologies,X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)generate radiation spanning from terahertz to X-ray wavelengths.1 These facilities deliver unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution at subnanometer spatial scales and femtosecond-to-attosecond temporal regimes,revolutionizing ultrafast studies in physics,chemistry,and biology.The unique capability of free-electron lasers(FELs)to produce intense,wavelength-tunable coherent pulses further enables investigations of matter under extreme conditions.展开更多
Beijing,March 27,2025-The Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced today that the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a major national science and technology infrastructure projec...Beijing,March 27,2025-The Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced today that the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a major national science and technology infrastructure project,has successfully completed its preliminary beam commissioning and officially entered the joint commissioning phase(Figure 1A).With an investment of 4.76 billion RMB(∼$657 million),this“super microscope”is designed to redefine the spatiotemporal resolution limits of matter structure research by delivering X-rays with a brilliance that surpasses that of sunlight by a trillion-fold.展开更多
Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography are essential in clinical imaging for anatomical and functional assessment. However, they lack sensitivity to low-abundance molecular act...Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography are essential in clinical imaging for anatomical and functional assessment. However, they lack sensitivity to low-abundance molecular activity. Although positron emission tomography (PET) offers high molecular sensitivity and real-time in vivo quantification, its use is limited by ionizing radiation and short tracer half-life. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising alternative, capable of directly mapping the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution and without ionizing radiation or depth-dependent signal loss. These features make MPI ideal for long-term dynamic cell tracking in radiation-sensitive scenarios. However, developing MPI methods designed for human-scale applications remains challenging. In this perspective, we focus on optimizing system architecture, spatial encoding strategies, and nanoparticle design to enhance resolution, sensitivity, and field of view in MPI and discuss its clinical potential in cell tracking, tumor detection, vascular and neurological disease diagnostics, surgical navigation, multimodal imaging, and magnetically guided hyperthermia.展开更多
Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience.We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography pla...Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience.We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering brains.It can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm^(3) with respective spatial resolution of 35–200μm.Experiments performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate,for the first time,the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering brains.The newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics;in combination with optoacoustics'well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics,it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.展开更多
The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate d...The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate determination of the weathering carbon budget is challenging in this area,especially sink and source flux quantification and the controlling mechanisms.Compared with other major rivers on the plateau,the Nujiang River is characterized by less human disturbance and maintains a relatively pristine state.This study investigates the high spatiotemporal resolution hydrochemistry and dual-carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C_(DIC)andΔ~(14)C_(DIC))of river water in the Nujiang River Basin.The results revealed that the solutes and dissolved inorganic carbon in the river water are predominantly derived from rock weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acids,mainly due to the carbonate weathering process,and significantly enhanced by deep carbon sourcing from hot springs in the fault zone.The average contributions of geological and modern carbon in the main stream of the Nujiang River are 35.2%and 64.8%,respectively,and sulfide oxidation contributes>90%of sulfate ions in the river water.After considering the involvement of sulfuric acid generated by sulfide oxidation during rock weathering,the calculated consumption fluxes of atmospheric CO_(2)by silicate and carbonate weathering in the watershed were decreased by approximately 52.0%and 37.4%,respectively,compared with those calculated ignoring this process.Rock weathering of the Nujiang River Basin is a“CO_(2)sink”on a short time scale,while the participation of sulfuric acid makes it a“CO_(2)source”on a geological time scale.The high-frequency observations of ion concentrations,elemental ratios,and calculated contributions of different rock weathering materials indicate that carbonate rock weathering is more sensitive to temperature and runoff variations than silicate rock weathering,with the solute contribution from carbonate weathering increasing significantly during monsoon period.The material input from different rock types is dominated by the hydrological pathways and water-rock reaction times in the basin.This study reveals the river solute origins and weathering CO_(2)sequestration effect in response to a monsoonal climate in one of the most representative pristine plateau watersheds in the world,which is of great importance for elucidating the weathering control mechanisms and CO_(2)net sourcesink effect in plateau watersheds.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a typical luminescence process triggered by electrochemical reactions.Due to the separated signal types,ECL measurements have some merits of high sensitivity,low background,and simple c...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a typical luminescence process triggered by electrochemical reactions.Due to the separated signal types,ECL measurements have some merits of high sensitivity,low background,and simple configuration.Coupled with a microscopy setup,ECL microscopy(ECLM)has the unique characteristics of ECL and is also furnished with spatiotemporal resolution.Thus,many applications have been created,including nanoscale sensing,ECL mechanism deciphering,transient events of single objects,and ECLM crossover methods.In this review,we will overview the development and basic knowledge of ECL and then profile the setup design of ECLM.Through the understanding of these two parts,we will next probe the diverse applications of ECLM,combining the inter-relation with each other.Finally,the outlook discussing the expectations of further progress of ECLM technology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1602201)the international partnership program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.211134KYSB20200057).
文摘Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator.It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal resolution for research,such as the study of beam–cavity interactions and bunch-by-bunch parameter measurements.Therefore,a signal reconstruction algorithm with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution and bunch phase compensation based on equivalent sampling is proposed in this paper.Compared with traditional equivalent sampling,the use of phase compensation and setting the bunch signal zero-crossing point as the time reference can construct a more accurate reconstructed signal.The basic principles of the method,simulation,and experimental comparison are also introduced.Based on the beam test platform of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)and the method of experimental verification,the factors that affect the reconstructed signal quality are analyzed and discussed,including the depth of the sampled data,quantization noise of analog-to-digital converter,beam transverse oscillation,and longitudinal oscillation.The results of the beam experiments show that under the user operation conditions of the SSRF,a beam excitation signal with an amplitude uncertainty of 2%can be reconstructed.
基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(2014A050503060).
文摘Generation of high spatial and temporal resolution LAI(leaf area index)products is challenging because higher spatial resolution remotely sensed data usually have coarse temporal resolutions and vice versa.In this study,a novel method that combining Kriging interpolation and Cressman interpolation was proposed to generate high spatial and temporal resolution LAI products by fusing Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MODIS)characterized by coarse spatial resolution and high temporal resolution and Gaofen-1(GF-1)with fine spatial resolution and coarse temporal resolution.This method was applied to the Huangpu district of Guangzhou,Guangdong,China.The results showed that compared to field observation,the predicted values of LAI had an acceptable accuracy of 73.12%.Using Moran’s I index and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests,it was found that the MODIS data were spatially auto-correlated and characterized by normal distributions.Scaling down the 1 km×1 km spatial resolution MODIS products to a spatial resolution of 30 m×30 m using point-Kriging resulted in a precision of 79.38%compared to the results at the same spatial resolution derived from an 8 m×8 m spatial resolution GF-1 image by scaling up using block-Kriging.Moreover,the regression models that accounts for the relationship between NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and LAI based on MODIS data obtained the determination coefficients ranging from 0.833 to 0.870.Finally,the data fusion and interpolation of MODIS and GF-1 data using Cressman method generated high spatial and temporal resolution LAI maps,which showed reasonably spatial and temporal variability.The results imply that the proposed method is a powerful tool to create high spatial and temporal resolution LAI products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62025501,62335008,and 62405010)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3401100).
文摘Among super-resolution microscopy techniques,structured illumination microscopy(SIM)shows great advances in low phototoxicity,high speed,and excellent performance in long-term dynamic observation,making it especially suitable for live-cell imaging.This review delves into the principles,instrumentation,and applications of SIM,highlighting its capabilities in achieving high spatiotemporal resolution.Two types of structured illumination mechanics are employed:(1)stripe-based SIM,where the illumination stripes are formed through interference or projection,with extended resolution achieved through Fourier-domain extension;(2)point-scanning-based SIM,where illumination patterns are generated through the projection of the focal point or focal array,with extended resolution achieved through photon reassignment.We discuss the evolution of SIM from mechanical to high-speed photoelectric devices,such as spatial light modulators,digital micromirror devices,galvanometers,etc.,which significantly enhance imaging speed,resolution,and modulation flexibility.The review also explores SIM’s applications in biological research,particularly in live-cell imaging and cellular interaction studies,providing insights into disease mechanisms and cellular functions.We conclude by outlining the future directions of SIM in life sciences.With the advancement of imaging techniques and reconstruction algorithms,SIM is poised to bring revolutionary impacts to frontier research fields,offering new avenues for exploring the intricacies of cellular biology.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contracts Nos.U23A20376,62431024,61735015,62405153,62205176.
文摘Real-time wide-area environment sensing is crucial for accessing open-world information streams from nature and human society.As a transformative technique distinct from electrical sensors,distributed optical fiber sensing especially for Brillouin scattering-based paradigm has shown superior bandwidth,power,and sensing range.Still,it suffers from insufficient resolution and timeliness to characterize remote dynamic events.Here we develop TABS—a transient acoustic wave-based Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor,supporting long-range highspatiotemporal-resolution distributed sensing.By designing a functionally synergistic sensor architecture,TABS elaborately leverages wideband and time-weighted energy transformation properties of a transient acousto-optic interaction to breaking through Brillouin-energy-utilization-efficiency bottleneck,enabling enhancements in overall sensing performance.In the experiment,TABS has achieved a 37-cm spatial resolution over a 50-km range with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in temporal resolution compared to prevailing Brillouin sensing approaches.For the first time,TABS is explored for state imaging of evacuated-tube maglev transportation system as an exemplary application,showcasing its feasibility and flexibility for potential open-world applications and large-scale intelligent perception.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0405700).
文摘High-speed flows have consistently presented significant challenges to experimental research due to their complex and unsteady characteristics.This study investigates the use of the megahertz-frequency particle image velocimetry(MHz-PIV)technique to enhance time resolution under high-speed flow conditions.In our experiments,five high-speed cameras were utilized in rapid succession to capture images of the same measurement area,achieving ultra-high time resolution particle image data.Through advanced image processing techniques,we corrected optical distortions and identified common areas among the captured images.The implementation of a sliding average algorithm,along with spectral analysis of the compressible turbulent flow field based on velocity data,facilitated a comprehensive analysis.The results confirm the capability of MHz-PIV for high-frequency sampling,significantly reducing reliance on individual camera performance.This approach offers a refined measurement method with superior spatiotemporal resolution for high-speed flow experiments.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61775142 and 61705132)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project on the subject layout(No.JCYJ20170412105812811)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Basic Research Projects(Nos.JCYJ20170412105812811,JCYJ20190808164007485,and JCYJ20190808115601653)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Nos.RGPIN-2017-05959 and RGPAS-507845-2017)
文摘We report a framing imaging based on noncollinear optical parametric amplification(NCOPA),named FINCOPA,which applies NCOPA for the first time to single-shot ultrafast optical imaging.In an experiment targeting a laser-induced air plasma grating,FINCOPA achieved 50 fs-resolved optical imaging with a spatial resolution of^83 lp∕mm and an effective frame rate of 10 trillion frames per second(Tfps).It has also successfully visualized an ultrafast rotating optical field with an effective frame rate of 15 Tfps.FINCOPA has simultaneously a femtosecond-level temporal resolution and frame interval and a micrometer-level spatial resolution.Combining outstanding spatial and temporal resolutions with an ultrahigh frame rate,FINCOPA will contribute to high-spatiotemporal resolution observations of ultrafast transient events,such as atomic or molecular dynamics in photonic materials,plasma physics,and laser inertial-confinement fusion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12325408,12274129,12374274,12274139,62175066,92150102,62475070,12474404,12471368)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2024AI01007)+1 种基金Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation(202504)Guangdong ST Program(2023B1212010008).
文摘Ultrahigh-speed imaging is an essential tool for capturing fast dynamic scenes across various fields.Despite the development of numerous technical strategies,achieving ultrahigh-speed imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and substantial sequence depth remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,we present a compressive ultrahigh-speed imaging technique based on acousto-optic frequency sweeping,termed AOFSCUSI.AOFS-CUSI employs light with rapidly time-varying spectra generated by acousto-optic modulation to illuminate dynamic scenes,records spatio-spectral information using snapshot compressive imaging,and ultimately reconstructs spatiotemporal information through time-spectrum mapping.This technique achieves a temporal resolution of 1.55 million frames per second,a spatial resolution of 228 lp/mm,and a sequence depth of 31 in a single shot.We experimentally validate the superior performance of AOFS-CUSI by capturing the rotation of an optical chopper,the movement of microspheres in a microchannel,and the femtosecondlaser-induced cavitation bubble dynamics.By eliminating the requirement for ultrafast laser sources and simultaneously extending the temporal window,AOFS-CUSI offers an excellent solution for recording and analyzing various fast dynamics,presenting significant potential for applications in both fundamental and applied research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475148)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3705400,2022YFC3704200)+1 种基金the major science and technology special project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024A03012)the President’s Foundation of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZJJQY202401,BJPY2024B09).
文摘Marine vessels play a vital role in the global economy;however,their negative impact on the marine atmospheric environment is a growing concern.Quantifying marine vessel emissions is an essential prerequisite for controlling these emissions and improving the marine atmospheric environment.Optical imaging remote sensing is a vital technique for quantifying marine vessel emissions.However,the available imaging techniques have suffered from insufficient detection accuracy and inadequate spatiotemporal resolution.Herein,we propose a fast-hyperspectral imaging remote sensing technique that achieved precise imaging of nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and sulfur dioxide(SO2)from marine vessels.Several key techniques are developed,including the coaxial design of three camera systems(hyperspectral camera,visible camera,and multiwavelength filters)and a high-precision temperature control system for a spectrometer(20℃±0.5℃).Moreover,based on the variation of O_(4)within them,plumes are categorized as aerosol-present and aerosol-absent,with different air mass factor(AMF)calculation schemes developed accordingly.Multiwavelength filters combined with spectral analysis enable precise identification of the plume outline and a detailed observation of the trace gas distribution inside the plume emitted from marine vessels.In addition,we focuse on the emission characteristics of NO2 and SO2 from large ocean cargo ships and small offshore cargo ships.Although there are still many emerging issues,such as measurement of cross-sections of trace gases at different temperature,nighttime imaging,and greenhouse gas imaging,this study opens a gate for synergies in pollution and carbon reductions and the continuous improvement of the marine atmospheric environment.
文摘As one of the most advanced light source technologies,X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)generate radiation spanning from terahertz to X-ray wavelengths.1 These facilities deliver unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution at subnanometer spatial scales and femtosecond-to-attosecond temporal regimes,revolutionizing ultrafast studies in physics,chemistry,and biology.The unique capability of free-electron lasers(FELs)to produce intense,wavelength-tunable coherent pulses further enables investigations of matter under extreme conditions.
基金funded by the research project"The Chinese Academy of Sciences Discipline Development History:Case Studies on Major Missions and Discipline Development(E3293Z06)""Foundamental Theoretical Issues in Philosophy of Engineering Science"(23JZD006),Major Projest in the Philosophy and Social Sciences funded by Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Beijing,March 27,2025-The Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced today that the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a major national science and technology infrastructure project,has successfully completed its preliminary beam commissioning and officially entered the joint commissioning phase(Figure 1A).With an investment of 4.76 billion RMB(∼$657 million),this“super microscope”is designed to redefine the spatiotemporal resolution limits of matter structure research by delivering X-rays with a brilliance that surpasses that of sunlight by a trillion-fold.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB3203803the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62027901,62471372,and 62071362+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0955the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou No.2023B03J1255the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No.ZYTS25100.
文摘Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography are essential in clinical imaging for anatomical and functional assessment. However, they lack sensitivity to low-abundance molecular activity. Although positron emission tomography (PET) offers high molecular sensitivity and real-time in vivo quantification, its use is limited by ionizing radiation and short tracer half-life. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising alternative, capable of directly mapping the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution and without ionizing radiation or depth-dependent signal loss. These features make MPI ideal for long-term dynamic cell tracking in radiation-sensitive scenarios. However, developing MPI methods designed for human-scale applications remains challenging. In this perspective, we focus on optimizing system architecture, spatial encoding strategies, and nanoparticle design to enhance resolution, sensitivity, and field of view in MPI and discuss its clinical potential in cell tracking, tumor detection, vascular and neurological disease diagnostics, surgical navigation, multimodal imaging, and magnetically guided hyperthermia.
基金support from the European Research Council ERC-2010-StG-260991(DR)and ERC-2012-StG_20111109(AL and GGW)the National Institute of Health R21-EY026382-01(DR and SS)+1 种基金the German-Israeli Foundation(GIF)for Scientific Research and Development 1142-46.10/2011(DR and SS)the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers and the Technische Universität München(DR and GGW)。
文摘Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience.We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering brains.It can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm^(3) with respective spatial resolution of 35–200μm.Experiments performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate,for the first time,the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering brains.The newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics;in combination with optoacoustics'well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics,it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0607700)the National Basic Science Center Program of Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41888101)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41730857)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,CAS(Grant No.IGGCAS-202204)support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Grant No.2019067)。
文摘The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate determination of the weathering carbon budget is challenging in this area,especially sink and source flux quantification and the controlling mechanisms.Compared with other major rivers on the plateau,the Nujiang River is characterized by less human disturbance and maintains a relatively pristine state.This study investigates the high spatiotemporal resolution hydrochemistry and dual-carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C_(DIC)andΔ~(14)C_(DIC))of river water in the Nujiang River Basin.The results revealed that the solutes and dissolved inorganic carbon in the river water are predominantly derived from rock weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acids,mainly due to the carbonate weathering process,and significantly enhanced by deep carbon sourcing from hot springs in the fault zone.The average contributions of geological and modern carbon in the main stream of the Nujiang River are 35.2%and 64.8%,respectively,and sulfide oxidation contributes>90%of sulfate ions in the river water.After considering the involvement of sulfuric acid generated by sulfide oxidation during rock weathering,the calculated consumption fluxes of atmospheric CO_(2)by silicate and carbonate weathering in the watershed were decreased by approximately 52.0%and 37.4%,respectively,compared with those calculated ignoring this process.Rock weathering of the Nujiang River Basin is a“CO_(2)sink”on a short time scale,while the participation of sulfuric acid makes it a“CO_(2)source”on a geological time scale.The high-frequency observations of ion concentrations,elemental ratios,and calculated contributions of different rock weathering materials indicate that carbonate rock weathering is more sensitive to temperature and runoff variations than silicate rock weathering,with the solute contribution from carbonate weathering increasing significantly during monsoon period.The material input from different rock types is dominated by the hydrological pathways and water-rock reaction times in the basin.This study reveals the river solute origins and weathering CO_(2)sequestration effect in response to a monsoonal climate in one of the most representative pristine plateau watersheds in the world,which is of great importance for elucidating the weathering control mechanisms and CO_(2)net sourcesink effect in plateau watersheds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21834004,22174061,and 21904063)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20190279)+1 种基金Yangzhou University Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Chemistry Discipline of Targeted Support(yzuxk202009)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(Grant No.SKLACLS2201).
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a typical luminescence process triggered by electrochemical reactions.Due to the separated signal types,ECL measurements have some merits of high sensitivity,low background,and simple configuration.Coupled with a microscopy setup,ECL microscopy(ECLM)has the unique characteristics of ECL and is also furnished with spatiotemporal resolution.Thus,many applications have been created,including nanoscale sensing,ECL mechanism deciphering,transient events of single objects,and ECLM crossover methods.In this review,we will overview the development and basic knowledge of ECL and then profile the setup design of ECLM.Through the understanding of these two parts,we will next probe the diverse applications of ECLM,combining the inter-relation with each other.Finally,the outlook discussing the expectations of further progress of ECLM technology.
