Coking industry is a potential source of heavy metals(HMs)pollution.However,its impacts to the groundwater of surrounding residential areas have not been well understood.This study investigated the pollution character...Coking industry is a potential source of heavy metals(HMs)pollution.However,its impacts to the groundwater of surrounding residential areas have not been well understood.This study investigated the pollution characteristics and health risks of HMs in groundwater nearby a typical coking plant.Nine HMs including Fe,Zn,Mo,As,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb and Cd were analyzed.The average concentration of total HMswas higher in the nearby area(244.27μg/L)than that of remote area away the coking plant(89.15μg/L).The spatial distribution of pollution indices including heavy metal pollution index(HPI),Nemerow index(NI)and contamination degree(CD),all demonstrated higher values at the nearby residential areas,suggesting coking activity could significantly impact the HMs distribution characteristics.Four sources of HMs were identified by Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,which indicated coal washing and coking emission were the dominant sources,accounted for 40.4%,and 31.0%,respectively.Oral ingestionwas found to be the dominant exposure pathway with higher exposure dose to children than adults.Hazard quotient(HQ)values were below 1.0,suggesting negligible non-carcinogenic health risks,while potential carcinogenic risks were from Pb and Ni with cancer risk(CR)values>10−6.Monte Carlo simulation matched well with the calculated results with HMs concentrations to be the most sensitive parameters.This study provides insights into understanding how the industrial coking activities can impact the HMs pollution characteristics in groundwater,thus facilitating the implement of HMs regulation in coking industries.展开更多
Since scarce knowledge of soil mercury(Hg)concentrations and risks in the vulnerable Xinjiang,topsoils(0-15 cm)from its typical landscapes were extensively sampled.Topsoil total mercury(THg)concentrations varied broad...Since scarce knowledge of soil mercury(Hg)concentrations and risks in the vulnerable Xinjiang,topsoils(0-15 cm)from its typical landscapes were extensively sampled.Topsoil total mercury(THg)concentrations varied broadly between 0.9 and 35.3 ng/g,of which16.8%exceeded the background value of soil Hg for Xinjiang.Topsoil THg concentrations across various landscapes exhibited a declining order:farmland(11.7±6.0 ng/g)>grassland(10.5±8.5 ng/g)>woodland(10.2±8.2 ng/g)>desert(7.0±5.8 ng/g).The average topsoil THg concentration was higher in northwestern Xinjiang(11.3±7.2 ng/g)than that in southeastern Xinjiang(6.3±6.1 ng/g).Relatively high topsoil THg concentrations were observed near the cities with intensive human activities,followed by a gradual decline to the surroundings.The concentrations of topsoil THg were strongly correlated with the contents of total organic carbon(TOC),clay,silty,and sandy,and the distance from each sampling site to its nearest city,suggesting that the variation of topsoil Hg was significantly influenced by TOC content,soil granularity,and anthropogenic Hg emissions.Silty and TOC were the principal affecting factors,explaining 48.7%and 7.9%of the THg variation,respectively.The contamination and potential ecological risk evaluations revealed that topsoils in regions with dense populations were polluted with Hg and contained higher potential ecological risks.The health risk evaluations indicated that exposure risks of topsoil Hg were higher for children than those for adults.Fortunately,topsoil Hg posed acceptable risks to human health.展开更多
Poyang Lake,China's largest freshwater lake,is a critical wintering ground for most of the global Siberian Grane(Grus leucogeranus)population.However,increasingly prolonged dry seasons have degraded the natural we...Poyang Lake,China's largest freshwater lake,is a critical wintering ground for most of the global Siberian Grane(Grus leucogeranus)population.However,increasingly prolonged dry seasons have degraded the natural wetlands of Poyang Lake,forcing Siberian Cranes to shift to artificial habitats.From 2015 to 2023,field surveys revealed a substantial increase in the number of Siberian Cranes in artificial habitats,with peak counts reaching 3000individuals,accounting for up to 53%of the species'global population.Satellite telemetry of 13 individuals further confirmed the spatial use of these habitats,highlighting their consistent reliance on artificial sites over multiple years.Seven high-use hotspots were identified outside of Poyang Lake,including two artificial provisioning sites that supported dense foraging flocks for extended periods.Satellite telemetry confirmed this trend,with artificial habitats making up to 64.2%of the occurrence sites in some years.This reliance on artificial habitats was closely linked to the reduced tuber biomass in natural wetlands and low winter water levels in Poyang Lake,which collectively explained 83%of the variance in crane abundance in artificial habitats.Artificial habitat use peaked in December and January,indicating marked seasonal variation.Siberian Cranes also exhibited a pronounced circadian rhythm,foraging in artificial habitats during the day and returning to natural wetlands to roost at night.Despite the shift toward artificial habitats,natural wetlands remain critical for nighttime refuge.The continued dependence on artificial habitats raises concerns about disease transmission owing to dense congregations.Conservation strategies should prioritize both the careful management of artificial provisioning sites and the restoration of natural wetlands to improve food and habitat availability within natural ecosystems,ultimately enabling the return of Siberian Cranes to their traditional natural habitats.展开更多
The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surfac...The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surface would lead to unexpected chemoselectivity toward important and challenging reactions.In this work,we have proposed and validated unique Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)enriched Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts prepared by a deposition-precipitation method,for the transfer hydrogenation of lignin-derived guaiacol toward cyclohexanol rather than benzene derivatives.The counter-intuitively designed high Ni loading Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst(20 wt%Ni content)displays a distance of 0.5 nm for Ni/O_(v)pairs with a remarkable activity(TOF:166.5 h^(-1))and 90%+selectivity for C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)bond saturation,outperforming better metal-dispersed Ni_(5)/CeO_(2)catalyst with limited presence of Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)sites.The high hydrogenation activity against hydrogenolysis reactions on Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst is attributed to tunable Ni/O_(v)distances,which constrain the cleavage of CAr-OH bond and deep deoxygenation.Such spatial distribution effect has also facilitated tandem dehydrogenation(O-H bond cleavage)and hydrogenation(C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)hydrogenation)reactions,leading to cyclohexanol as the target product in the absence of externally added H_(2).Insights into spatial distribution of O_(v)sites open an alternative perspective in designing efficient catalysts toward producing value-added cyclic oxygenates through upgrading of lignin compounds.展开更多
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples w...Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.展开更多
This paper selects sampling sections for the mainstream and tributaries of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,collects river water and sediment samples during the flood season for pollen analysis,and use...This paper selects sampling sections for the mainstream and tributaries of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,collects river water and sediment samples during the flood season for pollen analysis,and uses methods such as Geodetector to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of pollen.The results show significant variations in vegetation composition across different watersheds,leading to notable differences in both the percentage and concentration of pollen types.Pollen concentration in river water is generally higher in the mainstream compared to tributaries,while sediment pollen percentage and concentration are typically lower in the mainstream than in tributaries.The concentration of suspended solids is the most significant factor affecting pollen concentration in the Yellow River,with this effect being particularly prominent outside the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge.Abundant coarse sand and rapid flow velocities are likely responsible for the high suspended solids concentration and lower pollen concentration observed in the mainstream of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge.In sediments,clay content is the primary factor influencing pollen concentration,and its interaction with silt and flow velocity has a more prominent influence on pollen concentration.At the Yellow River section below the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge,sediment pollen and clay concentrations significantly increase.The changes in pollen concentration in the river water before and after the reservoir are consistent with the suspended solids concentration,while the changes in sediment pollen concentration are consistent with the clay content.Notably,pollen concentrations in sediments decrease more significantly after passing through a reservoir compared to changes observed in river water samples.Overall,there is a strong correlation between river pollen and topsoil pollen,which can provide a reliable reflection of the broader vegetation landscape of the watershed.The findings can provide support for paleoenvironmental reconstruction using pollen from alluvial sediments or lakes with river inflows.展开更多
Based on the monitoring data of PM 10 concentration from six environmental monitoring stations and the ground meteorological observation data in Yantai City from 2019 to 2021,the spatial and temporal variation of PM 1...Based on the monitoring data of PM 10 concentration from six environmental monitoring stations and the ground meteorological observation data in Yantai City from 2019 to 2021,the spatial and temporal variation of PM 10 concentration and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied.The results show that from the perspective of temporal variation,the annual average of PM 10 concentration in Yantai City tended to decrease year by year.It was high in winter and spring and low in summer and autumn.In terms of monthly variation,the changing curve is U-shaped,and it was high in December and January but low in July and August.During a day,PM 10 concentration had two peaks.The first peak appeared approximately from 09:00 to 11:00,and the second peak can be found from 21:00 to 23:00.From the perspective of spatial distribution,PM 10 concentration was the highest in the development area and Fushan District.It was the highest in the west,followed by the east,while it was the lowest in the middle.The spatial difference rate was the highest in summer.Average temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and precipitation were the main meteorological factors influencing PM 10 concentration in Yantai area.PM 10 concentration was negatively correlated with average temperature and relative humidity,and the correlation was the most significant from June to October.It was negatively correlated with wind speed and precipitation,and the correlation was different in various months.The negative correlation was significant in summer and winter.展开更多
As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limite...As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limited research in recent years on the spatial-temporal distribution and emission of its atmospheric pollutants.To address this,this study conducted mobile observations of urban roads using the Mobile-DOAS instrument from June 2021 to May 2022.The monitoring results exhibit a favourable consistent with TROPOMI satellite data and ground monitoring station data.Temporally,there were pronounced seasonal variations in air pollutants.Spatially,high concentration of HCHO and NO_(2)were closely associated with traffic congestion on roadways,while heightened SO_(2)levels were attributed to winter heating and industrial emissions.The study also revealed that with the implementation of road policies,the average vehicle speed increased by 95.4%,while the NO concentration decreased by 54.4%.In the estimation of urban NO_(x)emission flux,it was observed that in temporal terms,compared with inventory data,the emissions calculated viamobile measurements exhibitedmore distinct seasonal patterns,with the highest emission rate of 349 g/sec in winter and the lowest of 142 g/sec in summer.In spatial terms,the significant difference in emissions between the inner and outer ring roads also suggests the presence of the city’s primary NO_(x)emission sources in the area between these two rings.This study offers data support for formulating the next phase of air pollution control measures in urban areas.展开更多
Medicinal plant diversity(MPD)is an indispensable part of global plant diversity,serving as the foundation for human survival by offering remedies and preventive measures against diseases.However,factors such as overe...Medicinal plant diversity(MPD)is an indispensable part of global plant diversity,serving as the foundation for human survival by offering remedies and preventive measures against diseases.However,factors such as overexploitation,competition from invasive alien species,and climate change,threaten the habitats of medicinal plants,necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their spatial distribution and suitable habitats.We leveraged a decade of field survey data on medicinal plant distribution in the Yinshan Mountains,combined with spatial analysis,species distribution modeling,and the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach(CASA)to explore the MPD spatial distribution and suitable habitats.Spatial analysis revealed that the central and eastern parts of Yinshan Mountains were the primary MPD hotspots,with no cold spots evident at various spatial scales.As the spatial scale decreased,previous non-significant regions transformed into hotspots,with instances where large-scale hotspots became insignificant.These findings offer valuable guidance for safeguarding and nurturing MPD across diverse spatial scales.In future climate change scenarios within the shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP),the habitat suitability for MPD in the Yinshan Mountains predominantly remains concentrated in the central and eastern regions.Notably,areas with high net primary productivity(NPP)values and abundant vegetation coverage align closely with MPD habitat suitability areas,potentially contributing to the region's rich MPD.展开更多
Located in Nanhai Town,Songzi City,Hubei Province,Xiaonanhai Lake is the largest natural lake in Songzi.It was once severely polluted due to the discharge of urban and rural domestic sewage,disorderly development of a...Located in Nanhai Town,Songzi City,Hubei Province,Xiaonanhai Lake is the largest natural lake in Songzi.It was once severely polluted due to the discharge of urban and rural domestic sewage,disorderly development of agricultural planting,unregulated aquaculture,and poultry farming.However,relevant esti-mations of the pollutant content in its sediment have not been carried out.This study analyzed the spatial patterns of heavy metal pollution and eutrophication at 36 water sampling sites in the Xiaonanhai Lake area,focusing on eight heavy metals:Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,As,Pb,Hg,and Zn.The nutrient status of the lake area was evaluated using the nitrogen-phosphorus comprehensive pollution index,and heavy metal pollution status of the lake area was evaluated using geo-accumulation and the potential ecological risk index.Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed the spatial correlation and aggregation of eutrophication levels in Xiaonanhai Lake.The results showed that the overall trophic state of the Xiaonanhai Lake area was moderate eutrophication,with a gradually decreasing eutrophication level from north to south.The Chengnan Wastewater Treatment Plant in the northern part of the lake area and surface source pollution from aquaculture were the main nitrogen and phosphorus sources.The overall eco-logical risk index of heavy metal pollution was medium and gradually weakened from north to south,consistent with the thickness of the bottom mud.The heavy metal pollution load was mainly precipitated from the bottom mud in the lake area.The eutrophication and heavy metal pollution levels in the lake area showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation,the influence range of the regional eutrophication level was small,and the spatial heterogeneity of the eutrophication and heavy metal pollution levels in Xiaonanhai Lake was relatively high.The northern part of the lake was a hotspot(high/high aggregation)of eutrophication(p<0.01)while the southern part was a cold spot(low/low concentration;p<0.05).The middle and northern part of the lake area was the hot spot(high/high concentration)of heavy metal pollution level(p<0.1)while the southern part was the cold spot(low/low concentration;p<0.1).Therefore,when carrying out water environment management in Xiaonanhai Lake,the northern area and the middle area should be prioritized for eutrophication prevention and control and dredging.展开更多
Species distribution patterns is one of the important topics in ecology and biological conservation.Although species distribution models have been intensively used in the research,the effects of spatial associations a...Species distribution patterns is one of the important topics in ecology and biological conservation.Although species distribution models have been intensively used in the research,the effects of spatial associations and spatial dependence have been rarely taken into account in the modeling processes.Recently,Joint Species Distribution Models(JSDMs)offer the opportunity to consider both environmental factors and interspecific relationships as well as the role of spatial structures.This study uses the HMSC(Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities)framework to model the multispecies distribution of a marine fish assemblage,in which spatial associations and spatial dependence is deliberately accounted for.Three HMSC models were implemented with different structures of random effects to address the existence of spatial associations and spatial dependence,and the predictive performances at different levels of sample sizes were analyzed in the assessment.The results showed that the models with random effects could account for a larger proportion of explainable variance(32.8%),and particularly the spatial random effect model provided the best predictive performances(R_(mean)^(2)=0.31),indicating that spatial random effects could substantially influence the results of the joint species distribution.Increasing sample size had a strong effect(R_(mean)^(2)=0.24-0.31)on the predictive accuracy of the spatially-structured model than on the other models,suggesting that optimal model selection should be dependent on sample size.This study highlights the importance of incorporating spatial random effects for JSDM predictions and suggests that the choice of model structures should consider the data quality across species.展开更多
The concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,and Pb were determined in Doulonggang River,Xinyanggang River,Huangshagang River,Sheyanghe River,Guangaizongqu River,and Linhonghe River at the North of Jiangsu Pr...The concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,and Pb were determined in Doulonggang River,Xinyanggang River,Huangshagang River,Sheyanghe River,Guangaizongqu River,and Linhonghe River at the North of Jiangsu Province in 2019.The annual average concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd and Pb in the six rivers were 2.20,1.22,4.53,21.9,0.13,2.79,1.77,4.00,2.97,3.87,0.01,0.19μg L^(-1)respectively.The highest concentration of most trace metals were found in Guangaizongqu River and Linhonghe River,and the lowest concentration were found in Xinyanggang River and Huangshagang River.The principal component analysis(PCA)resulted of two factors together explained 91.2%of the variance with>1initial eigenvalue,indicating that both natural and anthropogenic activities were contributing factors as the source of metal abundance in rivers of northern Jiangsu Province.The first major component represented the influence of anthropogenic activities,including industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 54.1%,affected Cr,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd and Pb.The second(such as V,Mn,Co,Ni,As)was a mixed source,including the natural processes such as precipitation,erosion and weathering and anthropogenic action like industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 37.1%.Seasonal variations in trace metal concentrations were influenced by temperature,salinity,water discharge,and input of external pollutants.The highest concentrations were found in wet season and were strongly influenced by rainfall and seasonal industrial and agricultural activities.展开更多
Recurring Slope Lineae(RSL)are seasonally observed dark streaks on the Martian surface that exhibit distinct spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.Exploring their formation mechanisms can deepen our unders...Recurring Slope Lineae(RSL)are seasonally observed dark streaks on the Martian surface that exhibit distinct spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.Exploring their formation mechanisms can deepen our understanding of surface activity on Mars and provide scientific basis for future Mars exploration.This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and formation mechanisms of RSL by reviewing relevant literature and synthesizing various viewpoints and experimental results.RSL typically appear during warm seasons,disappear during cold seasons,and repeat over multiple Martian years.The formation mechanisms can be broadly categorized into three types:dry mode,wet mode,and mixed mode.However,a definitive explanation for the formation of RSL is still lacking,and both the dry and wet models have their respective limitations.It is likely that the formation of RSL is the result of the combined action of multiple mechanisms.The next step should be to search for terrestrial analogs of RSL and conduct research at high spatial and temporal resolutions to understand the forming processes of RSL.展开更多
Introducing a stoichiometric excess of lead iodide(PbI_(2))in perovskite films has been demonstrated as an effective passivation strategy that can improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(...Introducing a stoichiometric excess of lead iodide(PbI_(2))in perovskite films has been demonstrated as an effective passivation strategy that can improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),However,excess PbI_(2)is also known to accelerate the degradation of the perovskite layer.In this study,we show that this degradation primarily stems from the decomposition of PbI_(2)at the bottom of the perovskite film which is exposed to light We further show that when using a two-step spin coating deposition procedure,the excess PbI_(2)results from the decomposition of the perovskite during the annealing process rather than the presence of non-reacted PbI_(2).Finally,we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of PbI_(2)within the perovskite films can be controlled in a way that mitigates the PbI_(2)induced perovskite decomposition.In this manner,we produced devices exhibiting initial power conversion efficiencies over 25%,maintaining 98.6% after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination.These findings offer valuable insights into achieving high performance PSCs through judicious process control using a two-step spin-coating procedure.展开更多
Increasing concerns regarding aquatic ecological health and eutrophication driven by urbanization and human activities have highlighted the need to understand primary productivity(PP)dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. Th...Increasing concerns regarding aquatic ecological health and eutrophication driven by urbanization and human activities have highlighted the need to understand primary productivity(PP)dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the spatial distribution of PP across the Weihe River Basin, China using inverse distance weighting and analyzed the influence of different land uses and water physical-chemical parameters on PP using Mantel test and Spearman analysis. Significantly spatial heterogeneity in PP concentrations, ranging from 0.458 to 3262.807 mg C/(m^(2)·d), was observed with high-PP sites clustered in the middle-lower reaches dominated by farmland-construction land mosaics.Core drivers included light availability(Secchi depth and sunlight duration) and phytoplankton biomass(chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)), while water temperature exhibited threshold-dependent effects. Total organic carbon played dual roles, promoting PP concentrations in low-Chl-a regions, but suppressing it under high-Chl-a regions. Dual-scale buffer analysis(500 and 1000 m buffer zones) revealed PP heterogeneity stemed from interactive land use configurations, rather than isolated types. Balanced construction land-to-farmland ratio(0.467–2.890) elevated PP concentrations in human-dominated basins(the main stem of the Weihe River and Jinghe River), whereas excessive agricultural homogenization reduced PP likely due to fertilizer saturation and algal self-shading. Ecologically sensitive basins(the Beiluohe River Basin) demonstrated distinct patterns, in which PP concentration was regulated through natural-agricultural synergies. These results deepened the understanding of land use effects on aquatic PP,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing land use strategies to reconcile eutrophication control with ecological productivity in human-stressed basins.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental issue,for which rivers serve as key conduits for the transport of MPs from land to ocean.There remained a lack of clarity regarding the charac...Microplastics(MPs)pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental issue,for which rivers serve as key conduits for the transport of MPs from land to ocean.There remained a lack of clarity regarding the characteristics and transport patterns of MPs pollution in diverse environmental media and seasons within a river basin.The Jiulong River basin in Fujian,southeast China was studied as case,whose spatial-temporal distribution,pollution characteristics,and transport dynamics of MPs in both surface water and groundwater were analyzed.Additionally,the features of MPs in different land use types during the dry season were examined.Results show that in wet season,the abundance of MPs in river water varied from 840 to 12300 p/m^(3),with an average of 3920 p/m^(3);in groundwater,the range was 740-1820 p/m^(3),averaging 1107 p/m^(3);and from 68 to 951 p/kg,with an average value of 265 p/kg in the soil(dry weight).In dry season,levels of MPs in river water ranged from 580 to 8880 p/m^(3),with an average of 4034 p/m^(3);groundwater exhibited a range of 860-14980 p/m^(3),averaging 3453 p/m^(3).Fibers consistently dominated the morphology of MPs,of which polyethylene terephthalate was identified as the predominant composition in each environmental medium.Our findings underscore the spatial and temporal variability in distribution and contamination characteristics of MPs across different media.Notably,MPs abundance in river water and groundwater exhibited a seasonal pattern,being higher in levels in dry season than in wet season.The downstream transport of MPs was facilitated by surface runoff,in which MPs in groundwater and surface water could complement to each other.Furthermore,population density and human activities were identified as influential factors on the distribution and abundance of MPs.This study revealed the order of magnitude of difference in annual estimates of MPs entering the sea among different models.Additionally,the interception volume by mangrove forest in the Jiulong River estuary was estimated approximately 1.51×10^(10)MPs particles per year.Ecological interception shall be considered when estimating the fluxes of MPs into the sea.展开更多
Due to the lack of the three-dimensional structure of the Zhaoji Salt Basin,the salt mining enterprises have obvious clustering when choosing sites.Production capacity declines rapidly as mining deepens,and the enterp...Due to the lack of the three-dimensional structure of the Zhaoji Salt Basin,the salt mining enterprises have obvious clustering when choosing sites.Production capacity declines rapidly as mining deepens,and the enterprises are entering a stage of stagnation in production.In this study,a dense seismic array of 125 short-period stations was deployed around the core mining area and its vicinity of the salt mine industry,we used the ambient noise tomography(ANT)method to image the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure at the depth shallower than 3 km.The results indicate:(1)The overall shear wave velocity in the study area is relatively lower,ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 km/s,which could be related to the loose and thick deposition of the Zhaoji sub-depression.(2)The three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure reveals that the sedimentary thickness of the Zhaoji sub-depression is deeper in the southeast and shallower in the northwest,with the sedimentary center located around Heping Town and Dahuangzhuang Town.(3)The Zhaoji salt mine is a low-velocity anomalous zone in the shear wave velocity structure with an inverse‘C'character spreading along Nanchenji Town and Zhaoji Town,with a depth ranging from approximately 1.2 to 2.8 km,it may be caused by the development of rock fissures due to water extraction and injection.The surrounding rock exhibits relatively high velocity,which reflects the morphological characteristics of the Zhaoji Salt Basin.The three-dimensional shear wave velocity model obtained in this study provides scientific guidance for the industrial exploitation of the Zhaoji salt mine and reference for salt exploration of the Hongze Salt Basin.It also provides an important basis for the seismic risk assessment of the salt basins.Simultaneously,it holds significant implications for exploring the application of ambient noise tomography method in spatial detection of salt mine belt.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
The Yarlung Tsangpo River(YTR),located in the Himalayan orogenic belt,is renowned for its deep gorges and complex tectonic features,as well as its reputation as a landslide-prone region.However,less is known about the...The Yarlung Tsangpo River(YTR),located in the Himalayan orogenic belt,is renowned for its deep gorges and complex tectonic features,as well as its reputation as a landslide-prone region.However,less is known about the distribution of landslides across the entire river basin.To address this gap in knowledge,this study first established a comprehensive landslide inventory across the entire basin using remote sensing mapping and multiple field investigations.Then,a systematic analysis of the spatial and size distributions was conducted.The results indicated that the YTR basin features at least 2390 landslides with areas exceeding 104 m2,spanning a total area and volume of 1087.6 km^(2) and 48.4 km^(3),respectively.These landslides can be classified into eight types,and rockslides are the most common(53.1%).Their distributions are highly asymmetric,with the following notable patterns:(1)the Tsangpo suture zone(53.4%)contains a greater number of landslides than other tectonic units;(2)the landslide size is influenced by the relief and elevation conditions,with positive relationships observed between the local relief and landslide area,as well as between the elevation range and landslide area;and(3)the landslide distribution is not significantly correlated with rainfall,and seasonally frozen ground is associated with a greater concentration of landslides.Alternating slate and shale groups in the Tsangpo suture zone may be the factors responding to landslide concentration.A total of 20.6%of landslide-blocked rivers were observed,with some forming river knickpoints.Due to the limited data,spatial and size analyses are perhaps immature,and further systematic analysis remains necessary.展开更多
Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical b...Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors,yet has not been unraveled.Here we propose an NH_(4)^(+)-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors.Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)–NH_4CF_(3)SO_(3)electrolyte,high-reactive Zn^(2+)and small-hydrate-sized NH_4(H_(2)O))(4)^(+)induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration,thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20%capacity enhancement.Furthermore,cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH_(4)^(+)ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C···H(NH_(4)^(+))charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(H_(2)O)_6^(2+)(5.81 vs.14.90 eV).Consequently,physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity(240 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)),large-current tolerance(130 mAh g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1))and ultralong lifespan(400,000cycles).This study gives new insights into the design of cathode–electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1804501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122056 and U1901210)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515020063)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1111380003)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032).
文摘Coking industry is a potential source of heavy metals(HMs)pollution.However,its impacts to the groundwater of surrounding residential areas have not been well understood.This study investigated the pollution characteristics and health risks of HMs in groundwater nearby a typical coking plant.Nine HMs including Fe,Zn,Mo,As,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb and Cd were analyzed.The average concentration of total HMswas higher in the nearby area(244.27μg/L)than that of remote area away the coking plant(89.15μg/L).The spatial distribution of pollution indices including heavy metal pollution index(HPI),Nemerow index(NI)and contamination degree(CD),all demonstrated higher values at the nearby residential areas,suggesting coking activity could significantly impact the HMs distribution characteristics.Four sources of HMs were identified by Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,which indicated coal washing and coking emission were the dominant sources,accounted for 40.4%,and 31.0%,respectively.Oral ingestionwas found to be the dominant exposure pathway with higher exposure dose to children than adults.Hazard quotient(HQ)values were below 1.0,suggesting negligible non-carcinogenic health risks,while potential carcinogenic risks were from Pb and Ni with cancer risk(CR)values>10−6.Monte Carlo simulation matched well with the calculated results with HMs concentrations to be the most sensitive parameters.This study provides insights into understanding how the industrial coking activities can impact the HMs pollution characteristics in groundwater,thus facilitating the implement of HMs regulation in coking industries.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201161)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST(No.2022r024)。
文摘Since scarce knowledge of soil mercury(Hg)concentrations and risks in the vulnerable Xinjiang,topsoils(0-15 cm)from its typical landscapes were extensively sampled.Topsoil total mercury(THg)concentrations varied broadly between 0.9 and 35.3 ng/g,of which16.8%exceeded the background value of soil Hg for Xinjiang.Topsoil THg concentrations across various landscapes exhibited a declining order:farmland(11.7±6.0 ng/g)>grassland(10.5±8.5 ng/g)>woodland(10.2±8.2 ng/g)>desert(7.0±5.8 ng/g).The average topsoil THg concentration was higher in northwestern Xinjiang(11.3±7.2 ng/g)than that in southeastern Xinjiang(6.3±6.1 ng/g).Relatively high topsoil THg concentrations were observed near the cities with intensive human activities,followed by a gradual decline to the surroundings.The concentrations of topsoil THg were strongly correlated with the contents of total organic carbon(TOC),clay,silty,and sandy,and the distance from each sampling site to its nearest city,suggesting that the variation of topsoil Hg was significantly influenced by TOC content,soil granularity,and anthropogenic Hg emissions.Silty and TOC were the principal affecting factors,explaining 48.7%and 7.9%of the THg variation,respectively.The contamination and potential ecological risk evaluations revealed that topsoils in regions with dense populations were polluted with Hg and contained higher potential ecological risks.The health risk evaluations indicated that exposure risks of topsoil Hg were higher for children than those for adults.Fortunately,topsoil Hg posed acceptable risks to human health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32260275)Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2024ZA033)。
文摘Poyang Lake,China's largest freshwater lake,is a critical wintering ground for most of the global Siberian Grane(Grus leucogeranus)population.However,increasingly prolonged dry seasons have degraded the natural wetlands of Poyang Lake,forcing Siberian Cranes to shift to artificial habitats.From 2015 to 2023,field surveys revealed a substantial increase in the number of Siberian Cranes in artificial habitats,with peak counts reaching 3000individuals,accounting for up to 53%of the species'global population.Satellite telemetry of 13 individuals further confirmed the spatial use of these habitats,highlighting their consistent reliance on artificial sites over multiple years.Seven high-use hotspots were identified outside of Poyang Lake,including two artificial provisioning sites that supported dense foraging flocks for extended periods.Satellite telemetry confirmed this trend,with artificial habitats making up to 64.2%of the occurrence sites in some years.This reliance on artificial habitats was closely linked to the reduced tuber biomass in natural wetlands and low winter water levels in Poyang Lake,which collectively explained 83%of the variance in crane abundance in artificial habitats.Artificial habitat use peaked in December and January,indicating marked seasonal variation.Siberian Cranes also exhibited a pronounced circadian rhythm,foraging in artificial habitats during the day and returning to natural wetlands to roost at night.Despite the shift toward artificial habitats,natural wetlands remain critical for nighttime refuge.The continued dependence on artificial habitats raises concerns about disease transmission owing to dense congregations.Conservation strategies should prioritize both the careful management of artificial provisioning sites and the restoration of natural wetlands to improve food and habitat availability within natural ecosystems,ultimately enabling the return of Siberian Cranes to their traditional natural habitats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078365,22478437)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB076)。
文摘The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surface would lead to unexpected chemoselectivity toward important and challenging reactions.In this work,we have proposed and validated unique Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)enriched Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts prepared by a deposition-precipitation method,for the transfer hydrogenation of lignin-derived guaiacol toward cyclohexanol rather than benzene derivatives.The counter-intuitively designed high Ni loading Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst(20 wt%Ni content)displays a distance of 0.5 nm for Ni/O_(v)pairs with a remarkable activity(TOF:166.5 h^(-1))and 90%+selectivity for C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)bond saturation,outperforming better metal-dispersed Ni_(5)/CeO_(2)catalyst with limited presence of Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)sites.The high hydrogenation activity against hydrogenolysis reactions on Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst is attributed to tunable Ni/O_(v)distances,which constrain the cleavage of CAr-OH bond and deep deoxygenation.Such spatial distribution effect has also facilitated tandem dehydrogenation(O-H bond cleavage)and hydrogenation(C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)hydrogenation)reactions,leading to cyclohexanol as the target product in the absence of externally added H_(2).Insights into spatial distribution of O_(v)sites open an alternative perspective in designing efficient catalysts toward producing value-added cyclic oxygenates through upgrading of lignin compounds.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225605 and 22193051)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200).
文摘Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41907382China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2019M652520Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.201902025。
文摘This paper selects sampling sections for the mainstream and tributaries of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,collects river water and sediment samples during the flood season for pollen analysis,and uses methods such as Geodetector to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of pollen.The results show significant variations in vegetation composition across different watersheds,leading to notable differences in both the percentage and concentration of pollen types.Pollen concentration in river water is generally higher in the mainstream compared to tributaries,while sediment pollen percentage and concentration are typically lower in the mainstream than in tributaries.The concentration of suspended solids is the most significant factor affecting pollen concentration in the Yellow River,with this effect being particularly prominent outside the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge.Abundant coarse sand and rapid flow velocities are likely responsible for the high suspended solids concentration and lower pollen concentration observed in the mainstream of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge.In sediments,clay content is the primary factor influencing pollen concentration,and its interaction with silt and flow velocity has a more prominent influence on pollen concentration.At the Yellow River section below the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge,sediment pollen and clay concentrations significantly increase.The changes in pollen concentration in the river water before and after the reservoir are consistent with the suspended solids concentration,while the changes in sediment pollen concentration are consistent with the clay content.Notably,pollen concentrations in sediments decrease more significantly after passing through a reservoir compared to changes observed in river water samples.Overall,there is a strong correlation between river pollen and topsoil pollen,which can provide a reliable reflection of the broader vegetation landscape of the watershed.The findings can provide support for paleoenvironmental reconstruction using pollen from alluvial sediments or lakes with river inflows.
基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Shandong Meteorological Bureau(2022SDQN11)Science and Technology Research Project of Yantai Meteorological Bureau(2024ytcx07).
文摘Based on the monitoring data of PM 10 concentration from six environmental monitoring stations and the ground meteorological observation data in Yantai City from 2019 to 2021,the spatial and temporal variation of PM 10 concentration and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied.The results show that from the perspective of temporal variation,the annual average of PM 10 concentration in Yantai City tended to decrease year by year.It was high in winter and spring and low in summer and autumn.In terms of monthly variation,the changing curve is U-shaped,and it was high in December and January but low in July and August.During a day,PM 10 concentration had two peaks.The first peak appeared approximately from 09:00 to 11:00,and the second peak can be found from 21:00 to 23:00.From the perspective of spatial distribution,PM 10 concentration was the highest in the development area and Fushan District.It was the highest in the west,followed by the east,while it was the lowest in the middle.The spatial difference rate was the highest in summer.Average temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and precipitation were the main meteorological factors influencing PM 10 concentration in Yantai area.PM 10 concentration was negatively correlated with average temperature and relative humidity,and the correlation was the most significant from June to October.It was negatively correlated with wind speed and precipitation,and the correlation was different in various months.The negative correlation was significant in summer and winter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,41975037,and 42105133)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3703502)+1 种基金the Plan for Anhui Major Provincial Science&Technology Project(No.202203a07020003)Hefei Ecological Environment Bureau Project(No.2020BFFFD01804).
文摘As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limited research in recent years on the spatial-temporal distribution and emission of its atmospheric pollutants.To address this,this study conducted mobile observations of urban roads using the Mobile-DOAS instrument from June 2021 to May 2022.The monitoring results exhibit a favourable consistent with TROPOMI satellite data and ground monitoring station data.Temporally,there were pronounced seasonal variations in air pollutants.Spatially,high concentration of HCHO and NO_(2)were closely associated with traffic congestion on roadways,while heightened SO_(2)levels were attributed to winter heating and industrial emissions.The study also revealed that with the implementation of road policies,the average vehicle speed increased by 95.4%,while the NO concentration decreased by 54.4%.In the estimation of urban NO_(x)emission flux,it was observed that in temporal terms,compared with inventory data,the emissions calculated viamobile measurements exhibitedmore distinct seasonal patterns,with the highest emission rate of 349 g/sec in winter and the lowest of 142 g/sec in summer.In spatial terms,the significant difference in emissions between the inner and outer ring roads also suggests the presence of the city’s primary NO_(x)emission sources in the area between these two rings.This study offers data support for formulating the next phase of air pollution control measures in urban areas.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFE0190100Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mongolian Medicine Standardization Project,No.2023-[MB023]The Earmarked Fund for CARS,No.CARS-21。
文摘Medicinal plant diversity(MPD)is an indispensable part of global plant diversity,serving as the foundation for human survival by offering remedies and preventive measures against diseases.However,factors such as overexploitation,competition from invasive alien species,and climate change,threaten the habitats of medicinal plants,necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their spatial distribution and suitable habitats.We leveraged a decade of field survey data on medicinal plant distribution in the Yinshan Mountains,combined with spatial analysis,species distribution modeling,and the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach(CASA)to explore the MPD spatial distribution and suitable habitats.Spatial analysis revealed that the central and eastern parts of Yinshan Mountains were the primary MPD hotspots,with no cold spots evident at various spatial scales.As the spatial scale decreased,previous non-significant regions transformed into hotspots,with instances where large-scale hotspots became insignificant.These findings offer valuable guidance for safeguarding and nurturing MPD across diverse spatial scales.In future climate change scenarios within the shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP),the habitat suitability for MPD in the Yinshan Mountains predominantly remains concentrated in the central and eastern regions.Notably,areas with high net primary productivity(NPP)values and abundant vegetation coverage align closely with MPD habitat suitability areas,potentially contributing to the region's rich MPD.
基金China Institute of Water Resources and HydropowerResearch(IWHR)Innovative Team for Theoreticaland Technological Research on EcologicalLandscape Construction of Urban and Rural WaterSystems,Grant/Award Number:WE0145B042021。
文摘Located in Nanhai Town,Songzi City,Hubei Province,Xiaonanhai Lake is the largest natural lake in Songzi.It was once severely polluted due to the discharge of urban and rural domestic sewage,disorderly development of agricultural planting,unregulated aquaculture,and poultry farming.However,relevant esti-mations of the pollutant content in its sediment have not been carried out.This study analyzed the spatial patterns of heavy metal pollution and eutrophication at 36 water sampling sites in the Xiaonanhai Lake area,focusing on eight heavy metals:Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,As,Pb,Hg,and Zn.The nutrient status of the lake area was evaluated using the nitrogen-phosphorus comprehensive pollution index,and heavy metal pollution status of the lake area was evaluated using geo-accumulation and the potential ecological risk index.Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed the spatial correlation and aggregation of eutrophication levels in Xiaonanhai Lake.The results showed that the overall trophic state of the Xiaonanhai Lake area was moderate eutrophication,with a gradually decreasing eutrophication level from north to south.The Chengnan Wastewater Treatment Plant in the northern part of the lake area and surface source pollution from aquaculture were the main nitrogen and phosphorus sources.The overall eco-logical risk index of heavy metal pollution was medium and gradually weakened from north to south,consistent with the thickness of the bottom mud.The heavy metal pollution load was mainly precipitated from the bottom mud in the lake area.The eutrophication and heavy metal pollution levels in the lake area showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation,the influence range of the regional eutrophication level was small,and the spatial heterogeneity of the eutrophication and heavy metal pollution levels in Xiaonanhai Lake was relatively high.The northern part of the lake was a hotspot(high/high aggregation)of eutrophication(p<0.01)while the southern part was a cold spot(low/low concentration;p<0.05).The middle and northern part of the lake area was the hot spot(high/high concentration)of heavy metal pollution level(p<0.1)while the southern part was the cold spot(low/low concentration;p<0.1).Therefore,when carrying out water environment management in Xiaonanhai Lake,the northern area and the middle area should be prioritized for eutrophication prevention and control and dredging.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2401301)。
文摘Species distribution patterns is one of the important topics in ecology and biological conservation.Although species distribution models have been intensively used in the research,the effects of spatial associations and spatial dependence have been rarely taken into account in the modeling processes.Recently,Joint Species Distribution Models(JSDMs)offer the opportunity to consider both environmental factors and interspecific relationships as well as the role of spatial structures.This study uses the HMSC(Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities)framework to model the multispecies distribution of a marine fish assemblage,in which spatial associations and spatial dependence is deliberately accounted for.Three HMSC models were implemented with different structures of random effects to address the existence of spatial associations and spatial dependence,and the predictive performances at different levels of sample sizes were analyzed in the assessment.The results showed that the models with random effects could account for a larger proportion of explainable variance(32.8%),and particularly the spatial random effect model provided the best predictive performances(R_(mean)^(2)=0.31),indicating that spatial random effects could substantially influence the results of the joint species distribution.Increasing sample size had a strong effect(R_(mean)^(2)=0.24-0.31)on the predictive accuracy of the spatially-structured model than on the other models,suggesting that optimal model selection should be dependent on sample size.This study highlights the importance of incorporating spatial random effects for JSDM predictions and suggests that the choice of model structures should consider the data quality across species.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130410)the Joint Fund between NSFC and Shandong Province(No.U1906210)。
文摘The concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,and Pb were determined in Doulonggang River,Xinyanggang River,Huangshagang River,Sheyanghe River,Guangaizongqu River,and Linhonghe River at the North of Jiangsu Province in 2019.The annual average concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd and Pb in the six rivers were 2.20,1.22,4.53,21.9,0.13,2.79,1.77,4.00,2.97,3.87,0.01,0.19μg L^(-1)respectively.The highest concentration of most trace metals were found in Guangaizongqu River and Linhonghe River,and the lowest concentration were found in Xinyanggang River and Huangshagang River.The principal component analysis(PCA)resulted of two factors together explained 91.2%of the variance with>1initial eigenvalue,indicating that both natural and anthropogenic activities were contributing factors as the source of metal abundance in rivers of northern Jiangsu Province.The first major component represented the influence of anthropogenic activities,including industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 54.1%,affected Cr,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd and Pb.The second(such as V,Mn,Co,Ni,As)was a mixed source,including the natural processes such as precipitation,erosion and weathering and anthropogenic action like industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 37.1%.Seasonal variations in trace metal concentrations were influenced by temperature,salinity,water discharge,and input of external pollutants.The highest concentrations were found in wet season and were strongly influenced by rainfall and seasonal industrial and agricultural activities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.42272340).
文摘Recurring Slope Lineae(RSL)are seasonally observed dark streaks on the Martian surface that exhibit distinct spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.Exploring their formation mechanisms can deepen our understanding of surface activity on Mars and provide scientific basis for future Mars exploration.This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and formation mechanisms of RSL by reviewing relevant literature and synthesizing various viewpoints and experimental results.RSL typically appear during warm seasons,disappear during cold seasons,and repeat over multiple Martian years.The formation mechanisms can be broadly categorized into three types:dry mode,wet mode,and mixed mode.However,a definitive explanation for the formation of RSL is still lacking,and both the dry and wet models have their respective limitations.It is likely that the formation of RSL is the result of the combined action of multiple mechanisms.The next step should be to search for terrestrial analogs of RSL and conduct research at high spatial and temporal resolutions to understand the forming processes of RSL.
基金funding support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0501900)the Excellent Young Scholar Fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122903)+1 种基金the Tianjin Distinguished Young Scholar Fund(20JCJQJC00260)support from the Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region。
文摘Introducing a stoichiometric excess of lead iodide(PbI_(2))in perovskite films has been demonstrated as an effective passivation strategy that can improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),However,excess PbI_(2)is also known to accelerate the degradation of the perovskite layer.In this study,we show that this degradation primarily stems from the decomposition of PbI_(2)at the bottom of the perovskite film which is exposed to light We further show that when using a two-step spin coating deposition procedure,the excess PbI_(2)results from the decomposition of the perovskite during the annealing process rather than the presence of non-reacted PbI_(2).Finally,we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of PbI_(2)within the perovskite films can be controlled in a way that mitigates the PbI_(2)induced perovskite decomposition.In this manner,we produced devices exhibiting initial power conversion efficiencies over 25%,maintaining 98.6% after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination.These findings offer valuable insights into achieving high performance PSCs through judicious process control using a two-step spin-coating procedure.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42230513)Key Program of the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants (SHJKFJJ 202307)Research Project on Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin,China (2022-YRUC-01-0101)。
文摘Increasing concerns regarding aquatic ecological health and eutrophication driven by urbanization and human activities have highlighted the need to understand primary productivity(PP)dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the spatial distribution of PP across the Weihe River Basin, China using inverse distance weighting and analyzed the influence of different land uses and water physical-chemical parameters on PP using Mantel test and Spearman analysis. Significantly spatial heterogeneity in PP concentrations, ranging from 0.458 to 3262.807 mg C/(m^(2)·d), was observed with high-PP sites clustered in the middle-lower reaches dominated by farmland-construction land mosaics.Core drivers included light availability(Secchi depth and sunlight duration) and phytoplankton biomass(chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)), while water temperature exhibited threshold-dependent effects. Total organic carbon played dual roles, promoting PP concentrations in low-Chl-a regions, but suppressing it under high-Chl-a regions. Dual-scale buffer analysis(500 and 1000 m buffer zones) revealed PP heterogeneity stemed from interactive land use configurations, rather than isolated types. Balanced construction land-to-farmland ratio(0.467–2.890) elevated PP concentrations in human-dominated basins(the main stem of the Weihe River and Jinghe River), whereas excessive agricultural homogenization reduced PP likely due to fertilizer saturation and algal self-shading. Ecologically sensitive basins(the Beiluohe River Basin) demonstrated distinct patterns, in which PP concentration was regulated through natural-agricultural synergies. These results deepened the understanding of land use effects on aquatic PP,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing land use strategies to reconcile eutrophication control with ecological productivity in human-stressed basins.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41961144011)。
文摘Microplastics(MPs)pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental issue,for which rivers serve as key conduits for the transport of MPs from land to ocean.There remained a lack of clarity regarding the characteristics and transport patterns of MPs pollution in diverse environmental media and seasons within a river basin.The Jiulong River basin in Fujian,southeast China was studied as case,whose spatial-temporal distribution,pollution characteristics,and transport dynamics of MPs in both surface water and groundwater were analyzed.Additionally,the features of MPs in different land use types during the dry season were examined.Results show that in wet season,the abundance of MPs in river water varied from 840 to 12300 p/m^(3),with an average of 3920 p/m^(3);in groundwater,the range was 740-1820 p/m^(3),averaging 1107 p/m^(3);and from 68 to 951 p/kg,with an average value of 265 p/kg in the soil(dry weight).In dry season,levels of MPs in river water ranged from 580 to 8880 p/m^(3),with an average of 4034 p/m^(3);groundwater exhibited a range of 860-14980 p/m^(3),averaging 3453 p/m^(3).Fibers consistently dominated the morphology of MPs,of which polyethylene terephthalate was identified as the predominant composition in each environmental medium.Our findings underscore the spatial and temporal variability in distribution and contamination characteristics of MPs across different media.Notably,MPs abundance in river water and groundwater exhibited a seasonal pattern,being higher in levels in dry season than in wet season.The downstream transport of MPs was facilitated by surface runoff,in which MPs in groundwater and surface water could complement to each other.Furthermore,population density and human activities were identified as influential factors on the distribution and abundance of MPs.This study revealed the order of magnitude of difference in annual estimates of MPs entering the sea among different models.Additionally,the interception volume by mangrove forest in the Jiulong River estuary was estimated approximately 1.51×10^(10)MPs particles per year.Ecological interception shall be considered when estimating the fluxes of MPs into the sea.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3012902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42074070)supported by the Huai’an Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Service Center“Salt Cavern Exploration Project”(No.HAZC-2021050155-001)。
文摘Due to the lack of the three-dimensional structure of the Zhaoji Salt Basin,the salt mining enterprises have obvious clustering when choosing sites.Production capacity declines rapidly as mining deepens,and the enterprises are entering a stage of stagnation in production.In this study,a dense seismic array of 125 short-period stations was deployed around the core mining area and its vicinity of the salt mine industry,we used the ambient noise tomography(ANT)method to image the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure at the depth shallower than 3 km.The results indicate:(1)The overall shear wave velocity in the study area is relatively lower,ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 km/s,which could be related to the loose and thick deposition of the Zhaoji sub-depression.(2)The three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure reveals that the sedimentary thickness of the Zhaoji sub-depression is deeper in the southeast and shallower in the northwest,with the sedimentary center located around Heping Town and Dahuangzhuang Town.(3)The Zhaoji salt mine is a low-velocity anomalous zone in the shear wave velocity structure with an inverse‘C'character spreading along Nanchenji Town and Zhaoji Town,with a depth ranging from approximately 1.2 to 2.8 km,it may be caused by the development of rock fissures due to water extraction and injection.The surrounding rock exhibits relatively high velocity,which reflects the morphological characteristics of the Zhaoji Salt Basin.The three-dimensional shear wave velocity model obtained in this study provides scientific guidance for the industrial exploitation of the Zhaoji salt mine and reference for salt exploration of the Hongze Salt Basin.It also provides an important basis for the seismic risk assessment of the salt basins.Simultaneously,it holds significant implications for exploring the application of ambient noise tomography method in spatial detection of salt mine belt.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3008300)the Science and Technology Research Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.IMHE-ZYTS-03 and IMHE-ZDRW-03).
文摘The Yarlung Tsangpo River(YTR),located in the Himalayan orogenic belt,is renowned for its deep gorges and complex tectonic features,as well as its reputation as a landslide-prone region.However,less is known about the distribution of landslides across the entire river basin.To address this gap in knowledge,this study first established a comprehensive landslide inventory across the entire basin using remote sensing mapping and multiple field investigations.Then,a systematic analysis of the spatial and size distributions was conducted.The results indicated that the YTR basin features at least 2390 landslides with areas exceeding 104 m2,spanning a total area and volume of 1087.6 km^(2) and 48.4 km^(3),respectively.These landslides can be classified into eight types,and rockslides are the most common(53.1%).Their distributions are highly asymmetric,with the following notable patterns:(1)the Tsangpo suture zone(53.4%)contains a greater number of landslides than other tectonic units;(2)the landslide size is influenced by the relief and elevation conditions,with positive relationships observed between the local relief and landslide area,as well as between the elevation range and landslide area;and(3)the landslide distribution is not significantly correlated with rainfall,and seasonally frozen ground is associated with a greater concentration of landslides.Alternating slate and shale groups in the Tsangpo suture zone may be the factors responding to landslide concentration.A total of 20.6%of landslide-blocked rivers were observed,with some forming river knickpoints.Due to the limited data,spatial and size analyses are perhaps immature,and further systematic analysis remains necessary.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111 and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300 and 19DZ2271500)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120210529 and 2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Compared with Zn^(2+),the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors,small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH_(4)^(+)is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors,yet has not been unraveled.Here we propose an NH_(4)^(+)-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors.Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)–NH_4CF_(3)SO_(3)electrolyte,high-reactive Zn^(2+)and small-hydrate-sized NH_4(H_(2)O))(4)^(+)induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration,thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20%capacity enhancement.Furthermore,cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH_(4)^(+)ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C···H(NH_(4)^(+))charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(H_(2)O)_6^(2+)(5.81 vs.14.90 eV).Consequently,physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn^(2+)/NH_(4)^(+)in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity(240 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)),large-current tolerance(130 mAh g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1))and ultralong lifespan(400,000cycles).This study gives new insights into the design of cathode–electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.
