Introduction:Mushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety concern in China.Over the past decade,China has established an effective mushroom poisoning control and prevention system involving government agenc...Introduction:Mushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety concern in China.Over the past decade,China has established an effective mushroom poisoning control and prevention system involving government agencies,clinicians,CDC experts,and mycologists.Methods:Under the system of mushroom poisoning control and prevention,information of mushroom poisoning incidents were systematically collected,with identifing species,detecting toxins,and analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and species diversity.Results:In 2024,the China CDC investigated 599 mushroom poisoning incidents across 28 provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs),involving 1,486 patients and resulting in 13 deaths,with a case fatality rate of 0.87%.The number of cases per incident ranged from 1 to 14(median=2),with 11 incidents involving more than 10 patients.Among these cases,50 patients(including 2 fatalities)from 17 incidents consumed poisonous mushrooms purchased from markets,37 patients from 14 incidents were poisoned after consuming dried mushrooms,and 15 patients from 10 incidents consumed uncooked wild mushrooms.Temporal analysis revealed that mushroom poisoning incidents occurred throughout the year,with the highest frequency between June and October,peaking in June.Geographically,incidents were reported in 28 PLADs,with 13 PLADs reporting more than 10 incidents.Sichuan,Yunnan,Hunan,Guizhou,and Chongqing were the five most affected regions.Deaths were reported in Guizhou(5 deaths),Sichuan(2 deaths),Chongqing(2 deaths),Heilongjiang(2 deaths),Hunan(1 death),and Jiangsu(1 death).A total of 110 poisonous mushroom species causing 7 distinct clinical syndromes were identified,including 8 newly documented poisonous species,bringing the total number of mushroom species involved in poisoning incidents in China to approximately 246 by the end of 2024.The five most lethal mushrooms were Amanita exitialis,A.molliuscula,A.subpallidorosea,Lepiota brunneoincarnata,and Russula subnigricans,each causing 2 deaths.Chlorophyllum molybdites was responsible for the highest number of poisoning incidents(147 incidents affecting 269 patients).Paxillus obscurosporus,which causes hemolysis,was identified in a poisoning incident for the first time.Conclusions:The persistent severity of mushroom poisoning in China underscores the need for continued public education efforts,strengthened market supervision,and enhanced collaboration across departments and disciplines to reduce the incidence of mushroom poisoning.展开更多
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China National Natural Science Foundation of China 32270021.
文摘Introduction:Mushroom poisoning represents a significant food safety concern in China.Over the past decade,China has established an effective mushroom poisoning control and prevention system involving government agencies,clinicians,CDC experts,and mycologists.Methods:Under the system of mushroom poisoning control and prevention,information of mushroom poisoning incidents were systematically collected,with identifing species,detecting toxins,and analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and species diversity.Results:In 2024,the China CDC investigated 599 mushroom poisoning incidents across 28 provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs),involving 1,486 patients and resulting in 13 deaths,with a case fatality rate of 0.87%.The number of cases per incident ranged from 1 to 14(median=2),with 11 incidents involving more than 10 patients.Among these cases,50 patients(including 2 fatalities)from 17 incidents consumed poisonous mushrooms purchased from markets,37 patients from 14 incidents were poisoned after consuming dried mushrooms,and 15 patients from 10 incidents consumed uncooked wild mushrooms.Temporal analysis revealed that mushroom poisoning incidents occurred throughout the year,with the highest frequency between June and October,peaking in June.Geographically,incidents were reported in 28 PLADs,with 13 PLADs reporting more than 10 incidents.Sichuan,Yunnan,Hunan,Guizhou,and Chongqing were the five most affected regions.Deaths were reported in Guizhou(5 deaths),Sichuan(2 deaths),Chongqing(2 deaths),Heilongjiang(2 deaths),Hunan(1 death),and Jiangsu(1 death).A total of 110 poisonous mushroom species causing 7 distinct clinical syndromes were identified,including 8 newly documented poisonous species,bringing the total number of mushroom species involved in poisoning incidents in China to approximately 246 by the end of 2024.The five most lethal mushrooms were Amanita exitialis,A.molliuscula,A.subpallidorosea,Lepiota brunneoincarnata,and Russula subnigricans,each causing 2 deaths.Chlorophyllum molybdites was responsible for the highest number of poisoning incidents(147 incidents affecting 269 patients).Paxillus obscurosporus,which causes hemolysis,was identified in a poisoning incident for the first time.Conclusions:The persistent severity of mushroom poisoning in China underscores the need for continued public education efforts,strengthened market supervision,and enhanced collaboration across departments and disciplines to reduce the incidence of mushroom poisoning.
