Exploring the effective and efficient path of agricultural carbon emission reduction in Henan Province is of great significance to optimizing the strategic layout of China's agricultural emission reduction and car...Exploring the effective and efficient path of agricultural carbon emission reduction in Henan Province is of great significance to optimizing the strategic layout of China's agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration.Accordingly,the agricultural carbon emissions of each county were measured scientifically and then the spatial measurement model was utilized to clarify the spatial and temporal evolution trend and spatial effect mechanism of agricultural carbon emissions based on the county data of Henan Province from 2010 to 2020.The results showed that:(1)in 2020,the total agricultural carbon emissions were 134.7274 million tons,with the high distribution in the southeast and low distribution in the northwest;(2)the spatial dependence of agricultural carbon emissions showed a four-stage trend of fluctuating down-continuing up-plummeting-fluctuating up again,and the spatial heterogeneity was dominated by low-low agglomeration,followed by high-low agglomeration;(3)there was an inverted U curve relationship between the level of agricultural economic development and agricultural carbon emissions.The increase in the level of agricultural mechanization and urbanization rate significantly reduced agricultural carbon emissions.The opposite was true for the financial support for agriculture,the income level of rural residents and the structure of the agricultural industry;(4)in terms of spatial spillover effects,the increase in the level of agricultural development in neighbor counties first increased and then decreased agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province.The mechanization level and urbanization rate of neighbor counties reduced agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province,and the opposite was true for the income level of rural residents and the scale utilization of agricultural land.展开更多
The development of digital villages and the expansion of farmers’consumption are important measures for expanding domestic demand and enhancing rural productive forces.Based on provincial panel data from China spanni...The development of digital villages and the expansion of farmers’consumption are important measures for expanding domestic demand and enhancing rural productive forces.Based on provincial panel data from China spanning 2010 to 2022,this paper establishes an evaluation indicator system for the development of digital villages,and empirically examines the impact of the development of digital villages on farmers’consumption growth,as well as its mechanisms,and spatial spillover effects.The results indicate that digital village development significantly promotes growth in the consumption of farmers,with the effects being more pronounced in the central and western regions.Mechanism analysis reveals that digital village development has a significant income-increasing effect and it improves the convenience of payments,both of which serve as important channels for promoting farmers’consumption growth.Further analysis demonstrates the significant spatial spillover effects of digital village development on farmers’consumption growth.Specifically,farmers’consumption growth is not only directly influenced by local digital village development and the demonstration effect of consumption growth in neighboring regions,but it is also indirectly influenced by the digital village development of nearby areas.Therefore,the promotion of digital village development,tailored to local conditions,the broadening of channels for increasing farmers’income,the strengthening of digital inclusive finance,and the rational leveraging of the spatial spillover effects of digital village development can further unleash the potential of farmers’consumption.展开更多
In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 20...In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.展开更多
Based on the multi-regional input-output analysis, this paper improves the four traditional input-output formulas about exports resulting in multi-regional carbon emissions spatial effects which include direct effect,...Based on the multi-regional input-output analysis, this paper improves the four traditional input-output formulas about exports resulting in multi-regional carbon emissions spatial effects which include direct effect, indirect effect, spillover effect and feedback effect. And the latter two formulas are to measure the bidirectional influences of carbon emissions induced by regional exports between two regions. The results suggest that the direct effects of Chinese eight regions induced by national exports decreased from 1997 to 2010, and the indirect effects induced by national exports also decreased except the northern coastal region and the northwestern region in China. During this period, most of Chinese coastal regions had strong spillover effects induced by their own exports. The northern coastal region and the eastern coastal region had stronger feedback effects, while the southern coastal region had weaker feedback effects and Beijing-Tianjin region had the weakest feedback effect induced by their exports. All of the inland regions had strong feedback effects, especially for Northwest and Central China, induced by their exports. More attention should be paid to the inter-regional joint efforts in order to effectively achieve Chinese national carbon-reduction target.展开更多
As a new kind of technology in retaining structures, the characteristics of double-row piles are significantly affected by spatial effects. In this paper, double-row piles as a retaining structure are simulated numeri...As a new kind of technology in retaining structures, the characteristics of double-row piles are significantly affected by spatial effects. In this paper, double-row piles as a retaining structure are simulated numerically in three-dimension by finite element software PLAXIS 3D FOUNDATION. The behavior differences of piles in different positions around the foundation pit are analyzed. By changing the parameters, including the length-width ratio, the excavation depth, the distance between rows and the diameter of piles, the variations of the lateral deformation, the bending moment and the earth pressure around the piles are determined. The reasonable values of parameters and some suggestions with consideration of earth pressure are proposed for the design of double-row piles as a retaining structure. The results show that the lateral deformation and bending moment are the largest in the middle of long side of the foundation pit, which is identified as the most unfavorable position. It is indicated that the earth pressure between rows above pit bottom is close to active earth pressure, while the earth pressure between rows under pit bottom is close to static earth pressure. It is suggested that 1/2-2/3 of pile length, 0.6-1.2 m, 3d-6d, and 2d-2.5d be chosen as embedded depth of piles, diameter of piles, distance between rows, and distance between piles, respectively, where d is the pile diameter.展开更多
Based on two dimensions of supply and demand,we use six indicators to establish a rural inclusive financial development index and evaluate the development of China's rural inclusive finance. We use spatial panel d...Based on two dimensions of supply and demand,we use six indicators to establish a rural inclusive financial development index and evaluate the development of China's rural inclusive finance. We use spatial panel data model to examine the relationship between financial inclusion and rural poverty. Results show that:( i) both the rural inclusive finance and rural residents' per capita consumption present spatial clustering feature and show significant spatial correlation;( ii) the development of rural inclusive finance has significant spatial effect on poverty alleviation along time and space dimensions. In this study,the paper puts forward policy recommendations on strengthening the rural financial resources flow and constructing diversified rural inclusive financial system.展开更多
Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to...Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.展开更多
To explore the influence of substituent groups on thermally induced curing,eight new bio-based benzoxazines containing different substituent groups with different electron negativity and volumes were synthesized.The t...To explore the influence of substituent groups on thermally induced curing,eight new bio-based benzoxazines containing different substituent groups with different electron negativity and volumes were synthesized.The thermal curing of these bio-based benzoxazines was studied in detail.Combined with the curing reaction kinetics,simulation and calculation of Highest Occupied Molecular and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular values,the spatial and electronic effects of different substituent groups on the curing of benzoxazine was explored.It was found that when the substituent was located at the position directly connected to the N atom,the steric hindrance effect of the group was dominant.When the substituent group was located on the benzene ring connected to the O atom,both the electronic effect and the spatial effect influenced the curing of benzoxazine.When an electron-withdrawing group was connected ortho position to the O atom,the curing reaction was promoted due to the decreased electron cloud density of O-on the oxazine ring,making the C-O bond easier to break.When an electron-donating group was connected to the meta position of the O atom it also promoted the curing reaction,possibly because it increased the electron cloud density of the+CH2 reaction site and thereby facilitated electrophilic substitution via attack of+CH2 on the cross linking reaction centre.This work provides a deeper understanding of how spatial and electronic effects of substituents affect the curing of benzoxazine.展开更多
Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the w...Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1） With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2） Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients （p） are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3） With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4） Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5） Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors （such as gray water footprint） is more reasonable.展开更多
The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a region in China with a serious contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Exploring the spatiotemporal effects and influencing factors of air pollution in the ...The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a region in China with a serious contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Exploring the spatiotemporal effects and influencing factors of air pollution in the region is highly important for formulating policies to promote the high-quality development of urban industries. This study uses the spatial Durbin model(SDM) to analyze the local direct and spatial spillover effects of industrial transformation on air pollution and quantifies the contribution of each factor. From 2008 to 2018, there was a significant spatial agglomeration of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions(ISDE) in the YRD, and every 1% increase in ISDE led to a synchronous increase of 0.603% in the ISDE in adjacent cities. The industrial scale index(ISCI) and industrial structure index(ISTI), as the core factors of industrial transformation, significantly affect the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the YRD, and the elastic coefficients are 0.677 and-0.368, respectively. The order of the direct effect of the explanatory variables on local ISDE is ISCI>ISTI>foreign direct investment(FDI)>enterprise technological innovation(ETI)>environmental regulation(ER)> per capita GDP(PGDP). Similarly, the order of the spatial spillover effect of all variables on ISDE in adjacent cities is ISCI>PGDP>FDI>ETI>ISTI>ER, and the coefficients of the ISCI and ISTI are 1.531 and 0.113, respectively. This study contributes to the existing research that verifies the environmental Kuznets curve in the YRD, denies the pollution heaven hypothesis, indicates the Porter hypothesis, and provides empirical evidence for the formation mechanism of regional environmental pollution from a spatial spillover perspective.展开更多
Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon e...Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation(Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club' agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China.展开更多
As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial eff...As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial effects of industrial land, the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space still needs further exploration. Therefore, the evolution of industrial land in Xi’an from 2003 to 2019 is analyzed by the land use change matrixes, mixed degrees index, and sprawl index according to the multisource data. The results show that the scale change of industrial land is characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve and development zone-oriented spatial aggregation. Suburbanization, the conversion of agricultural land to industrial land in the suburbs, has intensified urban sprawl, resulting in more serious work-living imbalance and traffic congestion.Deindustrialization, the conversion of industrial land to residential, commercial, and business facilities land in the city center, has promoted urban sprawl, generated a large amount of construction waste, and caused a waste of resources. Based on the complex factors such as urban planning, land finance, and development zones, this study contributes to the research of the improvement of the rationality of urban land layout by revealing the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space.展开更多
Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the ...Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the effect of energy consumption on air quality and the spatial spillover effects of air pollution.We come to the following conclusions:First,the regional air quality has significant spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.Second,under three kinds of spatial associated mode,energy consumption has a negative impact on air quality,and the air pollution arising from energy consumption has a negative intra-regional spillover effect.The effect is strongest under the spatial distance weight matrix,followed by the economic distance,and the adjacent spatial weight matrix,which are−0.7926,−0.4547,and−0.4539,respectively.Third,in addition,under the adjacent space and economic distance space matrix,energy consumption has a significant negative effect on air quality,and the inter-regional spillover effects are−0.1513 and−2.5736,respectively.Meanwhile,considering spatial distance and economic development,the inter-regional spillover effect is much larger than is the intra-regional spillover effect.In general,the total spillover effect is at−0.6053 and−3.0284.展开更多
China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon ...China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.展开更多
On the basis of the emission data of the industrial sulphur dioxide (SO_2) and observed climate fields over East Asia, the distribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol(SO_4~2-) with seasonal variation in the troposph...On the basis of the emission data of the industrial sulphur dioxide (SO_2) and observed climate fields over East Asia, the distribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol(SO_4~2-) with seasonal variation in the troposphere is simulated and analyzed by a regional sulfur transport model, and the direct radiative effects of SO_4~2- under different weather conditions are also calculated using the discrete ordinate method. The results show that the concentration of SO_4~2- has significant seasonal and spatial variations resulting from the effects of SO_2 emission source and precipitation and wind fields. Both the concentration of SO_2 and its radiative forcing have the largest values in October and the lowest in July. SO_4~2- causes the decrease of the radiation flux absorbed by earth-atmosphere and the cooling of air temperature by scattering more solar radiation back into space. Besides, the radiative and climatic effects of SO_4~2- are related to the types and height and optical thickness, etc., of the clouds.展开更多
Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development an...Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.展开更多
The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digit...The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digital technologies,and energy,the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions has not received sufficient attention in the literature.Meanwhile,although cities are the basic units for carbon emission reduction policies,few studies have explored carbon emissions at the city level in China.This study investigates the spatial correlation and spillover effects of the digital economy development on carbon emission reduction in 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019.The proposed approach relies on Moran’s I test and the spatial Durbin model(SDM).First,the study’s results show that carbon emissions are more severe in industry-intensive cities in northeast and central China than in the eastern coast during the sample period.Second,the development of the digital economy is conducive to reducing carbon emissions.Third,Moran’s I and SDM tests find that the digital economy has a significant spatial effect on carbon emissions,with a close spatial connection between cities.Based on the above findings,this study offers relevant policy recommendations and suggestions for realizing China's carbon neutrality goal.展开更多
As a novel economic paradigm that drives high-quality economic development,the digital economy(DE)can potentially significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of ecological resources and improve human well-being.B...As a novel economic paradigm that drives high-quality economic development,the digital economy(DE)can potentially significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of ecological resources and improve human well-being.Based on panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China spanning 2011-2021,this study empirically investigates the direct effects,transmission mechanisms,and spatial spillover effects of the DE on ecological welfare performance(EWP)using benchmark regression,intermediary effects,and spatial Durbin models.The results show that the DE significantly improved EWP in Chinese cities.This conclusion remains valid even after controlling for relevant influencing factors.Two transmission paths—upgrading of the industrial structure(UIS)and green innovation(GI)—significantly impacted EWP,as verified by the mediation effect model.Additionally,the mediating effect of the UIS was stronger than that of GI.Spatial heterogeneity tests show that the DE had significant effects on the EWP of eastern cities,with little impact on the central and western cities.Accordingly,grounded in regional developmental disparities,the empowering effects of the DE must be fully harnessed to foster an ecological civilization and enhance the well-being of the populace.展开更多
Based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces during 2010–2022,this study constructs a systematic theoretical framework incorporating clean energy investment,technological innovation,industrial structure optimization...Based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces during 2010–2022,this study constructs a systematic theoretical framework incorporating clean energy investment,technological innovation,industrial structure optimization,and environ-mental governance,employing spatial econometric and threshold effect models to examine the impact mechanisms of clean energy development on sustainable economic growth.The findings reveal that clean energy development has a significant promoting effect on sustainable economic growth(impact coefficient 0.437)and generates notable spatial spillover effects(coefficient 0.328);technological innovation(38.24%),industrial structure optimization(31.47%),and environmental gov-ernance(25.89%)represent three crucial pathways through which clean energy drives sustainable economic development;this impact exhibits significant regional heterogeneity,with the eastern region(0.526)showing higher effects than central(0.437)and western regions(0.342),and demonstrating a strengthening trend over time.The innovative contributions of this paper include:the first combination of spatial econometrics and threshold effect models to study the economic effects of clean energy development;construction of a detailed measurement system for clean energy development that incorporates characteristics of different types of clean energy;and quantitative analysis of the inherent causes of regional differences using the Shapley value decomposition method.The research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for formulating differentiated regional development strategies,strengthening technological innovation support,optimizing the industrial development environment,and enhancing environmental governance coordination.展开更多
In response to the lack of objective evaluation criteria for interpreting the spatial scales of historical streets,as well as the problem of fragmented and complex textures,this research proposes an analysis method fo...In response to the lack of objective evaluation criteria for interpreting the spatial scales of historical streets,as well as the problem of fragmented and complex textures,this research proposes an analysis method for assessing the spatial scaling effects using the Ping Ge type map.Drawing on the Ping Ge cartographic methods from the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),it connects ancient measurement systems with objective evaluation criteria based on object relations and utilizes surveying maps from the Republic of China(1912-1949)to clarify temporal attributes of texture.The study employs a typical case study to demonstrate the feasibility of using the Ping Ge type map in interpreting historical streets.By creating the Ping Ge type map of the East-West Street in Quanzhou Ancient City and utilizing form diagrams,it reveals patterns such as scale multiplications within respective plots,transformations in linear sequences of streets,and increases or decreases in plot series scales.The case analysis indicates that the Ping Ge type map effectively uncover the spatial scaling characteristics of historical street layouts in China and can transform them into design resources that preserve the inner order of cities,thereby promoting spatial scaling awareness in the planning and design of regional architectural clusters.展开更多
基金Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Program of the Ministry of Education(23YJA790027)。
文摘Exploring the effective and efficient path of agricultural carbon emission reduction in Henan Province is of great significance to optimizing the strategic layout of China's agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration.Accordingly,the agricultural carbon emissions of each county were measured scientifically and then the spatial measurement model was utilized to clarify the spatial and temporal evolution trend and spatial effect mechanism of agricultural carbon emissions based on the county data of Henan Province from 2010 to 2020.The results showed that:(1)in 2020,the total agricultural carbon emissions were 134.7274 million tons,with the high distribution in the southeast and low distribution in the northwest;(2)the spatial dependence of agricultural carbon emissions showed a four-stage trend of fluctuating down-continuing up-plummeting-fluctuating up again,and the spatial heterogeneity was dominated by low-low agglomeration,followed by high-low agglomeration;(3)there was an inverted U curve relationship between the level of agricultural economic development and agricultural carbon emissions.The increase in the level of agricultural mechanization and urbanization rate significantly reduced agricultural carbon emissions.The opposite was true for the financial support for agriculture,the income level of rural residents and the structure of the agricultural industry;(4)in terms of spatial spillover effects,the increase in the level of agricultural development in neighbor counties first increased and then decreased agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province.The mechanization level and urbanization rate of neighbor counties reduced agricultural carbon emissions in Henan Province,and the opposite was true for the income level of rural residents and the scale utilization of agricultural land.
基金the initial outcome of the Research on Strategies and Paths for Digital Economy Promoting Green Development Transformation of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle(ID:2023ZDSC10)a major project under Chongqing’s Social Science Planning for the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle,the Research on Paths for Digital Village Development Empowering Western China to Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap in the New Development Stage(ID:SWU2209220)a capacity enhancement project supported by Central Government’s Special Fund for the Basic Research Activities of Colleges and Universities,and the Dual Circulation in the National Economy Empowering Rural Revitalization(ID:SWUPilotPlan025)under the 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University.
文摘The development of digital villages and the expansion of farmers’consumption are important measures for expanding domestic demand and enhancing rural productive forces.Based on provincial panel data from China spanning 2010 to 2022,this paper establishes an evaluation indicator system for the development of digital villages,and empirically examines the impact of the development of digital villages on farmers’consumption growth,as well as its mechanisms,and spatial spillover effects.The results indicate that digital village development significantly promotes growth in the consumption of farmers,with the effects being more pronounced in the central and western regions.Mechanism analysis reveals that digital village development has a significant income-increasing effect and it improves the convenience of payments,both of which serve as important channels for promoting farmers’consumption growth.Further analysis demonstrates the significant spatial spillover effects of digital village development on farmers’consumption growth.Specifically,farmers’consumption growth is not only directly influenced by local digital village development and the demonstration effect of consumption growth in neighboring regions,but it is also indirectly influenced by the digital village development of nearby areas.Therefore,the promotion of digital village development,tailored to local conditions,the broadening of channels for increasing farmers’income,the strengthening of digital inclusive finance,and the rational leveraging of the spatial spillover effects of digital village development can further unleash the potential of farmers’consumption.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.16ASH007)。
文摘In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41201129, No.41125005
文摘Based on the multi-regional input-output analysis, this paper improves the four traditional input-output formulas about exports resulting in multi-regional carbon emissions spatial effects which include direct effect, indirect effect, spillover effect and feedback effect. And the latter two formulas are to measure the bidirectional influences of carbon emissions induced by regional exports between two regions. The results suggest that the direct effects of Chinese eight regions induced by national exports decreased from 1997 to 2010, and the indirect effects induced by national exports also decreased except the northern coastal region and the northwestern region in China. During this period, most of Chinese coastal regions had strong spillover effects induced by their own exports. The northern coastal region and the eastern coastal region had stronger feedback effects, while the southern coastal region had weaker feedback effects and Beijing-Tianjin region had the weakest feedback effect induced by their exports. All of the inland regions had strong feedback effects, especially for Northwest and Central China, induced by their exports. More attention should be paid to the inter-regional joint efforts in order to effectively achieve Chinese national carbon-reduction target.
文摘As a new kind of technology in retaining structures, the characteristics of double-row piles are significantly affected by spatial effects. In this paper, double-row piles as a retaining structure are simulated numerically in three-dimension by finite element software PLAXIS 3D FOUNDATION. The behavior differences of piles in different positions around the foundation pit are analyzed. By changing the parameters, including the length-width ratio, the excavation depth, the distance between rows and the diameter of piles, the variations of the lateral deformation, the bending moment and the earth pressure around the piles are determined. The reasonable values of parameters and some suggestions with consideration of earth pressure are proposed for the design of double-row piles as a retaining structure. The results show that the lateral deformation and bending moment are the largest in the middle of long side of the foundation pit, which is identified as the most unfavorable position. It is indicated that the earth pressure between rows above pit bottom is close to active earth pressure, while the earth pressure between rows under pit bottom is close to static earth pressure. It is suggested that 1/2-2/3 of pile length, 0.6-1.2 m, 3d-6d, and 2d-2.5d be chosen as embedded depth of piles, diameter of piles, distance between rows, and distance between piles, respectively, where d is the pile diameter.
文摘Based on two dimensions of supply and demand,we use six indicators to establish a rural inclusive financial development index and evaluate the development of China's rural inclusive finance. We use spatial panel data model to examine the relationship between financial inclusion and rural poverty. Results show that:( i) both the rural inclusive finance and rural residents' per capita consumption present spatial clustering feature and show significant spatial correlation;( ii) the development of rural inclusive finance has significant spatial effect on poverty alleviation along time and space dimensions. In this study,the paper puts forward policy recommendations on strengthening the rural financial resources flow and constructing diversified rural inclusive financial system.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11 th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in China(No.NCET-05-0529)
文摘Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773060,and 52073091)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(20ZR1414600)+1 种基金Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(SAST2020-087)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(50321042017001).
文摘To explore the influence of substituent groups on thermally induced curing,eight new bio-based benzoxazines containing different substituent groups with different electron negativity and volumes were synthesized.The thermal curing of these bio-based benzoxazines was studied in detail.Combined with the curing reaction kinetics,simulation and calculation of Highest Occupied Molecular and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular values,the spatial and electronic effects of different substituent groups on the curing of benzoxazine was explored.It was found that when the substituent was located at the position directly connected to the N atom,the steric hindrance effect of the group was dominant.When the substituent group was located on the benzene ring connected to the O atom,both the electronic effect and the spatial effect influenced the curing of benzoxazine.When an electron-withdrawing group was connected ortho position to the O atom,the curing reaction was promoted due to the decreased electron cloud density of O-on the oxazine ring,making the C-O bond easier to break.When an electron-donating group was connected to the meta position of the O atom it also promoted the curing reaction,possibly because it increased the electron cloud density of the+CH2 reaction site and thereby facilitated electrophilic substitution via attack of+CH2 on the cross linking reaction centre.This work provides a deeper understanding of how spatial and electronic effects of substituents affect the curing of benzoxazine.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China, No. 11BJY063 Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No.NECT-13-0844
文摘Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1） With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2） Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients （p） are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3） With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4） Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5） Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors （such as gray water footprint） is more reasonable.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23020101National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901181。
文摘The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a region in China with a serious contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Exploring the spatiotemporal effects and influencing factors of air pollution in the region is highly important for formulating policies to promote the high-quality development of urban industries. This study uses the spatial Durbin model(SDM) to analyze the local direct and spatial spillover effects of industrial transformation on air pollution and quantifies the contribution of each factor. From 2008 to 2018, there was a significant spatial agglomeration of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions(ISDE) in the YRD, and every 1% increase in ISDE led to a synchronous increase of 0.603% in the ISDE in adjacent cities. The industrial scale index(ISCI) and industrial structure index(ISTI), as the core factors of industrial transformation, significantly affect the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the YRD, and the elastic coefficients are 0.677 and-0.368, respectively. The order of the direct effect of the explanatory variables on local ISDE is ISCI>ISTI>foreign direct investment(FDI)>enterprise technological innovation(ETI)>environmental regulation(ER)> per capita GDP(PGDP). Similarly, the order of the spatial spillover effect of all variables on ISDE in adjacent cities is ISCI>PGDP>FDI>ETI>ISTI>ER, and the coefficients of the ISCI and ISTI are 1.531 and 0.113, respectively. This study contributes to the existing research that verifies the environmental Kuznets curve in the YRD, denies the pollution heaven hypothesis, indicates the Porter hypothesis, and provides empirical evidence for the formation mechanism of regional environmental pollution from a spatial spillover perspective.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41601151Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2016A030310149
文摘Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation(Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club' agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071211)。
文摘As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial effects of industrial land, the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space still needs further exploration. Therefore, the evolution of industrial land in Xi’an from 2003 to 2019 is analyzed by the land use change matrixes, mixed degrees index, and sprawl index according to the multisource data. The results show that the scale change of industrial land is characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve and development zone-oriented spatial aggregation. Suburbanization, the conversion of agricultural land to industrial land in the suburbs, has intensified urban sprawl, resulting in more serious work-living imbalance and traffic congestion.Deindustrialization, the conversion of industrial land to residential, commercial, and business facilities land in the city center, has promoted urban sprawl, generated a large amount of construction waste, and caused a waste of resources. Based on the complex factors such as urban planning, land finance, and development zones, this study contributes to the research of the improvement of the rationality of urban land layout by revealing the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space.
基金supported by the National Statistical Scientific Research Project of China[Grant number.2016LZ13]the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project of China[Grant number.16YJAZH015]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71874185].
文摘Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the effect of energy consumption on air quality and the spatial spillover effects of air pollution.We come to the following conclusions:First,the regional air quality has significant spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.Second,under three kinds of spatial associated mode,energy consumption has a negative impact on air quality,and the air pollution arising from energy consumption has a negative intra-regional spillover effect.The effect is strongest under the spatial distance weight matrix,followed by the economic distance,and the adjacent spatial weight matrix,which are−0.7926,−0.4547,and−0.4539,respectively.Third,in addition,under the adjacent space and economic distance space matrix,energy consumption has a significant negative effect on air quality,and the inter-regional spillover effects are−0.1513 and−2.5736,respectively.Meanwhile,considering spatial distance and economic development,the inter-regional spillover effect is much larger than is the intra-regional spillover effect.In general,the total spillover effect is at−0.6053 and−3.0284.
基金supported by the Major Tender Projects of National Social Science Foundation of China "Study on Optimization and Operation Mechanism of Industrial Eco Economic System in China"[grant number 12&ZD207]National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Value Chain Structure and Firm Embeddedness of Emerging Industries Driven by Technology Convergence"[grant number 71704069]+2 种基金MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation "Research on the Formation Mechanism of Dynamic Capability of China's Manufacturing Clusters for Sustainable Eco-innovation"[grant number 16YJC630125]Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province "Research on Eco-innovation and New Competitive Advantages of Jiangsu Manufacturing Industrial Clusters"[grant number17GLB020]Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions "Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions Efficiency of Construction Industry in China"[grant number17KJB170004]
文摘China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.
文摘On the basis of the emission data of the industrial sulphur dioxide (SO_2) and observed climate fields over East Asia, the distribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol(SO_4~2-) with seasonal variation in the troposphere is simulated and analyzed by a regional sulfur transport model, and the direct radiative effects of SO_4~2- under different weather conditions are also calculated using the discrete ordinate method. The results show that the concentration of SO_4~2- has significant seasonal and spatial variations resulting from the effects of SO_2 emission source and precipitation and wind fields. Both the concentration of SO_2 and its radiative forcing have the largest values in October and the lowest in July. SO_4~2- causes the decrease of the radiation flux absorbed by earth-atmosphere and the cooling of air temperature by scattering more solar radiation back into space. Besides, the radiative and climatic effects of SO_4~2- are related to the types and height and optical thickness, etc., of the clouds.
文摘Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.
基金supported by Major Project of National Social Science Fund[Grant No.22ZDA108].
文摘The rapid development of the digital economy provides an unprecedented opportunity for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.While previous studies have explored the relationship between the digital economy,digital technologies,and energy,the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions has not received sufficient attention in the literature.Meanwhile,although cities are the basic units for carbon emission reduction policies,few studies have explored carbon emissions at the city level in China.This study investigates the spatial correlation and spillover effects of the digital economy development on carbon emission reduction in 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019.The proposed approach relies on Moran’s I test and the spatial Durbin model(SDM).First,the study’s results show that carbon emissions are more severe in industry-intensive cities in northeast and central China than in the eastern coast during the sample period.Second,the development of the digital economy is conducive to reducing carbon emissions.Third,Moran’s I and SDM tests find that the digital economy has a significant spatial effect on carbon emissions,with a close spatial connection between cities.Based on the above findings,this study offers relevant policy recommendations and suggestions for realizing China's carbon neutrality goal.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province[Grant No.ZR2022MD104]Rizhao Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project[Grant No.RZ2021ZR36]Taishan Scholars Youth Expert Support Plan of Shandong Province[Grant No.tsqn202306183].
文摘As a novel economic paradigm that drives high-quality economic development,the digital economy(DE)can potentially significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of ecological resources and improve human well-being.Based on panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China spanning 2011-2021,this study empirically investigates the direct effects,transmission mechanisms,and spatial spillover effects of the DE on ecological welfare performance(EWP)using benchmark regression,intermediary effects,and spatial Durbin models.The results show that the DE significantly improved EWP in Chinese cities.This conclusion remains valid even after controlling for relevant influencing factors.Two transmission paths—upgrading of the industrial structure(UIS)and green innovation(GI)—significantly impacted EWP,as verified by the mediation effect model.Additionally,the mediating effect of the UIS was stronger than that of GI.Spatial heterogeneity tests show that the DE had significant effects on the EWP of eastern cities,with little impact on the central and western cities.Accordingly,grounded in regional developmental disparities,the empowering effects of the DE must be fully harnessed to foster an ecological civilization and enhance the well-being of the populace.
文摘Based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces during 2010–2022,this study constructs a systematic theoretical framework incorporating clean energy investment,technological innovation,industrial structure optimization,and environ-mental governance,employing spatial econometric and threshold effect models to examine the impact mechanisms of clean energy development on sustainable economic growth.The findings reveal that clean energy development has a significant promoting effect on sustainable economic growth(impact coefficient 0.437)and generates notable spatial spillover effects(coefficient 0.328);technological innovation(38.24%),industrial structure optimization(31.47%),and environmental gov-ernance(25.89%)represent three crucial pathways through which clean energy drives sustainable economic development;this impact exhibits significant regional heterogeneity,with the eastern region(0.526)showing higher effects than central(0.437)and western regions(0.342),and demonstrating a strengthening trend over time.The innovative contributions of this paper include:the first combination of spatial econometrics and threshold effect models to study the economic effects of clean energy development;construction of a detailed measurement system for clean energy development that incorporates characteristics of different types of clean energy;and quantitative analysis of the inherent causes of regional differences using the Shapley value decomposition method.The research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for formulating differentiated regional development strategies,strengthening technological innovation support,optimizing the industrial development environment,and enhancing environmental governance coordination.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Key Program(Grant No.52038007)。
文摘In response to the lack of objective evaluation criteria for interpreting the spatial scales of historical streets,as well as the problem of fragmented and complex textures,this research proposes an analysis method for assessing the spatial scaling effects using the Ping Ge type map.Drawing on the Ping Ge cartographic methods from the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),it connects ancient measurement systems with objective evaluation criteria based on object relations and utilizes surveying maps from the Republic of China(1912-1949)to clarify temporal attributes of texture.The study employs a typical case study to demonstrate the feasibility of using the Ping Ge type map in interpreting historical streets.By creating the Ping Ge type map of the East-West Street in Quanzhou Ancient City and utilizing form diagrams,it reveals patterns such as scale multiplications within respective plots,transformations in linear sequences of streets,and increases or decreases in plot series scales.The case analysis indicates that the Ping Ge type map effectively uncover the spatial scaling characteristics of historical street layouts in China and can transform them into design resources that preserve the inner order of cities,thereby promoting spatial scaling awareness in the planning and design of regional architectural clusters.
