Scaffolding theory is one of the mature teaching methods of constructivism model . The effective interaction between teachers and students is one characteristic of scaffold teaching. This paper aims at combining scaff...Scaffolding theory is one of the mature teaching methods of constructivism model . The effective interaction between teachers and students is one characteristic of scaffold teaching. This paper aims at combining scaffolding theory with classroom interaction in teaching higher vocational students English to help students arouse interest and enhance their comprehensive ability in English learning.展开更多
This article offers an overview of theoretical ideas and recent empirical research by referring to the interactive communication between teachers and learners in a second language classroom.Both the interaction of tea...This article offers an overview of theoretical ideas and recent empirical research by referring to the interactive communication between teachers and learners in a second language classroom.Both the interaction of teacher-centered classroom and learner-centered classroom are reviewed within the context of sociocultural theory.The paper attempts to indicate the better effect of language learning can be achieved by complementing one another in the classroom of teacher-centeredness and learner-centeredness.展开更多
We present a theoretical study of interactions of anionic and neutral serine （Ser） on pure or metal-doped graphene surfaces using density functional theory calculations. Interactions of both types of Ser with the pu...We present a theoretical study of interactions of anionic and neutral serine （Ser） on pure or metal-doped graphene surfaces using density functional theory calculations. Interactions of both types of Ser with the pure graphene surface show weak non-covalent interactions due to the formation of-COOH…π, -COO^-…π, and -OH…π interactions. On metal- doped graphene, covalent interactions to the surface dominate, due to the formation of strong metal-O and O-metal-O interactions. Furthermore, the doped Fe, Cr, Mn, A1, or Ti enhances the ability of graphene to attract both types of Ser by a combination of the adsorption energy, the density of states, the Mulliken atomic charges, and differences of electron density. At the same time, the interaction strengths of anionic Ser on various graphene surfaces are stronger than those of neutral Ser. These results provide useful insights for the rational design and development of graphene-based sensors for the two forms of Ser by introducing appropriate doped atoms. Ti and Fe are suggested to be the best choices among all doped atoms for the anionic Ser and neutral Ser, respectively.展开更多
The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore(valuable mineral)from aluminosilicate minerals(gangue minerals,mainly including kaolinite,illite and pyrophyllite),and the microscopic interaction force betwe...The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore(valuable mineral)from aluminosilicate minerals(gangue minerals,mainly including kaolinite,illite and pyrophyllite),and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency.In this paper,based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory,the van der Waals,electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first,and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration,mineral particle size,air bubble size,collector type(dodecylamine hydrochloride(DAH)and sodium oleate(NaOL))and concentration,and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles.The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution.The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances.The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinitebubble and diaspore-bubble respectively.Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values.The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.展开更多
A computer code based on the double-body potential flow model and the classic source panel method has been developed to study various problems of hydrodynamic interaction between ships and other objects with solid bou...A computer code based on the double-body potential flow model and the classic source panel method has been developed to study various problems of hydrodynamic interaction between ships and other objects with solid boundaries including the seabed. A peculiarity of the proposed implementation is the application of the so-called ＂moving-patch＂ method for simulating steady boundaries of large extensions. The method is based on an assumption that at any moment just the part of the boundary （＂moving patch＂） which lies close to the interacting ship is significant for the near-field interaction. For a specific case of the fiat bottom, comparative computations were performed to determine optimal dimensions of the patch and of the constituting panels based on the trade-off between acceptable accuracy and reasonable efficiency. The method was applied to estimate the sway force on a ship hull moving obliquely across a dredged channel. The method was validated for a case of ship-to-ship interaction when tank data were available. This study also contains a description of a newly developed spline approximation algorithm necessary for creating consistent discretizations of ship hulls with various degrees of refinement.展开更多
Through scanning electron microscope （SEM）, spectral analysis, and component analysis tests, the interaction theory between asphalt and rubber was discussed. It is concluded that rubber powder become soft and bond t...Through scanning electron microscope （SEM）, spectral analysis, and component analysis tests, the interaction theory between asphalt and rubber was discussed. It is concluded that rubber powder become soft and bond together with each other after being mixed with asphalt. The asphalt changes from a smooth homogeneous matter to a continuous mixing system which is composed of rubber powder and asphalt. The interaction is mainly physical diffusion, but there are some chemical reactions in the process, especially at long reaction time.展开更多
Five fully optimized structures of complexes between aza-calix[6]arene host monomers（Ma～Me） and complexes（a～e） have been obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level.Natural bond orbital（NBO） analysis was performed ...Five fully optimized structures of complexes between aza-calix[6]arene host monomers（Ma～Me） and complexes（a～e） have been obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level.Natural bond orbital（NBO） analysis was performed to reveal the origin of the interaction.The intermolecular interaction energy was evaluated with basis set superposition error correction（BSSE） and zero point energy correction（ZPEC）.The B3LYP/6-31G（d） calculations on the five complexes have shown that the greatest interaction（–13.98 kJ/mol） is found in the complex between HMX and hexa-aza-calix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine.The results have indicated that intermolecular interaction energies of aza-calix[6]arenes with substituted group are stronger than those without substituted group,and those with amido are greater than with nitryl.Thus,hexa-azacalix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine is rather equal to eliminate HMX from explosive waste water.展开更多
By introducing the functional theory into the calculation of electric double layer （EDL） interaction, the interaction energies of two parallel plates were calculated respectively at low, moderate, and high potential...By introducing the functional theory into the calculation of electric double layer （EDL） interaction, the interaction energies of two parallel plates were calculated respectively at low, moderate, and high potentials. Compared with the results of two existing methods, Debye-Hückel and Langmuir methods, which are applicable just to the critical potentials and perform poorly in the intermediate potential, the functional approach not only has much simpler expression of the EDL interaction energy, but also performs well in the entire range of potentials.展开更多
Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both 'pure electronic' contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of ...Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both 'pure electronic' contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of improved ligand-field theory, R1, R2, R'3, R'2, and R'1 lines, U band, ground-state zero-field-splitting (GSZFS), and ground-state g factors of ruby and/or GSGG: Cr3+ as well as thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby have been calculated.The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, it is found that the value of cubic-field parameter given by traditional ligand-field theory is inappropriately large. For thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby, several conclusions have also been obtained.展开更多
For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. B...For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.展开更多
Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form ...Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.展开更多
Entropic contribution to the interaction parameter (?) in the model incompressible polymer/oligomer system iscalculated by the lattice cluster theory(LCT).It is found that in the oligomer solvent,there exists a wide c...Entropic contribution to the interaction parameter (?) in the model incompressible polymer/oligomer system iscalculated by the lattice cluster theory(LCT).It is found that in the oligomer solvent,there exists a wide concentration rangethat the non-combinatorial“entropic interaction”term (?)φ_1φ_2 perceptibly counteracts the mean field combinary entropy△S_(MF).With the increase of the solvent size,both (?) and the ratio (?)φ_1φ_2/△S_(MF) first reach their maximum and finallybecome trivially to zero.It is worth noting that no any demixing was found in the current calculation.This makes thecontroversial idea“entropically driven demixing”even elusive.However,we propose that further work on compressiblepolymer solution with structured monomer will witness the demixing owning to an increased configurational correlation.展开更多
Understanding the rheology of bentonite suspensions is crucial for ensuring the safety of engineering practices.However,the rheological mechanisms of bentonite remain unclear due to the limitations of conventional exp...Understanding the rheology of bentonite suspensions is crucial for ensuring the safety of engineering practices.However,the rheological mechanisms of bentonite remain unclear due to the limitations of conventional experimental techniques,particularly in assessing the microscopic interactions between clay particles and their impact on rheological properties.In this paper,the rheological behaviors of Namontmorillonite were studied with a focus on interparticle interactions.Both equilibrium molecular dynamics(MD)and non-equilibrium MD simulations were conducted to understand the physical properties of Na-montmorillonite under zero shear and various shear rates,respectively.The interaction between two parallel clay particles was determined in simulations,indicating that the classical Darjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory underestimates the interactions for a small separation distance.Na-montmorillonite exhibits a typical shear thinning behavior under shearing.However,as water content increases,it begins to behave more like liquid water.The yield stress of montmorillonite,as determined by the Bingham model,was found to be linearly related to the interaction pressures between clay particles.Besides MD simulations,the microstructure of clay suspension was further quantified using the separation distance and incline angle between non-parallel clay particles.Based on MD results and the quantified clay structure,a model was developed to estimate the yield stress of montmorillonite considering various influence factors,including electrolyte concentration,temperature,and solid fraction.Finally,from a comparison with calculated and experimental data,the results confirm the good performance of the proposed model.These findings provide significant insights for understanding the rheological soil behaviors and evaluating the yield stress of bentonite suspensions.展开更多
A Discrete Boltzmann Method(DBM)with a Maxwell-type boundary condition is constructed to investigate the influence of rarefaction on laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction(SWBLI).Due to the complexity of compre...A Discrete Boltzmann Method(DBM)with a Maxwell-type boundary condition is constructed to investigate the influence of rarefaction on laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction(SWBLI).Due to the complexity of compressible flow,a Knudsen number vector Kn,whose components include the local Knudsen numbers such as Kn_(ρ)and Kn_(U),is introduced to characterize the local structures,where Kn_(ρ)and Kn_(U)are Knudsen numbers defined in terms of the density and velocity interfaces,respectively.Since first focusing on the steady state of SWBLI,the DBM considers up to the second-order Kn_(ρ)(rarefaction/non-equilibrium)effects.The model is validated using Mach number 2 SWBLI and the necessity of using DBM with sufficient physical accuracy is confirmed by the shock collision problem.Key findings include the following:the leading-edge shock wave increases the local density Knudsen number Kn_(ρ)and eventually leads to the failure of linear constitutive relations in the Navier-Stokes(N-S)model and surely also in the lower-order DBM;the non-equilibrium effect differences in regions behind the leading-edge shock wave are primarily correlated with Kn_(ρ),while in the separation region are primarily correlated with Kn_(U);the non-equilibrium quantities D_(2)and D_(4,2),as well as the viscous entropy production rate S_(NOMF)can be used to identify the separation zone.The findings clarify various effects and main mechanisms in different regions associated with SWBLI,which are concealed in N-S model.展开更多
High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses ...High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses is shape anisotropy,and it is still difficult to obtain an improvement in intrinsic magnetic loss through electronic structure design.In this paper,the effects of 4f-3d interaction between Er and Fe/Co on magnetic moment,charge migration,and spin polarization were investigated based on density functional theory(DFT).The results show that Er 4f-Fe 3d orbitals undergo significant hybridization at around-4 eV,which increase the electronic locality of Fe and enhance the spin of Fe from 2.86 h/2 to 2.91 h/2.The Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)(0≤x≤0.05)alloys were further prepared by vacuum induction melting and mechanical alloying methods.The saturation magnetization intensity(Ms)increases from 0.141 to 0.182 A·m^(2)/g with increasing Er content.The μ"of Fe_(0.47)Co_(0.5)Er_(0.03)at 16.7 GHz increases from 0.55 to 0.93,and the frequency range over which tanδ_μvalues are greater than 0.5covers 8.0-18.0 GHz,with the maximum value being 0.83 at 17.0 GHz.These results indicate that the Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)/paraffin composite materials have excellent high-frequency magnetic losses and are promising candidates in the field of microwave-absorbing materials.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of implementing continuous nursing combined with knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)intervention under the guidance of interactive goal-setting theory for patients with gestati...Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of implementing continuous nursing combined with knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)intervention under the guidance of interactive goal-setting theory for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 68 patients with GDM who were admitted to the hospital between December 2021 and December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group(34 cases)received continuous nursing combined with KAP intervention under the premise of interactive goal-setting theory,while the conventional group(34 cases)received routine nursing care.Blood glucose control,health behavior scores,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing,the blood glucose level in the combined group was lower than that in the conventional group,and the scores for health behavior and self-management ability were higher than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combined nursing can improve blood glucose control in patients with GDM,standardize their health behaviors,and cultivate their self-management skills.展开更多
I utilize a differentiable dynamical system á la Lotka-Voletrra and explain monetary and fiscal interaction in a supranational monetary union. The paper demonstrates an applied mathematical approach that provides...I utilize a differentiable dynamical system á la Lotka-Voletrra and explain monetary and fiscal interaction in a supranational monetary union. The paper demonstrates an applied mathematical approach that provides useful insights about the interaction mechanisms in theoretical economics in general and a monetary union in particular. I find that a common central bank is necessary but not sufficient to tackle the new interaction problems in a supranational monetary union, such as the free-riding behaviour of fiscal policies. Moreover, I show that supranational institutions, rules or laws are essential to mitigate violations of decentralized fiscal policies.展开更多
Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at hi...Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD, and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction. This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully, which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications. However, as new experimental data come out, we have some difficulties in explaining the data. The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory, which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data. To understand new experimental measurements, a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron, which has vacuum quantum numbers. The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully. There are two exchange mediators： Reggeon and Pomeron. Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region, while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region, separately. In order to explain the data in the whole energy region, we propose a Reggeon-Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes. Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region, it is a phenomenological model. After the advent of QCD, people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction, which is believed to be described by QCD. According to this point of view, we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron. We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state. In particular, the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ（2230） with mass of 2.23 GeV, quantum numbers I^G, J^PC = 0^＋, 2^＋＋ and decay width of about 100 MeV. The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well. Accordingly, we believe that the Odderon, consisting of three Reggeized gluons, and predicted by QCD, should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes. We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies. Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.展开更多
With constant economic development and continuous improvement of living standards in Northeast China,rural tourism,as a new type of tourism,is increasingly favored. From the perspective of symbolic interaction theory,...With constant economic development and continuous improvement of living standards in Northeast China,rural tourism,as a new type of tourism,is increasingly favored. From the perspective of symbolic interaction theory,taking the current situation of rural tourism in Northeast China as an example,this paper explained the semiotic significance between hosts and vips in rural tourism. It established the evaluation indicators for authentic symbolic perception of rural tourism. Also,combined with the theories of sociology and anthropology,it studied the interaction between hosts and tourists of rural tourism in Northeast China.展开更多
文摘Scaffolding theory is one of the mature teaching methods of constructivism model . The effective interaction between teachers and students is one characteristic of scaffold teaching. This paper aims at combining scaffolding theory with classroom interaction in teaching higher vocational students English to help students arouse interest and enhance their comprehensive ability in English learning.
文摘This article offers an overview of theoretical ideas and recent empirical research by referring to the interactive communication between teachers and learners in a second language classroom.Both the interaction of teacher-centered classroom and learner-centered classroom are reviewed within the context of sociocultural theory.The paper attempts to indicate the better effect of language learning can be achieved by complementing one another in the classroom of teacher-centeredness and learner-centeredness.
文摘We present a theoretical study of interactions of anionic and neutral serine （Ser） on pure or metal-doped graphene surfaces using density functional theory calculations. Interactions of both types of Ser with the pure graphene surface show weak non-covalent interactions due to the formation of-COOH…π, -COO^-…π, and -OH…π interactions. On metal- doped graphene, covalent interactions to the surface dominate, due to the formation of strong metal-O and O-metal-O interactions. Furthermore, the doped Fe, Cr, Mn, A1, or Ti enhances the ability of graphene to attract both types of Ser by a combination of the adsorption energy, the density of states, the Mulliken atomic charges, and differences of electron density. At the same time, the interaction strengths of anionic Ser on various graphene surfaces are stronger than those of neutral Ser. These results provide useful insights for the rational design and development of graphene-based sensors for the two forms of Ser by introducing appropriate doped atoms. Ti and Fe are suggested to be the best choices among all doped atoms for the anionic Ser and neutral Ser, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904240,51904239,52104268)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2020JQ-752,2021JQ-571)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2019M653877XB)the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(No.2019YQ3-08)the Huo Yingdong Education Foundation(No.171102)the 2019 Merit-based Science and Technology Project Foundation for Shannxi Overseas-educated Scholars(No.14).
文摘The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore(valuable mineral)from aluminosilicate minerals(gangue minerals,mainly including kaolinite,illite and pyrophyllite),and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency.In this paper,based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory,the van der Waals,electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first,and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration,mineral particle size,air bubble size,collector type(dodecylamine hydrochloride(DAH)and sodium oleate(NaOL))and concentration,and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles.The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution.The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances.The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinitebubble and diaspore-bubble respectively.Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values.The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.
基金Supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under Grant No.PTDC/ECM/100686/2008
文摘A computer code based on the double-body potential flow model and the classic source panel method has been developed to study various problems of hydrodynamic interaction between ships and other objects with solid boundaries including the seabed. A peculiarity of the proposed implementation is the application of the so-called ＂moving-patch＂ method for simulating steady boundaries of large extensions. The method is based on an assumption that at any moment just the part of the boundary （＂moving patch＂） which lies close to the interacting ship is significant for the near-field interaction. For a specific case of the fiat bottom, comparative computations were performed to determine optimal dimensions of the patch and of the constituting panels based on the trade-off between acceptable accuracy and reasonable efficiency. The method was applied to estimate the sway force on a ship hull moving obliquely across a dredged channel. The method was validated for a case of ship-to-ship interaction when tank data were available. This study also contains a description of a newly developed spline approximation algorithm necessary for creating consistent discretizations of ship hulls with various degrees of refinement.
基金Funded by Jiangsu Transportation Research Program(No. 05Y07)
文摘Through scanning electron microscope （SEM）, spectral analysis, and component analysis tests, the interaction theory between asphalt and rubber was discussed. It is concluded that rubber powder become soft and bond together with each other after being mixed with asphalt. The asphalt changes from a smooth homogeneous matter to a continuous mixing system which is composed of rubber powder and asphalt. The interaction is mainly physical diffusion, but there are some chemical reactions in the process, especially at long reaction time.
文摘Five fully optimized structures of complexes between aza-calix[6]arene host monomers（Ma～Me） and complexes（a～e） have been obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level.Natural bond orbital（NBO） analysis was performed to reveal the origin of the interaction.The intermolecular interaction energy was evaluated with basis set superposition error correction（BSSE） and zero point energy correction（ZPEC）.The B3LYP/6-31G（d） calculations on the five complexes have shown that the greatest interaction（–13.98 kJ/mol） is found in the complex between HMX and hexa-aza-calix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine.The results have indicated that intermolecular interaction energies of aza-calix[6]arenes with substituted group are stronger than those without substituted group,and those with amido are greater than with nitryl.Thus,hexa-azacalix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine is rather equal to eliminate HMX from explosive waste water.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20676051 and No.20573048） and the Important Construction Project （category A） of Shanghai Jiao Tong University （No.AE150085）.
文摘By introducing the functional theory into the calculation of electric double layer （EDL） interaction, the interaction energies of two parallel plates were calculated respectively at low, moderate, and high potentials. Compared with the results of two existing methods, Debye-Hückel and Langmuir methods, which are applicable just to the critical potentials and perform poorly in the intermediate potential, the functional approach not only has much simpler expression of the EDL interaction energy, but also performs well in the entire range of potentials.
文摘Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both 'pure electronic' contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of improved ligand-field theory, R1, R2, R'3, R'2, and R'1 lines, U band, ground-state zero-field-splitting (GSZFS), and ground-state g factors of ruby and/or GSGG: Cr3+ as well as thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby have been calculated.The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, it is found that the value of cubic-field parameter given by traditional ligand-field theory is inappropriately large. For thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby, several conclusions have also been obtained.
文摘For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.
文摘Online interactive learning plays a crucial role in improving online education quality.This grounded theory study examines:(1)what key factors shape EFL learners’online interactive learning,(2)how these factors form an empirically validated model,and(3)how they interact within this model,through systematic analysis of 9,207 discussion forum posts from a Chinese University MOOC platform.Results demonstrate that learning drive,course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,expected outcomes,and online learning context significantly influence EFL online interactive learning.The analysis reveals two key mechanisms:expected outcomes mediate the effects of learning drive(β=0.45),course structure,teaching competence,and interaction behavior(β=0.35)on learning outcomes,while online learning context moderates these relationships(β=0.25).Specifically,learning drive provides intrinsic/extrinsic motivation,whereas course structure,teaching competence,interaction behavior,and expected outcomes collectively enhance interaction quality and sustainability.These findings,derived through rigorous grounded theory methodology involving open,axial,and selective coding of large-scale interaction data,yield three key contributions:(1)a comprehensive theoretical model of EFL online learning dynamics,(2)empirical validation of mediation/moderation mechanisms,and(3)practical strategies for designing scaffolded interaction protocols and adaptive feedback systems.The study establishes that its theoretically saturated model(achieved after analyzing 7,366 posts with 1,841 verification cases)offers educators evidence-based approaches to optimize collaborative interaction in digital EFL environments.
基金This work was support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.2037402790103036).
文摘Entropic contribution to the interaction parameter (?) in the model incompressible polymer/oligomer system iscalculated by the lattice cluster theory(LCT).It is found that in the oligomer solvent,there exists a wide concentration rangethat the non-combinatorial“entropic interaction”term (?)φ_1φ_2 perceptibly counteracts the mean field combinary entropy△S_(MF).With the increase of the solvent size,both (?) and the ratio (?)φ_1φ_2/△S_(MF) first reach their maximum and finallybecome trivially to zero.It is worth noting that no any demixing was found in the current calculation.This makes thecontroversial idea“entropically driven demixing”even elusive.However,we propose that further work on compressiblepolymer solution with structured monomer will witness the demixing owning to an increased configurational correlation.
基金the financial support provided by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.42225702)the National Natural Science Fund of China for Excellent Young Scholars Fund(Overseas)+2 种基金Applied Basic Research Programme of Liaoning Province(2023JH2/101300139)Opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology,SKLGP2024K020)Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster,Ministry of Natural Resources.
文摘Understanding the rheology of bentonite suspensions is crucial for ensuring the safety of engineering practices.However,the rheological mechanisms of bentonite remain unclear due to the limitations of conventional experimental techniques,particularly in assessing the microscopic interactions between clay particles and their impact on rheological properties.In this paper,the rheological behaviors of Namontmorillonite were studied with a focus on interparticle interactions.Both equilibrium molecular dynamics(MD)and non-equilibrium MD simulations were conducted to understand the physical properties of Na-montmorillonite under zero shear and various shear rates,respectively.The interaction between two parallel clay particles was determined in simulations,indicating that the classical Darjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory underestimates the interactions for a small separation distance.Na-montmorillonite exhibits a typical shear thinning behavior under shearing.However,as water content increases,it begins to behave more like liquid water.The yield stress of montmorillonite,as determined by the Bingham model,was found to be linearly related to the interaction pressures between clay particles.Besides MD simulations,the microstructure of clay suspension was further quantified using the separation distance and incline angle between non-parallel clay particles.Based on MD results and the quantified clay structure,a model was developed to estimate the yield stress of montmorillonite considering various influence factors,including electrolyte concentration,temperature,and solid fraction.Finally,from a comparison with calculated and experimental data,the results confirm the good performance of the proposed model.These findings provide significant insights for understanding the rheological soil behaviors and evaluating the yield stress of bentonite suspensions.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC2201100)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics,China(No.JCKYS2023212003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172061)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Beijing Institute of Technology)(No.KFJJ25-02M).
文摘A Discrete Boltzmann Method(DBM)with a Maxwell-type boundary condition is constructed to investigate the influence of rarefaction on laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction(SWBLI).Due to the complexity of compressible flow,a Knudsen number vector Kn,whose components include the local Knudsen numbers such as Kn_(ρ)and Kn_(U),is introduced to characterize the local structures,where Kn_(ρ)and Kn_(U)are Knudsen numbers defined in terms of the density and velocity interfaces,respectively.Since first focusing on the steady state of SWBLI,the DBM considers up to the second-order Kn_(ρ)(rarefaction/non-equilibrium)effects.The model is validated using Mach number 2 SWBLI and the necessity of using DBM with sufficient physical accuracy is confirmed by the shock collision problem.Key findings include the following:the leading-edge shock wave increases the local density Knudsen number Kn_(ρ)and eventually leads to the failure of linear constitutive relations in the Navier-Stokes(N-S)model and surely also in the lower-order DBM;the non-equilibrium effect differences in regions behind the leading-edge shock wave are primarily correlated with Kn_(ρ),while in the separation region are primarily correlated with Kn_(U);the non-equilibrium quantities D_(2)and D_(4,2),as well as the viscous entropy production rate S_(NOMF)can be used to identify the separation zone.The findings clarify various effects and main mechanisms in different regions associated with SWBLI,which are concealed in N-S model.
基金Project supported by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(52304410,51972242)Major Project of Hubei Province(2023BAA003)。
文摘High-frequency magnetic materials are crucial for realizing anti-electromagnetic interference in GHz communication devices and electronic equipment.Current mainstream strategy to enhance highfrequency magnetic losses is shape anisotropy,and it is still difficult to obtain an improvement in intrinsic magnetic loss through electronic structure design.In this paper,the effects of 4f-3d interaction between Er and Fe/Co on magnetic moment,charge migration,and spin polarization were investigated based on density functional theory(DFT).The results show that Er 4f-Fe 3d orbitals undergo significant hybridization at around-4 eV,which increase the electronic locality of Fe and enhance the spin of Fe from 2.86 h/2 to 2.91 h/2.The Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)(0≤x≤0.05)alloys were further prepared by vacuum induction melting and mechanical alloying methods.The saturation magnetization intensity(Ms)increases from 0.141 to 0.182 A·m^(2)/g with increasing Er content.The μ"of Fe_(0.47)Co_(0.5)Er_(0.03)at 16.7 GHz increases from 0.55 to 0.93,and the frequency range over which tanδ_μvalues are greater than 0.5covers 8.0-18.0 GHz,with the maximum value being 0.83 at 17.0 GHz.These results indicate that the Fe_(0.5-x)Co_(0.5)Er_(x)/paraffin composite materials have excellent high-frequency magnetic losses and are promising candidates in the field of microwave-absorbing materials.
文摘Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of implementing continuous nursing combined with knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)intervention under the guidance of interactive goal-setting theory for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 68 patients with GDM who were admitted to the hospital between December 2021 and December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group(34 cases)received continuous nursing combined with KAP intervention under the premise of interactive goal-setting theory,while the conventional group(34 cases)received routine nursing care.Blood glucose control,health behavior scores,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing,the blood glucose level in the combined group was lower than that in the conventional group,and the scores for health behavior and self-management ability were higher than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combined nursing can improve blood glucose control in patients with GDM,standardize their health behaviors,and cultivate their self-management skills.
文摘I utilize a differentiable dynamical system á la Lotka-Voletrra and explain monetary and fiscal interaction in a supranational monetary union. The paper demonstrates an applied mathematical approach that provides useful insights about the interaction mechanisms in theoretical economics in general and a monetary union in particular. I find that a common central bank is necessary but not sufficient to tackle the new interaction problems in a supranational monetary union, such as the free-riding behaviour of fiscal policies. Moreover, I show that supranational institutions, rules or laws are essential to mitigate violations of decentralized fiscal policies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10565001 and 10647002the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi under Grant Nos.0481030,0575020,and 0565001
文摘Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD, and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction. This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully, which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications. However, as new experimental data come out, we have some difficulties in explaining the data. The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory, which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data. To understand new experimental measurements, a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron, which has vacuum quantum numbers. The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully. There are two exchange mediators： Reggeon and Pomeron. Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region, while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region, separately. In order to explain the data in the whole energy region, we propose a Reggeon-Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes. Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region, it is a phenomenological model. After the advent of QCD, people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction, which is believed to be described by QCD. According to this point of view, we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron. We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state. In particular, the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ（2230） with mass of 2.23 GeV, quantum numbers I^G, J^PC = 0^＋, 2^＋＋ and decay width of about 100 MeV. The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well. Accordingly, we believe that the Odderon, consisting of three Reggeized gluons, and predicted by QCD, should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes. We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies. Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.
基金Supported by Student Innovation Project of University of Science and Technology Liaoning in 2017(201710146000016)
文摘With constant economic development and continuous improvement of living standards in Northeast China,rural tourism,as a new type of tourism,is increasingly favored. From the perspective of symbolic interaction theory,taking the current situation of rural tourism in Northeast China as an example,this paper explained the semiotic significance between hosts and vips in rural tourism. It established the evaluation indicators for authentic symbolic perception of rural tourism. Also,combined with the theories of sociology and anthropology,it studied the interaction between hosts and tourists of rural tourism in Northeast China.
