Take bronze mirror, one can be properly dressed. Take tradition asbronze mirror, we can know some problems of urban planning and designin modern cities. This article is intended to relatively analyse theinadequate spa...Take bronze mirror, one can be properly dressed. Take tradition asbronze mirror, we can know some problems of urban planning and designin modern cities. This article is intended to relatively analyse theinadequate space in modern cities on the basis of the traditional ideas andmeans recaardincf space in 9 aspects in order to seek the ways of reform.展开更多
The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases.No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers,though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several.An...The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases.No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers,though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several.An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems(GIS)reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers,inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge.However,experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers,and two examples are discussed in detail.These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts,and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology.展开更多
Question Answering(QA),the process of computing valid answers to questions formulated in natural language,has recently gained attention in both industry and academia.Translating this idea to the realm of geographic in...Question Answering(QA),the process of computing valid answers to questions formulated in natural language,has recently gained attention in both industry and academia.Translating this idea to the realm of geographic information systems(GIS)may open new opportunities for data scientists.In theory,analysts may simply ask spatial questions to exploit diverse geographic information resources,without a need to know how GIS tools and geodata sets interoperate.In this outlook article,we investigate the scientific challenges of geo-analytical question answering,introducing the problems of unknown answers and indirect QA.Furthermore,we argue why core concepts of spatial information play an important role in addressing this challenge,enabling us to describe analytic potentials,and to compose spatial questions and workflows for generating answers.展开更多
文摘Take bronze mirror, one can be properly dressed. Take tradition asbronze mirror, we can know some problems of urban planning and designin modern cities. This article is intended to relatively analyse theinadequate space in modern cities on the basis of the traditional ideas andmeans recaardincf space in 9 aspects in order to seek the ways of reform.
文摘The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases.No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers,though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several.An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems(GIS)reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers,inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge.However,experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers,and two examples are discussed in detail.These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts,and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(grant agreement no.803498(QuAnGIS)).
文摘Question Answering(QA),the process of computing valid answers to questions formulated in natural language,has recently gained attention in both industry and academia.Translating this idea to the realm of geographic information systems(GIS)may open new opportunities for data scientists.In theory,analysts may simply ask spatial questions to exploit diverse geographic information resources,without a need to know how GIS tools and geodata sets interoperate.In this outlook article,we investigate the scientific challenges of geo-analytical question answering,introducing the problems of unknown answers and indirect QA.Furthermore,we argue why core concepts of spatial information play an important role in addressing this challenge,enabling us to describe analytic potentials,and to compose spatial questions and workflows for generating answers.
