The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based...The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China, this paper takes the evolution of China＇s primary energy resources development（excluding hydropower） from 1949 to 2007 as the study object, with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years. Then, based on comprehensive considerations of coal＇s, oil＇s and natural gas＇s basic reserves, qualities, geological conditions production status, and ecological service function of every province, this paper adopts development potential index （DP）to evaluate the development potential of every province＇s en- ergy resources, and divide them into different ranks. Conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） Generally speaking, China＇s gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007. From the viewpoint of spatial patterns, China＇s energy resources development has shown a characteristic of ＂concentrating to the north and central areas, and evolving from linear-shaped to ＂T-shaped＂ pattern gradually since 1949. （2） The structure evolution of China＇s energy resources development in general has shown a trend of ＂coal proportion is dominant but decreasing, while oil and gas proportions are increasing＂ since 1949. （3） At the provincial scale, China＇s energy resources development potential could be divided into large, sub-large, general and small ranks, four in all. In the future, the spatial pattern of China＇s energy production will evolve from ＂T-shaped＂ to ＂R-shaped pattern＂. These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development, and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans, coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption, ensure national energy supply, avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development, and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization back-ground with changeful international energy market.展开更多
The index of Risk Frequency (RF) and other relative indices are used to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of environmental riskevents in the past 30 years in Shenyang city. The results show that thereexists si...The index of Risk Frequency (RF) and other relative indices are used to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of environmental riskevents in the past 30 years in Shenyang city. The results show that thereexists significant difference of the RFs between periods of 1966-1977 and1978-1991 (t=7.353**, t0.01=2.807). During the past 30 years, there areno significant changes of the spatial patterns of the environmental risk,while the proportions of environmental risk among the districts are extremely different. In Shenyang city, there exists a series of high riskenterprises, and the chemical industry is the one with highest risk.展开更多
Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, chang...Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, changes in the mean-state of drought detected in recent decades were due to decreases in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) method was used to decompose drought into spatio-temporal patterns, and the first two EOF modes were analyzed. According to the first leading EOF mode(48.5%), the temporal variability(Principal Components, PC1) was highly positively correlated with annual series of PDSI(r=+0.99). The variance decomposition method was further applied to explain the inter-decadal temporal and spatial variations of drought relative to the total variation. We find that 90% of total variance was explained by time variance, and both total and time variance dramatically decreased from 1982 to 2013. The total variance was consistent with extreme climate events at the inter-decadal scale(r=0.71, p<0.01). Comparing the influence of climate change on the annual drought in two different long-term periods characterized by dramatic global warming(P1: 1961–1989 and P2: 1990–2013), we find that temperature sensitivity in the P2 was three times more than that in the P1.展开更多
This paper analyses the features and dynamic changes of the spatial layout of air transportation utilization among different provinces in China. It makes use of data for the airport throughput and socio-economic devel...This paper analyses the features and dynamic changes of the spatial layout of air transportation utilization among different provinces in China. It makes use of data for the airport throughput and socio-economic development of every province throughout the country in the years 2006 and 2015, and employs airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per unit of GDP as measures of regional air transportation utilization, which is significant for refining indicators of regional air transportation scale and comparing against them. It also analyzes the spatial differences of coupling between the regional air transportation utilization indicators and the key influencing factors on regional air transportation demand and utilization, which include per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Based on these key influencing factors, it establishes a multiple linear regression model to conduct forecasting of each province＇s future airport passenger and cargo throughput as well as throughput growth rates. The findings of the study are as follows：（1） Between 2006 and 2015, every province throughout the country showed a trend of year on year growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita. Throughput per capita grew fastest in Hebei, with a rise of 780%, and slowest in Beijing, with a rise of 38%. Throughput per capita was relatively high in western and southeastern coastal regions, and relatively low in northern and central regions. Airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP showed growth in provinces with relatively slow economic development, and showed negative growth in provinces with relatively rapid economic development. Throughput per unit of GDP grew fastest in Hebei, rising 265% between 2006 and 2015, and Hunan had the fastest negative growth, with a fall of 44% in the same period. Southwestern regions had relatively high throughput per unit of GDP, while in central, northern, and northeastern regions it was relatively low.（2） Strong correlation exists between airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Throughput per capita has positive correlation with per capita GDP and urbanization rate in all regions, and positive correlation with population density in most regions. Meanwhile, there is weak correlation between airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density, with positive correlation in some regions and negative correlation in others.（3） Between 2015 and 2025, it is estimated that all provinces experience a trend of rapid growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput. Inner Mongolia and Hebei will see the fastest growth, rising221% and 155%, respectively, while Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hubei will see the slowest growth, with increases of 62%, 63%, and 65%, respectively.展开更多
Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly ...Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention.展开更多
Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 198...Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 1984 to 2015 were selected to monitor the area of lakes in the Bashang Plateau and to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of lakes in the Bashang Plateau. The results showed that there were 47 lakes in the Bashang Plateau in 2015, with a total area of 37.63 km2, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. From 1984 to 2015, the lakes in Bashang Plateau showed a shrinking trend. At the same time, there are obvious stage differences in lake changes. During 1984-1996, the number of lakes increased by 99 and the total area increased by 124.43 km2. From 1996 to 2015, the number of lakes decreased by 142, and the total area decreased by 183.96 km2. Before 1996, climate change was the dominant factor. However, the shrinkage of lakes after 1996 is the result of climate change and human activities. Among them, the large-scale planting of water consuming crops such as vegetables is the main human activity mode leading to lake shrinkage. This study will help to understand the expansion and contraction factors of the Bashang Plateau lakes in Hebei province and provide a reference for the future protection and management of the lakes.展开更多
In the context of territorial spatial planning,the overall coordinated protection has become a consensus in the field of cultural heritage protection,and the study on the spatial and temporal pattern of trans-regional...In the context of territorial spatial planning,the overall coordinated protection has become a consensus in the field of cultural heritage protection,and the study on the spatial and temporal pattern of trans-regional cultural heritage is of great significance to the overall protection.Based on the cultural relics protection units in Jingzhou area of national great site protection,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural heritage resources were studied with the help of ArcGIS.The data show that on the whole,the cultural heritage in Jingzhou area of national great site protection presented the time series of “a large span,more at two ends” and the spatial distribution pattern of “one main,two secondary and three cores”.Cultural heritage in different historical periods had the characteristics of differentiated regional aggregation.The formation of the spatial pattern of different types of cultural heritage was closely related to the local historical and cultural background.Cultural heritage was affected by rivers,terrain,transportation,land,culture and other factors.It was mainly distributed along rivers in areas with little topographic fluctuation and low altitudes.The development and construction of cultural heritage sites were weak,and the ecological foundation was poor.However,the traffic accessibility was good,and the cultural heritage was deep.The research results are expected to provide a scientific basis for guiding the large site protection area to strengthen the integrated protection of cultural resources.展开更多
Based on combing the existing research on the production-living-ecological space,the paper quantitatively analyzes the evaluation system-development level-temporal and spatial evolution,future trend-influencing factor...Based on combing the existing research on the production-living-ecological space,the paper quantitatively analyzes the evaluation system-development level-temporal and spatial evolution,future trend-influencing factors of the production-living-ecological functions coupling and coordination in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2018.Through multi-scale analysis and comparison,the paper tries to identify problem areas and put forward corresponding measures.The research results show that:(1)The coupling and coordination degree of the production-living-ecological functions in the Yellow River Basin both show an upward trend,and its future growth trend is relatively slow.(2)The spatial-temporal differential characteristics of the coordinated development level of the production-living-ecological functions are obvious,and gradually develop towards the direction of benign resonance in time,showing a spatial distribution pattern of“high in the northeast and low in the southwest”.(3)There is a big difference in the level of coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions,and the coordination degree of the“production-living”function is the lowest.(4)Scientific and technological investment,economic development level,government capacity,and urbanization level have a significant positive impact on the spatial effect of the coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions of the Yellow River Basin,and the same factor has different effects on different regions.展开更多
Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basi...Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programs concerning water resources and water supply services are top priorities for ecosystem service protection. We analyzed spatial and temporal patterns associated with generation and use of water supply services in the Dongjiang Lake basin using the In VEST model, socio-economic data and water resource data. We found that between 1995 and 2010, water yield in the Dongjiang Lake basin and its beneficiary areas increased before declining, varying 9350–12 400 m3 ha-1 y-1; average water yield peaked in 2000. The spatial distribution patterns of water yield during these years are similar, progressively decreasing from upstream to downstream with a remarkable reduction in surrounding areas of city clusters. Average water consumption of the basin and its beneficiary areas ranged from 2900–4450 m3 ha-1 y-1 between 1995 and 2010; the spatial distribution patterns of water consumption during these years are similar, dropping gradually from urban construction land to its surroundings with a stronger gradient between urban and rural areas. More water was consumed on both banks and surroundings of the lake. From 1995 to 2010, water supply fell short of demand for urban construction land and its proximity as well as areas along the lake. Water supply services were able to satisfy needs in other regions. The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster suffers from the most strained water supply.展开更多
Here,we quantitatively determine temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin,Inner Mongolia,China,from 2000 to 2010 based on MODIS remote sensing data and NDVI ...Here,we quantitatively determine temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin,Inner Mongolia,China,from 2000 to 2010 based on MODIS remote sensing data and NDVI time series information for the years 2000,2005 and 2010.Phenological calendars and a decisionmaking tree extraction model were also used to obtain spatial distribution information of spring maize,spring wheat and soybean.We found that in 2010,the sown area of the main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin was 11 965.08km2,of which,the sown area for spring maize accounted for 92.28%and was concentrated in the lower reaches of the region.Spring wheat accounted for 3.14% and was mainly in the middle reaches.Soybean accounted for 4.58% and was predominantly in the upper reaches.From 2000 to 2005,the sown area of these grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin grew by 29.77%,mainly in the lower reaches： spring maize grew by 38.99%,spring wheat by 39.04% and soybean by 21.27%.From 2005 to 2010,growth in the sown area of these crops was slow（5.18% growth） and mainly in the lower reaches of the basin.The sown area of spring maize increased,but decreased for both spring wheat and soybean.展开更多
Green innovation is an important driving force for high-quality development and an important guarantee for the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China.However,research on green innovation is still...Green innovation is an important driving force for high-quality development and an important guarantee for the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China.However,research on green innovation is still insufficient.Using the super-efficiency epsilon-based measure Malmquist model,kernel density estimation,and spatial econometric model,this study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of green innovation efficiency(GIE)in Northeast China from 2005 to 2020.The results reveal that:1)The GIE in Northeast China has obvious phased characteristics,where 2005-2011 was a period of fluctuating decline while 2012-2020 was a period of fluctuating increase,reflecting the severe resource and environmental constraints faced by the green innovation process.2)The GIE in the Northeast China has a significant spatial dependence,which has not formed a relatively stable spatial club feature.The process for improving the GIE in the Northeast China in the future is still arduous and far off.3)The interweaving and mutual influence of nonequilibrium factors have led to the diversity and complexity of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution of GIE.Overall,the level of economic development and industrial structure has a positive effect,while foreign investment and industrial agglomeration have a negative effect.The direct effects of government regulation,resource endowment,science and technology,environmental regulation,and urbanization are not significant.The research conclusion of this article can provide important reference for the revitalization of Northeast China.展开更多
The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainable development of the economy and society in Beijing. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s water conservation services(WCS...The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainable development of the economy and society in Beijing. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s water conservation services(WCS) based on the water balance equation at multiple scales, including city, main functional areas and key districts and counties, determined the differences in the water conservation amount among different land cover types and investigated the reasons for the spatiotemporal differences in the water conservation amount. The results indicated that:(1) compared to 2005, water conservation amount increased substantially in 2010. However, the overall water conservation capacity was low.(2) Among the various land cover types in Beijing, the average water conservation capacity decreased in the following order: wetland, forest, grassland, cropland, bare land and artificial surface.(3) The average water conservation amount in the main functional areas of Beijing varied substantially and was positive only in the ecological conservation area(ECA).(4) The water conservation capacity of each district and county varied substantially within ECA, among which the contribution of the forest in Miyun District, Huairou District and Pinggu District was the highest. The changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s WCS were the synthetic effects of changes in the land covers and meteorological conditions. This study is helpful in achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources in Beijing.展开更多
The assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality caused by land use changes can provide a scientifc basis for the ecological protection and green development of mining cities.Taking Yanshan County as ...The assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality caused by land use changes can provide a scientifc basis for the ecological protection and green development of mining cities.Taking Yanshan County as an example of a typical mining city,this article discussed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of habitat quality in 2000 and 2018 based on the ArcGIS platform and the InVEST model.The conclusions are as below:from 2000 to 2018,the area of farmland and construction land changed the most in the study area.Among them,the area of farmland decreased by 3.48%,and the area of industrial and mining land and construction land increased by 53.25%.Areas of low,relatively low and high habitat quality expanded,and areas of medium and relatively high habitat quality shrank,which is closely related to the distribution of land use.The areas with high habitat degradation degrees appear around cities,mining areas and watersheds,while the areas with low habitat degradation degrees are mainly distributed in the southern woodland.The distribution of cold and hot spots in the habitat quality distribution of Yanshan County presents a pattern of“hot in the south and cold in the north”.The results are of great signifcance to the precise implementation of ecosystem management decisions in mining cities and the creation of a landscape pattern of“beautiful countrysides,green cities,and green mines”.展开更多
The construction of a livable environment for the elderly is an important measure to address the challenges of aging and improve their livelihood and well-being.Based on China’s national conditions and combined with ...The construction of a livable environment for the elderly is an important measure to address the challenges of aging and improve their livelihood and well-being.Based on China’s national conditions and combined with the actual development needs of the cities,it is of great significance to explore the coupling and coordination characteristics and influencing factors within the livable environment system for the elderly for the coordination and stable development.This article was based on the three subsystems of’living service environment,socioeconomic environment and ecological livable environment’,following the research framework of’process-pattern-trend-impact’,constructs an evaluation index system for the livable environment for the elderly.Entropy weight-TOPSIS evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,center of gravity and standard deviation ellipse model and the geographic detector model were used starting from the evolution of coupling coordination types to study the spatial and temporal pattern and dynamic trend characteristics and influencing factors of internal coupling coordination types in the livable environment system for the elderly from2010 to 2019.The results showed that:1)The coordinated development of life service environment system and ecological livable environment system(LE)and socioeconomic environment system and ecological livable environment system(SE)in the livable environment for the elderly decreased from the intermediate coordination level coordination areas to the low-level quality improvement and optimization areas:coordinated transition type.The overall development level of life service environment system and socioeconomic environment system(LS)was low,and it was always at a low level.2)The coupling degree of livable environment system for the elderly was high,the coupling coordination type shown a gradually decreasing layer structure with Zhejiang,Beijing and Guangdong high-level leading demonstration areas as the axis belt.3)The coupling coordination center of the elderly livable environment system was located in Henan,and the standard deviation ellipse was distributed in the northeast-southwest direction.The development center and the ellipse of the high-level leading demonstration areas and the intermediate coordination level areas were concentrated in the central and eastern regions,while the low-level coordination areas for improving quality and efficiency are mainly located in the western region.4)Urban development,green facilities,infrastructure,government macroscopic regulation and control,economic stimulus,and housing construction were all important factors affecting the coordinated development of the livable environment system for the elderly,exerting a varying degree of effect on the level of coordinated development of various types of systems.展开更多
Mixed use has been extensively applied as an urban planning principle and hinders the study of single urban functions.To address this problem,it is worth decomposing the mixed use.Inspired by the concept of spectral u...Mixed use has been extensively applied as an urban planning principle and hinders the study of single urban functions.To address this problem,it is worth decomposing the mixed use.Inspired by the concept of spectral unmixing in remote sensing applications,this paper proposes a framework for mixed-use decomposition based on big geo-data.Mixeduse decomposition in terms of human activities differs from traditional land use research,and it is more reasonable to infer the actual urban function of land.The framework consists of four steps,namely temporal activity signature extraction,urban function base curve extraction,mixeduse decomposition,and result validation.First,the temporal activity signatures(TASs)of each zone are extracted as the proxy of human activity patterns.Second,the diurnal TASs of routine activities are extracted as urban function base curves(i.e.endmembers).Third,a linear decomposition model is used to decompose the mixed use and obtain multiple results(urban function composition,dynamic activity proportions,and the mixing index).Finally,result validation strategies are concluded.This framework offers method extensibility and has few requirements for the input data.It is validated by means of a case study of Beijing,based on a social media check-in dataset.展开更多
基金Key Project of National Science and Technology Supporting Program, No.2006038053001 Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40535026 Environment Protection and Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Science and Technology, No.08L80370AJ
文摘The issue of China＇s energy supply security is not only the key problem which af- fects China＇s rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century, but also the one which international attention focuses on. Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China, this paper takes the evolution of China＇s primary energy resources development（excluding hydropower） from 1949 to 2007 as the study object, with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years. Then, based on comprehensive considerations of coal＇s, oil＇s and natural gas＇s basic reserves, qualities, geological conditions production status, and ecological service function of every province, this paper adopts development potential index （DP）to evaluate the development potential of every province＇s en- ergy resources, and divide them into different ranks. Conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） Generally speaking, China＇s gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007. From the viewpoint of spatial patterns, China＇s energy resources development has shown a characteristic of ＂concentrating to the north and central areas, and evolving from linear-shaped to ＂T-shaped＂ pattern gradually since 1949. （2） The structure evolution of China＇s energy resources development in general has shown a trend of ＂coal proportion is dominant but decreasing, while oil and gas proportions are increasing＂ since 1949. （3） At the provincial scale, China＇s energy resources development potential could be divided into large, sub-large, general and small ranks, four in all. In the future, the spatial pattern of China＇s energy production will evolve from ＂T-shaped＂ to ＂R-shaped pattern＂. These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China＇s energy resources development, and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans, coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption, ensure national energy supply, avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development, and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization back-ground with changeful international energy market.
文摘The index of Risk Frequency (RF) and other relative indices are used to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of environmental riskevents in the past 30 years in Shenyang city. The results show that thereexists significant difference of the RFs between periods of 1966-1977 and1978-1991 (t=7.353**, t0.01=2.807). During the past 30 years, there areno significant changes of the spatial patterns of the environmental risk,while the proportions of environmental risk among the districts are extremely different. In Shenyang city, there exists a series of high riskenterprises, and the chemical industry is the one with highest risk.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC0401401,No.2016YFA0602402Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.ZDRW-ZS-2017-3-1+1 种基金The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Pioneer Hundred Talents ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41601035
文摘Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, changes in the mean-state of drought detected in recent decades were due to decreases in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) method was used to decompose drought into spatio-temporal patterns, and the first two EOF modes were analyzed. According to the first leading EOF mode(48.5%), the temporal variability(Principal Components, PC1) was highly positively correlated with annual series of PDSI(r=+0.99). The variance decomposition method was further applied to explain the inter-decadal temporal and spatial variations of drought relative to the total variation. We find that 90% of total variance was explained by time variance, and both total and time variance dramatically decreased from 1982 to 2013. The total variance was consistent with extreme climate events at the inter-decadal scale(r=0.71, p<0.01). Comparing the influence of climate change on the annual drought in two different long-term periods characterized by dramatic global warming(P1: 1961–1989 and P2: 1990–2013), we find that temperature sensitivity in the P2 was three times more than that in the P1.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171433Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China,No.16BJY039
文摘This paper analyses the features and dynamic changes of the spatial layout of air transportation utilization among different provinces in China. It makes use of data for the airport throughput and socio-economic development of every province throughout the country in the years 2006 and 2015, and employs airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per unit of GDP as measures of regional air transportation utilization, which is significant for refining indicators of regional air transportation scale and comparing against them. It also analyzes the spatial differences of coupling between the regional air transportation utilization indicators and the key influencing factors on regional air transportation demand and utilization, which include per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Based on these key influencing factors, it establishes a multiple linear regression model to conduct forecasting of each province＇s future airport passenger and cargo throughput as well as throughput growth rates. The findings of the study are as follows：（1） Between 2006 and 2015, every province throughout the country showed a trend of year on year growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita. Throughput per capita grew fastest in Hebei, with a rise of 780%, and slowest in Beijing, with a rise of 38%. Throughput per capita was relatively high in western and southeastern coastal regions, and relatively low in northern and central regions. Airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP showed growth in provinces with relatively slow economic development, and showed negative growth in provinces with relatively rapid economic development. Throughput per unit of GDP grew fastest in Hebei, rising 265% between 2006 and 2015, and Hunan had the fastest negative growth, with a fall of 44% in the same period. Southwestern regions had relatively high throughput per unit of GDP, while in central, northern, and northeastern regions it was relatively low.（2） Strong correlation exists between airport passenger and cargo throughput per capita and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density. Throughput per capita has positive correlation with per capita GDP and urbanization rate in all regions, and positive correlation with population density in most regions. Meanwhile, there is weak correlation between airport passenger and cargo throughput per unit of GDP and per capita GDP, urbanization rate, and population density, with positive correlation in some regions and negative correlation in others.（3） Between 2015 and 2025, it is estimated that all provinces experience a trend of rapid growth in their airport passenger and cargo throughput. Inner Mongolia and Hebei will see the fastest growth, rising221% and 155%, respectively, while Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hubei will see the slowest growth, with increases of 62%, 63%, and 65%, respectively.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101548)Philosophy and Social Science Research Program of Heilongjiang Province in 2016(No.16JBL01)+1 种基金Key Research Projects of Economic and Social Development in Heilongjiang Province(No.JD2016014)Human Civilization and Social Science Supportive Program for Excellent Young Scholars of Harbin Normal University(No.SYQ2014-06)
文摘Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention.
文摘Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 1984 to 2015 were selected to monitor the area of lakes in the Bashang Plateau and to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of lakes in the Bashang Plateau. The results showed that there were 47 lakes in the Bashang Plateau in 2015, with a total area of 37.63 km2, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. From 1984 to 2015, the lakes in Bashang Plateau showed a shrinking trend. At the same time, there are obvious stage differences in lake changes. During 1984-1996, the number of lakes increased by 99 and the total area increased by 124.43 km2. From 1996 to 2015, the number of lakes decreased by 142, and the total area decreased by 183.96 km2. Before 1996, climate change was the dominant factor. However, the shrinkage of lakes after 1996 is the result of climate change and human activities. Among them, the large-scale planting of water consuming crops such as vegetables is the main human activity mode leading to lake shrinkage. This study will help to understand the expansion and contraction factors of the Bashang Plateau lakes in Hebei province and provide a reference for the future protection and management of the lakes.
基金Sponsored by the Project for the Philosophy and Social Science Research of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2021 (21Q049)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for University Students of Changjiang University in 2021 (Yz2021325)。
文摘In the context of territorial spatial planning,the overall coordinated protection has become a consensus in the field of cultural heritage protection,and the study on the spatial and temporal pattern of trans-regional cultural heritage is of great significance to the overall protection.Based on the cultural relics protection units in Jingzhou area of national great site protection,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural heritage resources were studied with the help of ArcGIS.The data show that on the whole,the cultural heritage in Jingzhou area of national great site protection presented the time series of “a large span,more at two ends” and the spatial distribution pattern of “one main,two secondary and three cores”.Cultural heritage in different historical periods had the characteristics of differentiated regional aggregation.The formation of the spatial pattern of different types of cultural heritage was closely related to the local historical and cultural background.Cultural heritage was affected by rivers,terrain,transportation,land,culture and other factors.It was mainly distributed along rivers in areas with little topographic fluctuation and low altitudes.The development and construction of cultural heritage sites were weak,and the ecological foundation was poor.However,the traffic accessibility was good,and the cultural heritage was deep.The research results are expected to provide a scientific basis for guiding the large site protection area to strengthen the integrated protection of cultural resources.
文摘Based on combing the existing research on the production-living-ecological space,the paper quantitatively analyzes the evaluation system-development level-temporal and spatial evolution,future trend-influencing factors of the production-living-ecological functions coupling and coordination in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2018.Through multi-scale analysis and comparison,the paper tries to identify problem areas and put forward corresponding measures.The research results show that:(1)The coupling and coordination degree of the production-living-ecological functions in the Yellow River Basin both show an upward trend,and its future growth trend is relatively slow.(2)The spatial-temporal differential characteristics of the coordinated development level of the production-living-ecological functions are obvious,and gradually develop towards the direction of benign resonance in time,showing a spatial distribution pattern of“high in the northeast and low in the southwest”.(3)There is a big difference in the level of coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions,and the coordination degree of the“production-living”function is the lowest.(4)Scientific and technological investment,economic development level,government capacity,and urbanization level have a significant positive impact on the spatial effect of the coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions of the Yellow River Basin,and the same factor has different effects on different regions.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program(2013BAC03B05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400411)
文摘Water-related ecosystem services is a hot topic in ecological research. Water supply services are crucial to regional water cycles and water quantity balance. The Dongjiang Lake basin is a national priority river basin in China where ecological compensation pilot programs concerning water resources and water supply services are top priorities for ecosystem service protection. We analyzed spatial and temporal patterns associated with generation and use of water supply services in the Dongjiang Lake basin using the In VEST model, socio-economic data and water resource data. We found that between 1995 and 2010, water yield in the Dongjiang Lake basin and its beneficiary areas increased before declining, varying 9350–12 400 m3 ha-1 y-1; average water yield peaked in 2000. The spatial distribution patterns of water yield during these years are similar, progressively decreasing from upstream to downstream with a remarkable reduction in surrounding areas of city clusters. Average water consumption of the basin and its beneficiary areas ranged from 2900–4450 m3 ha-1 y-1 between 1995 and 2010; the spatial distribution patterns of water consumption during these years are similar, dropping gradually from urban construction land to its surroundings with a stronger gradient between urban and rural areas. More water was consumed on both banks and surroundings of the lake. From 1995 to 2010, water supply fell short of demand for urban construction land and its proximity as well as areas along the lake. Water supply services were able to satisfy needs in other regions. The Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster suffers from the most strained water supply.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271541)
文摘Here,we quantitatively determine temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin,Inner Mongolia,China,from 2000 to 2010 based on MODIS remote sensing data and NDVI time series information for the years 2000,2005 and 2010.Phenological calendars and a decisionmaking tree extraction model were also used to obtain spatial distribution information of spring maize,spring wheat and soybean.We found that in 2010,the sown area of the main grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin was 11 965.08km2,of which,the sown area for spring maize accounted for 92.28%and was concentrated in the lower reaches of the region.Spring wheat accounted for 3.14% and was mainly in the middle reaches.Soybean accounted for 4.58% and was predominantly in the upper reaches.From 2000 to 2005,the sown area of these grain crops in the West Liaohe River basin grew by 29.77%,mainly in the lower reaches： spring maize grew by 38.99%,spring wheat by 39.04% and soybean by 21.27%.From 2005 to 2010,growth in the sown area of these crops was slow（5.18% growth） and mainly in the lower reaches of the basin.The sown area of spring maize increased,but decreased for both spring wheat and soybean.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571228,42401212)National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2024MD022)。
文摘Green innovation is an important driving force for high-quality development and an important guarantee for the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China.However,research on green innovation is still insufficient.Using the super-efficiency epsilon-based measure Malmquist model,kernel density estimation,and spatial econometric model,this study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of green innovation efficiency(GIE)in Northeast China from 2005 to 2020.The results reveal that:1)The GIE in Northeast China has obvious phased characteristics,where 2005-2011 was a period of fluctuating decline while 2012-2020 was a period of fluctuating increase,reflecting the severe resource and environmental constraints faced by the green innovation process.2)The GIE in the Northeast China has a significant spatial dependence,which has not formed a relatively stable spatial club feature.The process for improving the GIE in the Northeast China in the future is still arduous and far off.3)The interweaving and mutual influence of nonequilibrium factors have led to the diversity and complexity of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution of GIE.Overall,the level of economic development and industrial structure has a positive effect,while foreign investment and industrial agglomeration have a negative effect.The direct effects of government regulation,resource endowment,science and technology,environmental regulation,and urbanization are not significant.The research conclusion of this article can provide important reference for the revitalization of Northeast China.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503403,2016YFC0503706)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20020402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400411)
文摘The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainable development of the economy and society in Beijing. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s water conservation services(WCS) based on the water balance equation at multiple scales, including city, main functional areas and key districts and counties, determined the differences in the water conservation amount among different land cover types and investigated the reasons for the spatiotemporal differences in the water conservation amount. The results indicated that:(1) compared to 2005, water conservation amount increased substantially in 2010. However, the overall water conservation capacity was low.(2) Among the various land cover types in Beijing, the average water conservation capacity decreased in the following order: wetland, forest, grassland, cropland, bare land and artificial surface.(3) The average water conservation amount in the main functional areas of Beijing varied substantially and was positive only in the ecological conservation area(ECA).(4) The water conservation capacity of each district and county varied substantially within ECA, among which the contribution of the forest in Miyun District, Huairou District and Pinggu District was the highest. The changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s WCS were the synthetic effects of changes in the land covers and meteorological conditions. This study is helpful in achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources in Beijing.
基金was funded by the Jiangxi Provincial Social Science Foundation“the 14th Five-Year Plan”(2021)regional project(21DQ44)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ210723)+1 种基金the Doctoral Research Initiation fund of East China University of Technology(DHBK2019184)the Graduate Innovation Fund of East China University of Technology(DHYC-202123).
文摘The assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality caused by land use changes can provide a scientifc basis for the ecological protection and green development of mining cities.Taking Yanshan County as an example of a typical mining city,this article discussed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of habitat quality in 2000 and 2018 based on the ArcGIS platform and the InVEST model.The conclusions are as below:from 2000 to 2018,the area of farmland and construction land changed the most in the study area.Among them,the area of farmland decreased by 3.48%,and the area of industrial and mining land and construction land increased by 53.25%.Areas of low,relatively low and high habitat quality expanded,and areas of medium and relatively high habitat quality shrank,which is closely related to the distribution of land use.The areas with high habitat degradation degrees appear around cities,mining areas and watersheds,while the areas with low habitat degradation degrees are mainly distributed in the southern woodland.The distribution of cold and hot spots in the habitat quality distribution of Yanshan County presents a pattern of“hot in the south and cold in the north”.The results are of great signifcance to the precise implementation of ecosystem management decisions in mining cities and the creation of a landscape pattern of“beautiful countrysides,green cities,and green mines”.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2019D008)Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(No.19YJC630177)+1 种基金Innovative Youth Talent Cultivation Plan of Heilongjiang Provincial Universities(No.UNPYSCT-2018194)Human Civilization and Social Science Supportive Program for Excellent Young Scholars of Harbin Normal University(No.SYQ2014-06)。
文摘The construction of a livable environment for the elderly is an important measure to address the challenges of aging and improve their livelihood and well-being.Based on China’s national conditions and combined with the actual development needs of the cities,it is of great significance to explore the coupling and coordination characteristics and influencing factors within the livable environment system for the elderly for the coordination and stable development.This article was based on the three subsystems of’living service environment,socioeconomic environment and ecological livable environment’,following the research framework of’process-pattern-trend-impact’,constructs an evaluation index system for the livable environment for the elderly.Entropy weight-TOPSIS evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,center of gravity and standard deviation ellipse model and the geographic detector model were used starting from the evolution of coupling coordination types to study the spatial and temporal pattern and dynamic trend characteristics and influencing factors of internal coupling coordination types in the livable environment system for the elderly from2010 to 2019.The results showed that:1)The coordinated development of life service environment system and ecological livable environment system(LE)and socioeconomic environment system and ecological livable environment system(SE)in the livable environment for the elderly decreased from the intermediate coordination level coordination areas to the low-level quality improvement and optimization areas:coordinated transition type.The overall development level of life service environment system and socioeconomic environment system(LS)was low,and it was always at a low level.2)The coupling degree of livable environment system for the elderly was high,the coupling coordination type shown a gradually decreasing layer structure with Zhejiang,Beijing and Guangdong high-level leading demonstration areas as the axis belt.3)The coupling coordination center of the elderly livable environment system was located in Henan,and the standard deviation ellipse was distributed in the northeast-southwest direction.The development center and the ellipse of the high-level leading demonstration areas and the intermediate coordination level areas were concentrated in the central and eastern regions,while the low-level coordination areas for improving quality and efficiency are mainly located in the western region.4)Urban development,green facilities,infrastructure,government macroscopic regulation and control,economic stimulus,and housing construction were all important factors affecting the coordinated development of the livable environment system for the elderly,exerting a varying degree of effect on the level of coordinated development of various types of systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2017YFB0503602]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41830645,41625003,and 41771425]Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA19040402].
文摘Mixed use has been extensively applied as an urban planning principle and hinders the study of single urban functions.To address this problem,it is worth decomposing the mixed use.Inspired by the concept of spectral unmixing in remote sensing applications,this paper proposes a framework for mixed-use decomposition based on big geo-data.Mixeduse decomposition in terms of human activities differs from traditional land use research,and it is more reasonable to infer the actual urban function of land.The framework consists of four steps,namely temporal activity signature extraction,urban function base curve extraction,mixeduse decomposition,and result validation.First,the temporal activity signatures(TASs)of each zone are extracted as the proxy of human activity patterns.Second,the diurnal TASs of routine activities are extracted as urban function base curves(i.e.endmembers).Third,a linear decomposition model is used to decompose the mixed use and obtain multiple results(urban function composition,dynamic activity proportions,and the mixing index).Finally,result validation strategies are concluded.This framework offers method extensibility and has few requirements for the input data.It is validated by means of a case study of Beijing,based on a social media check-in dataset.
