Based on the form of the n-dimensional generic power-law potential, the state equation and the heat capacity, the analytical expressions of the Joule-Thomson coefficient （3TC） for an ideal Bose gas are derived in n-...Based on the form of the n-dimensional generic power-law potential, the state equation and the heat capacity, the analytical expressions of the Joule-Thomson coefficient （3TC） for an ideal Bose gas are derived in n-dimensional potential. The effect of the spatial dimension and the external potential on the JTC are discussed, respectively. These results show that： （i） For the free ideal Bose gas, when n/s ≤ 2 （n is the spatial dimension, s is the momentum index in the relation between the energy and the momentum）, and T → Tc （Tc is the critical temperature）, the JTC can obviously improve by means of changing the throttle valve＇s shape and decreasing the spatial dimension of gases. （ii） For the inhomogeneous external potential, the discriminant △= [1 - y∏^ni=1（kT/εi）^1/tiГ（1/ti＋1）] （k is the Boltzmann Constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, ε is the external field＇s energy）, is obtained. The potential makes the JTC increase when △ 〉 0, on the contrary, it makes the JTC decrease when A 〈△. （iii） In the homogenous strong external potential, the JTC gets the maximum on the condition of kTεi〈〈1.展开更多
The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of an extra dimension on a traversable wormhole. Here an earlier study by the author [Phys. Rev. D 98, 064041 (2018)] is extended in several significant ways. To ...The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of an extra dimension on a traversable wormhole. Here an earlier study by the author [Phys. Rev. D 98, 064041 (2018)] is extended in several significant ways. To begin with, the extra spatial dimension is assumed to be time dependent, while the redshift and shape functions, as well as the extra dimension, are functions of both r and l, the respective radial and extra coordinates;the last of these is therefore a function of r, l, and t. The main objective is to determine the conditions that allow the throat of the wormhole to be threaded with ordinary matter (by respecting the null energy condition) and that the same conditions lead to a violation of the null energy condition in the fifth dimension, which is therefore responsible for sustaining the wormhole. The dependence of the extra dimension on l and t is subject to additional conditions that are subsequently analyzed in this paper. Finally, the extra dimension may be extremely small or even curled up.展开更多
Traditional spatial clustering methods have the disadvantage of ＂hardware division＂, and can not describe the physical characteristics of spatial entity effectively. In view of the above, this paper sets forth a gen...Traditional spatial clustering methods have the disadvantage of ＂hardware division＂, and can not describe the physical characteristics of spatial entity effectively. In view of the above, this paper sets forth a general multi-dimensional cloud model, which describes the characteristics of spatial objects more reasonably according to the idea of non-homogeneous and non-symmetry. Based on infrastructures＇ classification and demarcation in Zhanjiang, a detailed interpretation of clustering results is made from the spatial distribution of membership degree of clustering, the comparative study of Fuzzy C-means and a coupled analysis of residential land prices. General multi-dimensional cloud model reflects the integrated char- acteristics of spatial objects better, reveals the spatial distribution of potential information, and realizes spatial division more accurately in complex circumstances. However, due to the complexity of spatial interactions between geographical entities, the generation of cloud model is a specific and challenging task.展开更多
Three high dimensional spatial standardization algorithms are used for diffusion tensor image(DTI)registration,and seven kinds of methods are used to evaluate their performances.Firstly,the template used in this paper...Three high dimensional spatial standardization algorithms are used for diffusion tensor image(DTI)registration,and seven kinds of methods are used to evaluate their performances.Firstly,the template used in this paper was obtained by spatial transformation of 16 subjects by means of tensor-based standardization.Then,high dimensional standardization algorithms for diffusion tensor images,including fractional anisotropy(FA)based diffeomorphic registration algorithm,FA based elastic registration algorithm and tensor-based registration algorithm,were performed.Finally,7 kinds of evaluation methods,including normalized standard deviation,dyadic coherence,diffusion cross-correlation,overlap of eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs,Euclidean distance of diffusion tensor,and Euclidean distance of the deviatoric tensor and deviatoric of tensors,were used to qualitatively compare and summarize the above standardization algorithms.Experimental results revealed that the high-dimensional tensor-based standardization algorithms perform well and can maintain the consistency of anatomical structures.展开更多
The filter made up of two gratings performs as a two-dimensional non-spatial filtering. This paper reports that the volume Bragg gratings are fabricated by interfering two collimated coherent laser beams in photopolym...The filter made up of two gratings performs as a two-dimensional non-spatial filtering. This paper reports that the volume Bragg gratings are fabricated by interfering two collimated coherent laser beams in photopolymer. Diffraction efficiency of a single grating is up to 78% in Bragg＇s condition, then a two-dimensional non-spatial filter, which consists of two volume Bragg gratings and a half-wave plate, enables the laser beam filtered in two dimensions with the diffraction efficiency of 54%. The Bragg＇s condition and effect of polarisation on performances of the two-dimension filter are also discussed.展开更多
A theory of （4＋1）-dimensional gravity is developed on the basis of the teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity. The fundamental gravitational field variables are the five-dimensional vector fields （pe...A theory of （4＋1）-dimensional gravity is developed on the basis of the teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity. The fundamental gravitational field variables are the five-dimensional vector fields （pentad）, defined globally on a manifold M, and gravity is attributed to the torsion. The Lagrangian density is quadratic in the torsion tensor. We then give the exact five-dimensional solution. The solution is a generalization of the familiar Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions of the four-dimensional teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. We also use the definition of the gravitational energy to calculate the energy and the spatial momentum.展开更多
为了实现对城市地下综合管廊全域温度精准、高效、低成本的在线监测,解决分布式光纤温度传感(RDTS,raman distributed temperature sensor)面临的信噪比低、空间分辨率有限、小尺度异常不敏感、数据存储成本高及无法二维监测等技术瓶颈...为了实现对城市地下综合管廊全域温度精准、高效、低成本的在线监测,解决分布式光纤温度传感(RDTS,raman distributed temperature sensor)面临的信噪比低、空间分辨率有限、小尺度异常不敏感、数据存储成本高及无法二维监测等技术瓶颈。本文提出一套RDTS性能提升方法:包括采用GraphSAGE图神经网络的信号降噪方法;结合全变差反卷积与全连接神经网络的空间分辨率提升方法;利用注意力机制与K-Means聚类检测的小尺度异常检测方法;通过隐式神经表示的数据压缩方法;最终基于处理后的一维温度信号,通过特殊布线策略的二维温度场构建方法。该套方法能有效提升RDTS在测量精度、异常检测灵敏度和覆盖维度上的性能,为管廊全域温度监测提供了高准确度、小尺度、低成本的解决方案。展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant No. 2007A02the Science Foundation of Baoji University of Science and Arts of China under Grant No. ZK0914
文摘Based on the form of the n-dimensional generic power-law potential, the state equation and the heat capacity, the analytical expressions of the Joule-Thomson coefficient （3TC） for an ideal Bose gas are derived in n-dimensional potential. The effect of the spatial dimension and the external potential on the JTC are discussed, respectively. These results show that： （i） For the free ideal Bose gas, when n/s ≤ 2 （n is the spatial dimension, s is the momentum index in the relation between the energy and the momentum）, and T → Tc （Tc is the critical temperature）, the JTC can obviously improve by means of changing the throttle valve＇s shape and decreasing the spatial dimension of gases. （ii） For the inhomogeneous external potential, the discriminant △= [1 - y∏^ni=1（kT/εi）^1/tiГ（1/ti＋1）] （k is the Boltzmann Constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, ε is the external field＇s energy）, is obtained. The potential makes the JTC increase when △ 〉 0, on the contrary, it makes the JTC decrease when A 〈△. （iii） In the homogenous strong external potential, the JTC gets the maximum on the condition of kTεi〈〈1.
文摘The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of an extra dimension on a traversable wormhole. Here an earlier study by the author [Phys. Rev. D 98, 064041 (2018)] is extended in several significant ways. To begin with, the extra spatial dimension is assumed to be time dependent, while the redshift and shape functions, as well as the extra dimension, are functions of both r and l, the respective radial and extra coordinates;the last of these is therefore a function of r, l, and t. The main objective is to determine the conditions that allow the throat of the wormhole to be threaded with ordinary matter (by respecting the null energy condition) and that the same conditions lead to a violation of the null energy condition in the fifth dimension, which is therefore responsible for sustaining the wormhole. The dependence of the extra dimension on l and t is subject to additional conditions that are subsequently analyzed in this paper. Finally, the extra dimension may be extremely small or even curled up.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, N0.40971102 Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. KZCX2-YW-322 Special Grant for Postgraduates＇ Scientific Innovation and So- cial Practice in 2008
文摘Traditional spatial clustering methods have the disadvantage of ＂hardware division＂, and can not describe the physical characteristics of spatial entity effectively. In view of the above, this paper sets forth a general multi-dimensional cloud model, which describes the characteristics of spatial objects more reasonably according to the idea of non-homogeneous and non-symmetry. Based on infrastructures＇ classification and demarcation in Zhanjiang, a detailed interpretation of clustering results is made from the spatial distribution of membership degree of clustering, the comparative study of Fuzzy C-means and a coupled analysis of residential land prices. General multi-dimensional cloud model reflects the integrated char- acteristics of spatial objects better, reveals the spatial distribution of potential information, and realizes spatial division more accurately in complex circumstances. However, due to the complexity of spatial interactions between geographical entities, the generation of cloud model is a specific and challenging task.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0100300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61402371,61771369)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2017JM6008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(3102017zy032,3102018zy020)
文摘Three high dimensional spatial standardization algorithms are used for diffusion tensor image(DTI)registration,and seven kinds of methods are used to evaluate their performances.Firstly,the template used in this paper was obtained by spatial transformation of 16 subjects by means of tensor-based standardization.Then,high dimensional standardization algorithms for diffusion tensor images,including fractional anisotropy(FA)based diffeomorphic registration algorithm,FA based elastic registration algorithm and tensor-based registration algorithm,were performed.Finally,7 kinds of evaluation methods,including normalized standard deviation,dyadic coherence,diffusion cross-correlation,overlap of eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs,Euclidean distance of diffusion tensor,and Euclidean distance of the deviatoric tensor and deviatoric of tensors,were used to qualitatively compare and summarize the above standardization algorithms.Experimental results revealed that the high-dimensional tensor-based standardization algorithms perform well and can maintain the consistency of anatomical structures.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Academy of Engineering Physics (NSAF) (Grant No. 10676038)
文摘The filter made up of two gratings performs as a two-dimensional non-spatial filtering. This paper reports that the volume Bragg gratings are fabricated by interfering two collimated coherent laser beams in photopolymer. Diffraction efficiency of a single grating is up to 78% in Bragg＇s condition, then a two-dimensional non-spatial filter, which consists of two volume Bragg gratings and a half-wave plate, enables the laser beam filtered in two dimensions with the diffraction efficiency of 54%. The Bragg＇s condition and effect of polarisation on performances of the two-dimension filter are also discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41201407） Special funding of scientific research for public welfare industry of Ministry o Land and Resources （No. 201111009）
文摘A theory of （4＋1）-dimensional gravity is developed on the basis of the teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity. The fundamental gravitational field variables are the five-dimensional vector fields （pentad）, defined globally on a manifold M, and gravity is attributed to the torsion. The Lagrangian density is quadratic in the torsion tensor. We then give the exact five-dimensional solution. The solution is a generalization of the familiar Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions of the four-dimensional teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. We also use the definition of the gravitational energy to calculate the energy and the spatial momentum.
文摘为了实现对城市地下综合管廊全域温度精准、高效、低成本的在线监测,解决分布式光纤温度传感(RDTS,raman distributed temperature sensor)面临的信噪比低、空间分辨率有限、小尺度异常不敏感、数据存储成本高及无法二维监测等技术瓶颈。本文提出一套RDTS性能提升方法:包括采用GraphSAGE图神经网络的信号降噪方法;结合全变差反卷积与全连接神经网络的空间分辨率提升方法;利用注意力机制与K-Means聚类检测的小尺度异常检测方法;通过隐式神经表示的数据压缩方法;最终基于处理后的一维温度信号,通过特殊布线策略的二维温度场构建方法。该套方法能有效提升RDTS在测量精度、异常检测灵敏度和覆盖维度上的性能,为管廊全域温度监测提供了高准确度、小尺度、低成本的解决方案。
