In this paper,the oasis cities in Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture are taken as an example,through the factor analysis,spatial attraction interaction model and location quotient methods,urba...In this paper,the oasis cities in Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture are taken as an example,through the factor analysis,spatial attraction interaction model and location quotient methods,urban hierarchy system,the intensity of urban economic ties,economic subordination degree,and structure of city functions were analyzed. The results indicated:(1) The urban hierarchy system takes Kashgar city as the main center,Artux city,Yarkant county and Maralbexi county as the sub-centers; (2) The intensity of economic ties among Kashgar city and each county is much higher than others. The interaction of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county are the strongest,and the economic ties of Yarkant,Kagilik,Poskam counties are relatively close; All cities in the study area are economically subordinate to Kashgar city. (3) Three cities of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county should connect strongly,with Kashgar city as the core. The cities and towns along the Southern Xinjiang Railway and along National Road 315 should be regarded as two strips,and the two city strips along the border,and the city strip along Provincial Road 215 should be treated as three axes. The ring structure strategy of 'core ring,closer ring and radiated ring' was proposed. (4) It was proposed to build Kashgar city group in the north,and Yarkant city group in the south,Maralbexi city group in the southeast,and Taxkorgan border city group with four inner groups’ development strategy.展开更多
Research on human motion prediction has made significant progress due to its importance in the development of various artificial intelligence applications.However,effectively capturing spatio-temporal features for smo...Research on human motion prediction has made significant progress due to its importance in the development of various artificial intelligence applications.However,effectively capturing spatio-temporal features for smoother and more precise human motion prediction remains a challenge.To address these issues,a robust human motion prediction method via integration of spatial and temporal cues(RISTC)has been proposed.This method captures sufficient spatio-temporal correlation of the observable sequence of human poses by utilizing the spatio-temporal mixed feature extractor(MFE).In multi-layer MFEs,the channel-graph united attention blocks extract the augmented spatial features of the human poses in the channel and spatial dimension.Additionally,multi-scale temporal blocks have been designed to effectively capture complicated and highly dynamic temporal information.Our experiments on the Human3.6M and Carnegie Mellon University motion capture(CMU Mocap)datasets show that the proposed network yields higher prediction accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Urban underground public space has a synergistic effect with its surrounding urban aboveground functions or facilities,which reflects the complementarity between underground functions and urban functions.The research ...Urban underground public space has a synergistic effect with its surrounding urban aboveground functions or facilities,which reflects the complementarity between underground functions and urban functions.The research analyses the degree of integration through the case study of urban aboveground space and underground space in China.The research method of this paper will give different evaluation criteria to public transport and public space and the influencing factors of space integration.The indicators of public transport include the number of subway lines and underground parking spaces.The evaluation standard of public space is the area of underground space and the number of floors of underground space.The subway entrance and exits are selected as the evaluation index for the aboveground and underground transition space.Through the specific analysis of 7 selected cases,it provides arguments for the research.The average rent in the case is taken as the dependent variable.Through the regression model,the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground and underground space are determined.The purpose of the study is to explore the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground space and underground space,and how to optimize the integration of aboveground and underground space.展开更多
Urban planning often faces issues of spatial separation between blue and green spaces,as well as the lack of integration in slow traffic networks.The development and shaping of urban slow,blue,and green spaces often p...Urban planning often faces issues of spatial separation between blue and green spaces,as well as the lack of integration in slow traffic networks.The development and shaping of urban slow,blue,and green spaces often proceed along separate paths.However,building an ecological and livable city requires the integrated development of slow,blue,and green spaces.Taking the central urban area of Wuhan as a case study,this research uses ArcGIS visualization,walking accessibility analysis,and landscape pattern index analysis methods.By overlapping slow traffic spaces with blue and green spaces,the study explores the distribution of slow,blue,and green spaces and the integration characteristics of slow+blue-green spaces,categorizing them based on walking time and spatial aggregation.The results show:1)In the central urban area of Wuhan,blue spaces are predominant in the Yangtze River basin,the Han River-Sha Lake-East Lake-South Lake,Yangchun Lake-East Lake-South Lake-Yezhi Lake,and Longyang Lake-Moshui Lake directions,with clear dominant patches,while other areas show average performance;2)Green spaces have good patch dominance and connectivity along the Qingshan Park-East Lake Greenway-Moshan-Ma anshan Forest Park;3)The integration of blue and green spaces is best along the Yangtze River,East Lake,and South Lake;4)Areas such as Sha Lake Park in Wuchang District,East Lake Scenic Area in Hongshan District,the South Lake-Yezhi Lake corridor,Moshui Lake and Longyang Lake in Hanyang District,and the northern and southern parts of the Yangtze River are characterized by better integration of slow blue-green spaces.Through the overlay analysis of walking accessibility and landscape pattern indices of blue-green spaces,the study significantly reflects the integration characteristics of slow blue-green spaces in Wuhan s central urban area.This research aims to provide references for the planning and design of urban slow blue-green spaces and the construction of livable and ecological cities,offering practical guidance for creating a healthy urban ecological living environment and for urban ecosystem restoration and management.展开更多
In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and d...In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and develop web-based GIS systems based on SOA-SDI, allowing client applications to pull in, analyze and present spatial data from those available spatial data sources. The proposed architecture logically includes 4 layers or components; they are layer of multiple data provider services, layer of data in-tegration, layer of backend services, and front-end graphical user interface (GUI) for spatial data presentation. On the basis of the 4-layered SOA-SDI framework, WebGIS applications can be quickly deployed, which proves that SOA-SDI has the potential to reduce the input of software development and shorten the development period.展开更多
In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical v...In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical vector-raster integrative full feature model was put forward by integrating the advantage of vector and raster model and using the object-oriented method. The data structures of the four basic features, i.e. point, line, surface and solid, were described. An application was analyzed and described, and the characteristics of this model were described. In this model, all objects in the real world are divided into and described as features with hierarchy, and all the data are organized in vector. This model can describe data based on feature, field, network and other models, and avoid the disadvantage of inability to integrate data based on different models and perform spatial analysis on them in spatial information integration.展开更多
Prior to 2012,the integration of designed vertical or horizontal curves into microtunnel alignments was unheard of in Ontario.Straight and relatively short microtunnels,less than 200m long,were the local accepted indu...Prior to 2012,the integration of designed vertical or horizontal curves into microtunnel alignments was unheard of in Ontario.Straight and relatively short microtunnels,less than 200m long,were the local accepted industry standard.Following the release of a large number of infrastructure projects in the suburban Greater Toronto Area(GTA),clients and design consultants encouraged contractors to present value engineered alternatives to proposed project alignments and construction methods.Such an initiative has allowed contractors to develop cost effective solutions,which harnessed the application of state-of-the-art microtunnelling methods and equipment.As a result,several recent projects now feature pre-designed curved microtunnels as part of the tender documents.This paper discusses,in technical detail,three recent projects,whereby,long distance curved microtunnels were successfully constructed.Each of the projects had tunnel drives exceeding 300m in length,ranging in diameter from 1200mm ID to 1500mm ID,incorporating the use of Vertical,Horizontal,and Spatial Curves.Critical parameters such as pre-project planning and engineering are highlighted,while the importance of post-tunnelling assessments is also discussed.展开更多
Different objects in Chinese paintings contain rich cultural connotations. Segmenting and extracting different objects in Chinese paintings through technical methods is an effective way to enhance cultural added value...Different objects in Chinese paintings contain rich cultural connotations. Segmenting and extracting different objects in Chinese paintings through technical methods is an effective way to enhance cultural added value and activate cultural resources.Although the existing deep learning methods can extract multi-level features for instance segmentation, the location relationship features of instances are not fully utilized, resulting in poor segmentation results for the traditional Chinese painting(TCP) instance segmentation. In this paper, a novel TCP image instance segmentation algorithm based on the integration of spatial structure characteristics(SSC) was proposed, and is called SSC-Net. Firstly, considering the characteristics of TCP images, such as the gradual color blending and discontinuous contour lines, an instance information entropy composed of color entropy, formed by regional variance, and contour entropy, formed by contour point regression is proposed. Then, aiming at the problem that the existing network structure is difficult to fully consider the location relationship features of instances in TCP images, based on the residual neural network(ResNet) structure, a Chinese painting instance segmentation network framework composed of mask branch and position branch that can integrate spatial structure features is proposed. Finally, the color entropy and contour entropy are input into the mask branch and position branch of the SSC-Net structure respectively, so as to realize the instance segmentation of TCP. The quantitative and qualitative experiments on the challenging TCP database show that, compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms in the same category, the SSC-Net achieves good experimental results with average precision(AP) of 53.89% and 25.8 frame per second(FPS). The segmentation results meet the practical application requirements.展开更多
Spatial photonic Ising machines,as emerging artificial intelligence hardware solutions by leveraging unique physical phenomena,have shown promising results in solving large-scale combinatorial problems.However,spatial...Spatial photonic Ising machines,as emerging artificial intelligence hardware solutions by leveraging unique physical phenomena,have shown promising results in solving large-scale combinatorial problems.However,spatial light modulator enabled Ising machines still remain bulky,are very power demanding,and have poor stability.In this study,we propose an integrated XY Ising sampler based on a highly uniform multimode interferometer and a phase shifter array,enabling the minimization of both discrete and continuous spin Hamiltonians.We elucidate the performance of this computing platform in achieving fully programmable spin couplings and external magnetic fields.Additionally,we successfully demonstrate the weighted full-rank Ising model with a linear dependence of 0.82 and weighted MaxCut problem solving with the proposed sampler.Our results illustrate that the developed structure has significant potential for larger-scale,reduced power consumption and increased operational speed,positioning it as a versatile platform for commercially viable high-performance samplers of combinatorial optimization problems.展开更多
Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work...Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an improved bottom-up spatial-integration system, relevant to CO2 emissions at factory level, to allow a more accurate estimation of the CO2 emissions from cement production. Based on this system, the sampling data of cement production lines were integrated as regional- and national-level information. The integration results showed that each ton of clinker produced 883 kg CO2, of which the process, fuel, and electricity emissions accounted for 58.70%, 35.97%, and 5.33%, respectively. The volume of CO2 emissions from clinker and cement production reached 1202 Mt and 1284 Mt, respectively, in 2013. A discrepancy was identified between the clinker emission factors relevant to the two main production processes （i.e., the new suspension preheating and pre-calcining kiln （NSP） and the vertical shaft kiln （VSK））, probably relevant to the energy efficiency of the two technologies. An analysis of the spatial characteristics indi- cated that the spatial distribution of the clinker emission factors mainly corresponded to that of the NSP process. The discrepancy of spatial pattern largely complied with the economic and population distribution pattern of China. The study could fill the knowledge gaps and provide role players with a useful spatial integration system that should facilitate the accurate estimation of carbon and corresponding regional mitigation strategies in China.展开更多
This paper presents a comparative visualization strategy of slope failure susceptibility maps for analyzing different types of simultaneous occurrences of slope failures. Through the SEM （structural equation modeling...This paper presents a comparative visualization strategy of slope failure susceptibility maps for analyzing different types of simultaneous occurrences of slope failures. Through the SEM （structural equation modeling）, slope failure susceptibility maps are produced by using causal factors （i.e., geographical information, satellite remotely sensed data）. As for a conventional pair-wise comparative procedure, the differences between susceptibility maps are delineated on difference maps, that can be, however, applied for evaluating differences only between pairs of susceptibility maps. One of the strong requirements from specialists working on slope stability evaluation is a comparative and visualization strategy of susceptibility maps with respect to ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂, for which the discussion is insufficient in the previous research activities for constructing the quantitative models for slope failure hazard mapping. As a measure, a color composite map based on susceptibility maps has been produced. The combination of assigning susceptibility maps to RGB-color planes is determined based on an index of ＂NCCT （normalized correlated color temperature）＂ which represents the relationship between chromaticity and human visual perception. Through the cases examined, the result indicates that the proposed color composite map, as a heuristic visualization strategy, is useful for simultaneously evaluating the hazardous areas affected by ＂different types of slope failures＂.展开更多
This paper presents an procedure for purifying training data sets （i.e., past occurrences of slope failures） for inverse estimation on unobserved trigger factors of ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂...This paper presents an procedure for purifying training data sets （i.e., past occurrences of slope failures） for inverse estimation on unobserved trigger factors of ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂. Due to difficulties in pixel-by-pixel observations of trigger factors, as one of the measures, the authors had proposed an inverse analysis algorithm on trigger factors based on SEM （structural equation modeling）. Through a measurement equation, the trigger factor is inversely estimated, and a TFI （trigger factor influence） map can be also produced. As a subsequence subject, a purification procedure of training data set should be constructed to improve the accuracy of TFI map which depends on the representativeness of given training data sets of different types of slope failures. The proposed procedure resamples the matched pixels between original groups of past slope failures （i.e., surface slope failures, deep-seated slope failures, landslides） and classified three groups by K-means clustering for all pixels corresponding to those slope failures. For all cases of three types of slope failures, the improvement of success rates with respect to resampled training data sets was confirmed. As a final outcome, the differences between TFI maps produced by using original and resampled training data sets, respectively, are delineated on a DIF map （difference map） which is useful for analyzing trigger factor influence in terms of ＂risky- and safe-side assessment＂ sub-areas with respect to ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂.展开更多
The present study is to deal with the strategic planning in avoidance of all catastrophic consequences of major flood in West Attica region in 2017 and is divided into three main sections.The first one comprises the s...The present study is to deal with the strategic planning in avoidance of all catastrophic consequences of major flood in West Attica region in 2017 and is divided into three main sections.The first one comprises the study of the internal and external environment of the Regional Unit of West Attica with analysis of resources,procedures,culture that governs the internal environment,external bodies and mapping through PESTEL(Political,Economic,Socio-Cultural and Technological)analysis as components of the external environment.The second section comprises the vision and mission of this strategic plan and specializes in reporting and analyzing the strategic objectives as well as the actions that characterize them in order to complete the mission that has been set and to achieve the vision that has been planned.The last section focuses on the feasibility of the above proposals formulated in the midst of actions and strategic objectives with the help of SWOT(Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,and Threat)analysis and concludes with a proposal for the implementation of strategic planning with the implementation of the Integrated Spatial Investment tool.展开更多
Spatial online analytical processing(OLAP)and spatial data warehouse(SDW)systems are geo-business intelligence technologies that enable the analysis of huge volumes of geographic data.In the last decade,the conceptual...Spatial online analytical processing(OLAP)and spatial data warehouse(SDW)systems are geo-business intelligence technologies that enable the analysis of huge volumes of geographic data.In the last decade,the conceptual design and implementation of SDWs that integrate spatial data,which are represented using the vector model,have been extensively investigated.However,the integration of field data(a continuous representation of spatial data)in SDWs is a recent unresolved research issue.Enhancing SDWs with field data improves the spatio-multidimensional analysis capabilities with continuity and multiresolutions.Motivated by the need for a conceptual design tool and relational online analytical processing(ROLAP)implementation,we propose a UML profile for SDWs that integrates a regular grid of points and supports continuity and multiresolutions.We also propose an efficient implementation of a ROLAP architecture.展开更多
With growing pressures on marine ecosystems and on marine space,an increasingly needed strategy to optimise the use of marine space is to co-locate synergic marine human uses in close spatial–temporal proximity while...With growing pressures on marine ecosystems and on marine space,an increasingly needed strategy to optimise the use of marine space is to co-locate synergic marine human uses in close spatial–temporal proximity while separating conflicting marine human uses.The ArcMap toolbox SEANERGY is a new,cross-sectoral spatial decision support tool(DST)that enables maritime spatial planners to consider synergies and conflicts between marine uses to support assessments of co-location options.Cross-sectoral approaches are important to reach more integrative maritime spatial planning(MSP)processes.As this article demonstrates through a Baltic Sea analysis,SEANERGY presents a crosssectoral use catalogue for MSP through enabling the tool users to answer important specific questions to spatially and/or numerically weight potential synergies/conflicts between marine uses.The article discusses to what degree such a cross-sectoral perspective can support integrative MSP processes.While MSP integrative challenges still exist,SEANERGY enables MSP processes to move towards developing shared goals and initiate discussions built on best available knowledge regarding potential use-use synergies and use-use conflicts for whole sea basins at once.展开更多
We propose a novel method of slice image reconstruction with controllable spatial filtering by using the correlation of periodic delta-function arrays （PDFAs） with elemental images in computational integral imaging....We propose a novel method of slice image reconstruction with controllable spatial filtering by using the correlation of periodic delta-function arrays （PDFAs） with elemental images in computational integral imaging. The multiple PDFAs, whose spatial periods correspond to object＇s depths with the elemental image array （EIA）, can generate a set of spatially filtered EIAs for multiple object depths compared with the conventional method for the depth of a single object. We analyze a controllable spatial filtering effect by the proposed method. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we carry out preliminary experiments for multiple objects and present the results.展开更多
Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellula...Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellular and niche events at the precancerous tipping point of early gastric cancer(EGC),we aimed to develop more precise screening tools and design targeted interventions to prevent malignant transformation at this stage.We utilized our AI models to integrate spatial multimodal data from nine EGC endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)samples(covering sequential stages from normal to cancer),construct a spatial-temporal profile of disease progression,and identify a critical tipping point(PMC_P)characterized by an immune-suppressive microenvironment during early cancer development.At this stage,inflammatory pit mucous cells with stemness(PMC_2)interact with fibroblasts via NAMPT→ITGA5/ITGB1 and with macrophages via AREG→EGFR/ERBB2 signaling,fostering cancer initiation.We established gastric precancerous cell lines and organoids to demonstrate that NAMPT and AREG promote cellular proliferation in vitro.Furthermore,in the transgenic CEA-SV40 mouse model,targeting AREG and/or NAMPT disrupted key cell interactions,inhibited the JAK-STAT,MAPK,and NFκB pathways,and reduced PD-L1 expression,which was also confirmed by western blot in vitro.These interventions delayed disease progression,reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment,and prevented malignant transformation.Clinical validation was conducted using endoscopically resected EGC specimens.Our study provides a precise spatiotemporal depiction of EGC development and identifies novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for early intervention.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40901092)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-321)
文摘In this paper,the oasis cities in Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture are taken as an example,through the factor analysis,spatial attraction interaction model and location quotient methods,urban hierarchy system,the intensity of urban economic ties,economic subordination degree,and structure of city functions were analyzed. The results indicated:(1) The urban hierarchy system takes Kashgar city as the main center,Artux city,Yarkant county and Maralbexi county as the sub-centers; (2) The intensity of economic ties among Kashgar city and each county is much higher than others. The interaction of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county are the strongest,and the economic ties of Yarkant,Kagilik,Poskam counties are relatively close; All cities in the study area are economically subordinate to Kashgar city. (3) Three cities of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county should connect strongly,with Kashgar city as the core. The cities and towns along the Southern Xinjiang Railway and along National Road 315 should be regarded as two strips,and the two city strips along the border,and the city strip along Provincial Road 215 should be treated as three axes. The ring structure strategy of 'core ring,closer ring and radiated ring' was proposed. (4) It was proposed to build Kashgar city group in the north,and Yarkant city group in the south,Maralbexi city group in the southeast,and Taxkorgan border city group with four inner groups’ development strategy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1305200)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LGG21F030011)。
文摘Research on human motion prediction has made significant progress due to its importance in the development of various artificial intelligence applications.However,effectively capturing spatio-temporal features for smoother and more precise human motion prediction remains a challenge.To address these issues,a robust human motion prediction method via integration of spatial and temporal cues(RISTC)has been proposed.This method captures sufficient spatio-temporal correlation of the observable sequence of human poses by utilizing the spatio-temporal mixed feature extractor(MFE).In multi-layer MFEs,the channel-graph united attention blocks extract the augmented spatial features of the human poses in the channel and spatial dimension.Additionally,multi-scale temporal blocks have been designed to effectively capture complicated and highly dynamic temporal information.Our experiments on the Human3.6M and Carnegie Mellon University motion capture(CMU Mocap)datasets show that the proposed network yields higher prediction accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods.
文摘Urban underground public space has a synergistic effect with its surrounding urban aboveground functions or facilities,which reflects the complementarity between underground functions and urban functions.The research analyses the degree of integration through the case study of urban aboveground space and underground space in China.The research method of this paper will give different evaluation criteria to public transport and public space and the influencing factors of space integration.The indicators of public transport include the number of subway lines and underground parking spaces.The evaluation standard of public space is the area of underground space and the number of floors of underground space.The subway entrance and exits are selected as the evaluation index for the aboveground and underground transition space.Through the specific analysis of 7 selected cases,it provides arguments for the research.The average rent in the case is taken as the dependent variable.Through the regression model,the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground and underground space are determined.The purpose of the study is to explore the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground space and underground space,and how to optimize the integration of aboveground and underground space.
文摘Urban planning often faces issues of spatial separation between blue and green spaces,as well as the lack of integration in slow traffic networks.The development and shaping of urban slow,blue,and green spaces often proceed along separate paths.However,building an ecological and livable city requires the integrated development of slow,blue,and green spaces.Taking the central urban area of Wuhan as a case study,this research uses ArcGIS visualization,walking accessibility analysis,and landscape pattern index analysis methods.By overlapping slow traffic spaces with blue and green spaces,the study explores the distribution of slow,blue,and green spaces and the integration characteristics of slow+blue-green spaces,categorizing them based on walking time and spatial aggregation.The results show:1)In the central urban area of Wuhan,blue spaces are predominant in the Yangtze River basin,the Han River-Sha Lake-East Lake-South Lake,Yangchun Lake-East Lake-South Lake-Yezhi Lake,and Longyang Lake-Moshui Lake directions,with clear dominant patches,while other areas show average performance;2)Green spaces have good patch dominance and connectivity along the Qingshan Park-East Lake Greenway-Moshan-Ma anshan Forest Park;3)The integration of blue and green spaces is best along the Yangtze River,East Lake,and South Lake;4)Areas such as Sha Lake Park in Wuchang District,East Lake Scenic Area in Hongshan District,the South Lake-Yezhi Lake corridor,Moshui Lake and Longyang Lake in Hanyang District,and the northern and southern parts of the Yangtze River are characterized by better integration of slow blue-green spaces.Through the overlay analysis of walking accessibility and landscape pattern indices of blue-green spaces,the study significantly reflects the integration characteristics of slow blue-green spaces in Wuhan s central urban area.This research aims to provide references for the planning and design of urban slow blue-green spaces and the construction of livable and ecological cities,offering practical guidance for creating a healthy urban ecological living environment and for urban ecosystem restoration and management.
基金Supported by the Research Fund of Key GIS Lab of the Education Ministry (No. 200610)
文摘In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and develop web-based GIS systems based on SOA-SDI, allowing client applications to pull in, analyze and present spatial data from those available spatial data sources. The proposed architecture logically includes 4 layers or components; they are layer of multiple data provider services, layer of data in-tegration, layer of backend services, and front-end graphical user interface (GUI) for spatial data presentation. On the basis of the 4-layered SOA-SDI framework, WebGIS applications can be quickly deployed, which proves that SOA-SDI has the potential to reduce the input of software development and shorten the development period.
基金Project (40473029) supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China project (04JJ3046) supported bytheNatural Science Foundation of Hunan Province , China
文摘In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical vector-raster integrative full feature model was put forward by integrating the advantage of vector and raster model and using the object-oriented method. The data structures of the four basic features, i.e. point, line, surface and solid, were described. An application was analyzed and described, and the characteristics of this model were described. In this model, all objects in the real world are divided into and described as features with hierarchy, and all the data are organized in vector. This model can describe data based on feature, field, network and other models, and avoid the disadvantage of inability to integrate data based on different models and perform spatial analysis on them in spatial information integration.
文摘Prior to 2012,the integration of designed vertical or horizontal curves into microtunnel alignments was unheard of in Ontario.Straight and relatively short microtunnels,less than 200m long,were the local accepted industry standard.Following the release of a large number of infrastructure projects in the suburban Greater Toronto Area(GTA),clients and design consultants encouraged contractors to present value engineered alternatives to proposed project alignments and construction methods.Such an initiative has allowed contractors to develop cost effective solutions,which harnessed the application of state-of-the-art microtunnelling methods and equipment.As a result,several recent projects now feature pre-designed curved microtunnels as part of the tender documents.This paper discusses,in technical detail,three recent projects,whereby,long distance curved microtunnels were successfully constructed.Each of the projects had tunnel drives exceeding 300m in length,ranging in diameter from 1200mm ID to 1500mm ID,incorporating the use of Vertical,Horizontal,and Spatial Curves.Critical parameters such as pre-project planning and engineering are highlighted,while the importance of post-tunnelling assessments is also discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF0901700)。
文摘Different objects in Chinese paintings contain rich cultural connotations. Segmenting and extracting different objects in Chinese paintings through technical methods is an effective way to enhance cultural added value and activate cultural resources.Although the existing deep learning methods can extract multi-level features for instance segmentation, the location relationship features of instances are not fully utilized, resulting in poor segmentation results for the traditional Chinese painting(TCP) instance segmentation. In this paper, a novel TCP image instance segmentation algorithm based on the integration of spatial structure characteristics(SSC) was proposed, and is called SSC-Net. Firstly, considering the characteristics of TCP images, such as the gradual color blending and discontinuous contour lines, an instance information entropy composed of color entropy, formed by regional variance, and contour entropy, formed by contour point regression is proposed. Then, aiming at the problem that the existing network structure is difficult to fully consider the location relationship features of instances in TCP images, based on the residual neural network(ResNet) structure, a Chinese painting instance segmentation network framework composed of mask branch and position branch that can integrate spatial structure features is proposed. Finally, the color entropy and contour entropy are input into the mask branch and position branch of the SSC-Net structure respectively, so as to realize the instance segmentation of TCP. The quantitative and qualitative experiments on the challenging TCP database show that, compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms in the same category, the SSC-Net achieves good experimental results with average precision(AP) of 53.89% and 25.8 frame per second(FPS). The segmentation results meet the practical application requirements.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175146,62235011)。
文摘Spatial photonic Ising machines,as emerging artificial intelligence hardware solutions by leveraging unique physical phenomena,have shown promising results in solving large-scale combinatorial problems.However,spatial light modulator enabled Ising machines still remain bulky,are very power demanding,and have poor stability.In this study,we propose an integrated XY Ising sampler based on a highly uniform multimode interferometer and a phase shifter array,enabling the minimization of both discrete and continuous spin Hamiltonians.We elucidate the performance of this computing platform in achieving fully programmable spin couplings and external magnetic fields.Additionally,we successfully demonstrate the weighted full-rank Ising model with a linear dependence of 0.82 and weighted MaxCut problem solving with the proposed sampler.Our results illustrate that the developed structure has significant potential for larger-scale,reduced power consumption and increased operational speed,positioning it as a versatile platform for commercially viable high-performance samplers of combinatorial optimization problems.
基金Strategic Priority Research Programs-Climate Change： Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No.XDA 05010400, No.XDA 05010205 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.4117111Acknowledgements We thank Dr LIU Tiejun, Dr XU Chengdong, Dr GAO Tianming and Dr ZHONG Shuai for their great support during data calculation process, and thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
文摘Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an improved bottom-up spatial-integration system, relevant to CO2 emissions at factory level, to allow a more accurate estimation of the CO2 emissions from cement production. Based on this system, the sampling data of cement production lines were integrated as regional- and national-level information. The integration results showed that each ton of clinker produced 883 kg CO2, of which the process, fuel, and electricity emissions accounted for 58.70%, 35.97%, and 5.33%, respectively. The volume of CO2 emissions from clinker and cement production reached 1202 Mt and 1284 Mt, respectively, in 2013. A discrepancy was identified between the clinker emission factors relevant to the two main production processes （i.e., the new suspension preheating and pre-calcining kiln （NSP） and the vertical shaft kiln （VSK））, probably relevant to the energy efficiency of the two technologies. An analysis of the spatial characteristics indi- cated that the spatial distribution of the clinker emission factors mainly corresponded to that of the NSP process. The discrepancy of spatial pattern largely complied with the economic and population distribution pattern of China. The study could fill the knowledge gaps and provide role players with a useful spatial integration system that should facilitate the accurate estimation of carbon and corresponding regional mitigation strategies in China.
文摘This paper presents a comparative visualization strategy of slope failure susceptibility maps for analyzing different types of simultaneous occurrences of slope failures. Through the SEM （structural equation modeling）, slope failure susceptibility maps are produced by using causal factors （i.e., geographical information, satellite remotely sensed data）. As for a conventional pair-wise comparative procedure, the differences between susceptibility maps are delineated on difference maps, that can be, however, applied for evaluating differences only between pairs of susceptibility maps. One of the strong requirements from specialists working on slope stability evaluation is a comparative and visualization strategy of susceptibility maps with respect to ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂, for which the discussion is insufficient in the previous research activities for constructing the quantitative models for slope failure hazard mapping. As a measure, a color composite map based on susceptibility maps has been produced. The combination of assigning susceptibility maps to RGB-color planes is determined based on an index of ＂NCCT （normalized correlated color temperature）＂ which represents the relationship between chromaticity and human visual perception. Through the cases examined, the result indicates that the proposed color composite map, as a heuristic visualization strategy, is useful for simultaneously evaluating the hazardous areas affected by ＂different types of slope failures＂.
文摘This paper presents an procedure for purifying training data sets （i.e., past occurrences of slope failures） for inverse estimation on unobserved trigger factors of ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂. Due to difficulties in pixel-by-pixel observations of trigger factors, as one of the measures, the authors had proposed an inverse analysis algorithm on trigger factors based on SEM （structural equation modeling）. Through a measurement equation, the trigger factor is inversely estimated, and a TFI （trigger factor influence） map can be also produced. As a subsequence subject, a purification procedure of training data set should be constructed to improve the accuracy of TFI map which depends on the representativeness of given training data sets of different types of slope failures. The proposed procedure resamples the matched pixels between original groups of past slope failures （i.e., surface slope failures, deep-seated slope failures, landslides） and classified three groups by K-means clustering for all pixels corresponding to those slope failures. For all cases of three types of slope failures, the improvement of success rates with respect to resampled training data sets was confirmed. As a final outcome, the differences between TFI maps produced by using original and resampled training data sets, respectively, are delineated on a DIF map （difference map） which is useful for analyzing trigger factor influence in terms of ＂risky- and safe-side assessment＂ sub-areas with respect to ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂.
文摘The present study is to deal with the strategic planning in avoidance of all catastrophic consequences of major flood in West Attica region in 2017 and is divided into three main sections.The first one comprises the study of the internal and external environment of the Regional Unit of West Attica with analysis of resources,procedures,culture that governs the internal environment,external bodies and mapping through PESTEL(Political,Economic,Socio-Cultural and Technological)analysis as components of the external environment.The second section comprises the vision and mission of this strategic plan and specializes in reporting and analyzing the strategic objectives as well as the actions that characterize them in order to complete the mission that has been set and to achieve the vision that has been planned.The last section focuses on the feasibility of the above proposals formulated in the midst of actions and strategic objectives with the help of SWOT(Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,and Threat)analysis and concludes with a proposal for the implementation of strategic planning with the implementation of the Integrated Spatial Investment tool.
文摘Spatial online analytical processing(OLAP)and spatial data warehouse(SDW)systems are geo-business intelligence technologies that enable the analysis of huge volumes of geographic data.In the last decade,the conceptual design and implementation of SDWs that integrate spatial data,which are represented using the vector model,have been extensively investigated.However,the integration of field data(a continuous representation of spatial data)in SDWs is a recent unresolved research issue.Enhancing SDWs with field data improves the spatio-multidimensional analysis capabilities with continuity and multiresolutions.Motivated by the need for a conceptual design tool and relational online analytical processing(ROLAP)implementation,we propose a UML profile for SDWs that integrates a regular grid of points and supports continuity and multiresolutions.We also propose an efficient implementation of a ROLAP architecture.
基金supported by BONUS EEIG:[grant number 2017-06-19].
文摘With growing pressures on marine ecosystems and on marine space,an increasingly needed strategy to optimise the use of marine space is to co-locate synergic marine human uses in close spatial–temporal proximity while separating conflicting marine human uses.The ArcMap toolbox SEANERGY is a new,cross-sectoral spatial decision support tool(DST)that enables maritime spatial planners to consider synergies and conflicts between marine uses to support assessments of co-location options.Cross-sectoral approaches are important to reach more integrative maritime spatial planning(MSP)processes.As this article demonstrates through a Baltic Sea analysis,SEANERGY presents a crosssectoral use catalogue for MSP through enabling the tool users to answer important specific questions to spatially and/or numerically weight potential synergies/conflicts between marine uses.The article discusses to what degree such a cross-sectoral perspective can support integrative MSP processes.While MSP integrative challenges still exist,SEANERGY enables MSP processes to move towards developing shared goals and initiate discussions built on best available knowledge regarding potential use-use synergies and use-use conflicts for whole sea basins at once.
基金supported by the information technology(IT)research and development program of MKE/KEIT(10041682Development of High-Definition 3D Image Processing Technologies Using Advanced Integral Imaging with Improved Depth Range)
文摘We propose a novel method of slice image reconstruction with controllable spatial filtering by using the correlation of periodic delta-function arrays （PDFAs） with elemental images in computational integral imaging. The multiple PDFAs, whose spatial periods correspond to object＇s depths with the elemental image array （EIA）, can generate a set of spatially filtered EIAs for multiple object depths compared with the conventional method for the depth of a single object. We analyze a controllable spatial filtering effect by the proposed method. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we carry out preliminary experiments for multiple objects and present the results.
基金supported by Shanghai Oriental Talent Youth Program(QNKJ2024006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170555,32300523,32570769,and 62132015)+1 种基金Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1422400)Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(22SG06).
文摘Understanding the cellular origins and early evolutionary dynamics that drive the initiation of carcinogenesis is critical to advancing early detection and prevention strategies.By characterizing key molecular,cellular and niche events at the precancerous tipping point of early gastric cancer(EGC),we aimed to develop more precise screening tools and design targeted interventions to prevent malignant transformation at this stage.We utilized our AI models to integrate spatial multimodal data from nine EGC endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)samples(covering sequential stages from normal to cancer),construct a spatial-temporal profile of disease progression,and identify a critical tipping point(PMC_P)characterized by an immune-suppressive microenvironment during early cancer development.At this stage,inflammatory pit mucous cells with stemness(PMC_2)interact with fibroblasts via NAMPT→ITGA5/ITGB1 and with macrophages via AREG→EGFR/ERBB2 signaling,fostering cancer initiation.We established gastric precancerous cell lines and organoids to demonstrate that NAMPT and AREG promote cellular proliferation in vitro.Furthermore,in the transgenic CEA-SV40 mouse model,targeting AREG and/or NAMPT disrupted key cell interactions,inhibited the JAK-STAT,MAPK,and NFκB pathways,and reduced PD-L1 expression,which was also confirmed by western blot in vitro.These interventions delayed disease progression,reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment,and prevented malignant transformation.Clinical validation was conducted using endoscopically resected EGC specimens.Our study provides a precise spatiotemporal depiction of EGC development and identifies novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for early intervention.
