Multicriteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)has been integrated with GIS modelling by many studies to aid the decision-making process.This integration enhances modelling by incorporating spatial relationships and using advan...Multicriteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)has been integrated with GIS modelling by many studies to aid the decision-making process.This integration enhances modelling by incorporating spatial relationships and using advanced techniques,including the combination of Frequency Ratio(FR)and Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP),also known as FR-AHP.Although methods like Two-Steps Floating Catchment Area(2SFCA),AHP,and FR are widely applied in measuring accessibility,they have limitations in terms of threshold sensitivity and subjectivity.Hence,this study used FR-AHP,which combines the data-driven strength of FR and the structured decision-making technique of AHP to provide a more reliable evaluation of spatial accessibility.This study aims to integrate FR-AHP with GIS to derive campus spatial accessibility in Shah Alam.Campus spatial accessibility can be measured by using location and distance between origin and destination,topological accessibility for nodes and paths,and contiguous accessibility for surfaces.Understanding these concepts is crucial for determining the appropriate technique.This study utilizedMCDA,GIS-basedFR,andAHPmethods tomodel spatial accessibility in activemobility andpublic transport areas,calculating estimation index values and analyzing comparisons between physical factors.A sample survey was conducted among the university’s students to gather information on their origin and destination,as well as the type of transportation used by students.The data were used in calculating the weightage of each physical factor using the FR-AHP method.Then,the Campus Spatial Accessibility Index(CSAI)was determined by using GIS IndexModelling.By using the model,the index was classified into five(5)classes from Very Low to Very High.The results show that Section 2 has the highest accessibility,while the area with the lowest accessibility index is Jalan Zamrud and Jalan Permata,located in Section 7.To analyze the efficiency of FR-AHP,the CSAI was also derived using theweightage derived fromFR only.The comparisons revealed that the results derived using FR-AHP are closer to reality than those derived using FR only,as it incorporates human preferences in accessibility.Hence,the findings suggest that the integration of FR-AHP could provide better CSAI than FR only.展开更多
This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making fo...This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making for planning.Using the case of Nanjing,China,this study developed a method to evaluate the accessibility of shopping malls by three transport modes(car traffic,public transit,and bicycle).Specially,we divide the urban space into a regular hexagonal grid and harvest the total travel time from each of 7204 hexagon centroids to each of 129 shopping malls using the Baidu Internet map.The door-to-door travel time approach is used to evaluate all travel stages(walking,waiting,transfer,and transportation)based on travel time calculations.We further divide the shopping malls into two levels(super-regional and regional)based on the Dianping App’s information and develop the indicator of accessibility to shopping malls:the number of shopping malls within tolerance time thresholds and apply the closest facility and cumulative opportunities methods to measure accessibility scores.The results show that the accessibility estimations vary greatly with transport modes.The accessibility of shopping malls presents a concentric ring trend centered on the city center under the car traffic and bicycle modes.And public transit accessibility tends to axially extend due to the topology of bus routes and metro lines.In particular,we observe that the accessibility of shopping malls in Nanjing has an uneven spatial distribution pattern,with high accessibility values in the central urban areas and lots of underserved areas in urban fringe regions.Based on the accessibility measurements,we finally map the poor accessibility area and propose corresponding implications for urban planning.展开更多
A novel hedonic model based on spatial accessibility is proposed.This model changes the traditional planar hedonic model from two dimensional to three dimensional(3 D).A 3 D model through space syntax and quantum geog...A novel hedonic model based on spatial accessibility is proposed.This model changes the traditional planar hedonic model from two dimensional to three dimensional(3 D).A 3 D model through space syntax and quantum geographic information system platform was developed.Then,this model was tested through an analysis of 174 residential areas in Tianjin’s central district.Accordingly,the impact of 3 D location characteristics on the property value was examined.The results suggest a positive correlation between spatial accessibility and property value on a city-wide scale.Mass transit may exert negative influences,such as traffic noise and air pollution.On submarket scales,the property value may be influenced by urban functions,historical background,and street layout.The negative correlation between the bedroom number and price reflects a higher real estate market investment value in the Heping District and the high demand for small and medium-sized houses in the Hongqiao and Hedong Districts.This study provides insights for improving neighborhood plans and housing design,and policy making concerned with promoting balanced progress of social,economic,and spatial priorities.展开更多
Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all t...Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT(Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI(Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also because of their proximity to other disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, it is urgently needed to increase the medical facilities in the suburban areas, to take into account migrants' demands and to reduce residential segregation between local residents and migrants for local governments to achieve the goal of equalization of medical care service.展开更多
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-i...Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-increasing expansion of urban areas and population growth,there is a need to regularly examine the pattern of accessibility of basic amenities across regions,States and urban areas.This study examined geographic access to Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF)in Nigeria using the combination of open data and geospatial analysis techniques.Thus,showcasing an approach can be replicated across different regions in Sub-Saharan Africa due to issues of information gap.Data on elevation,location of health care facilities,population and network data were utilised.The result shows that PHCF aggregate at certain locations,e.g.major urban agglomerations,and transit route leading to these places.High concentrations are found in the capital city.The average travel time to the nearest PHCF is about 14 min(Standard Deviation±13.30 min)while the maximum is about 2 hours.Pockets of low accessibility areas exist across the Akwa Ibom State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.There is an indication that most places have good geographic access.Across the 1787 settlements identified in our dataset,98.3%are with good access(<30 min),27 settlements are located in the poor access class(31–60 min),while two settlements are within the very poor access class(>60 min).Geographic access is not the main limiting factor to health care access in the region.Therefore,computation of access to health care should take into consideration other dimensions of accessibility,to create a robust measure which will support effective and efficient health care planning and delivery.展开更多
Based on land use classification data of remote sensing images, using kernel density, the minimal cumulative resistance model of road traffic accessibility, and a logistic regression model, the characteristics of the ...Based on land use classification data of remote sensing images, using kernel density, the minimal cumulative resistance model of road traffic accessibility, and a logistic regression model, the characteristics of the spatial pattern and the main factors influencing it were quantitatively examined in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2013. The framework of the research concerning rural settlement evolution and its effect mechanisms were also discussed and generalized for the future. The results are as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements showed spatial directivity of low altitude, low slope, and adjacent to rivers, as well as to villages and towns; thus a special pattern was formed, which was dense on the plains, sparse in mountainous areas, and included two core high density regions of rural settlements in the Chaoshan plain in the east and the Zhanjiang plain tableland region in the west. The spatial distribution of rural settlements was located along the rivers, valleys, and roads with traffic in the mountainous regions surrounding the Pearl River Delta region.(2) In addition to the spatial orientation of the open road, it was important to show that the accessibility of road traffic to the township has had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. The connected transport network between towns and villages is significant for rural transformation as a comprehensive increase in township production and service capacity will be the key to optimizing the town-village system in rural areas.(3) Elevation and slope were two basic but influential factors that have affected the distribution, scale, and form of rural settlements. The attributes of the physical geography are the first elements in optimizing village layout and planning spatial reconstruction.(4) In the current Internet and social media era, the reconstruction of market network system orders connects with the global market network system in rural areas. The rural life service circle will be constructed with the township at its core to explore the theory and practice of spatial reconstruction, including its production, life and ecology, and socio-cultural heritage and protection. It will also allow for exploration of the rural settlements' evolution, rural spatial production, rural social networks, group behavior, social autonomy, and social and cultural fields, which will bethe core focus of China's rural spatial reconstruction research against a background of globalization.展开更多
Based on geographic information system(GIS) spatial analysis technology, the spatial pattern of raster grid transport accessibility for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area was studied and the states of spat...Based on geographic information system(GIS) spatial analysis technology, the spatial pattern of raster grid transport accessibility for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area was studied and the states of spatial connectedness were simulated using highway passenger transport, railway passenger transport, port passenger transport and aviation passenger transport data. The result shows that transport accessibility within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area costs ‘one hour’ and the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area presents clear ‘core-periphery’ spatial characteristics, with Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen constituting the core. The transport accessibility of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao is high. Average accessibility of urban nodes as measured by travel time is 0.99 h, and the areas accessible within 1.42 h occupy 79.14% of the total area. Most of the areas with the lowest accessibility are found in the peripheral area, with the worst accessibility being 4.73 h. Compared with the west-side cities, the economically developed east-side cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area have higher connectivity with roads, railways, ports, and aviation transport. Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao are closely linked. The higher the accessibility, the closer the intercity connectedness.展开更多
The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) eme...The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) emerges as an important trend for a solution to this problem. Spectrum sensing is a crucial function in a CR system. Cooperative spectrum sensing can overcome fading and shadowing effects, and hence increase the reliability of primary user detection. In this paper we consider a system model of a dedicated detect-andforward wireless sensor network (DetF WSN) for cooperative spectrum sensing with k-out-of-n decision fusion in the presence of reporting channels errors. Using this model we consider the design of a spatial reuse media access control (MAC) protocol based on TDMA/OFDMA to resolve conflicts and conserve resources for intra-WSN communication. The influence of the MAC protocol on spectrum sensing performance of the WSN is a key consideration. Two design approaches, using greedy and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithms, are considered in detail. Performance results assuming a grid network in a Rician fading environment are presented for the two design approaches.展开更多
As an important component of China’ transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social developm...As an important component of China’ transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.展开更多
Pharmaceutical services contribute to the rational use of medicines by ensuring the provision of appropriate, safe and effective pharmacotherapies. Thus, it is important to investigate whether the geographical distrib...Pharmaceutical services contribute to the rational use of medicines by ensuring the provision of appropriate, safe and effective pharmacotherapies. Thus, it is important to investigate whether the geographical distribution of pharmacies causes inequalities in access in countries like Brazil, where there is no federal law regulating the opening of new establishments (in contrast to many European countries). This study analyzed the accessibility of community pharmacies in the city of Sao Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The authors obtained the geographical coordinates of pharmacies and healthfacilities, which scanned and georeferenced the study area. The 40 pharmacies included in the spatial analysis presented a heterogeneous distribution, with the existence of neighborhoods with an accumulation of pharmacies and others with no pharmacies. The authors found that only 43.7% of the study area received pharmaceutical service coverage, when buffer zones of 350 meters are incorporated, and that most of the districts have a minimum distance of 100 meters between health facilities and pharmacies. It was concluded that the use of GIS proved to be very suitable for analysis of pharmaceutical services, enabling knowledge of the local situation and serving as a stimulus for future studies.展开更多
Accessibility is an important tool</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;&qu...Accessibility is an important tool</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the maturity of a regional traffic network structure</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">describes the traffic convenience in the traffic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> network. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The paper defines a new accessibility index by using the resident pop</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ulation weighted average value of the sum of inverse of the traveling time </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">distance and time threshold coming from ordinary traffic network, and then uses this accessibility index to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of Henan highway network, as well as its evolution patterns from 2005 to 2020. The results show that with the expansion and improvement of Henan highway network, city accessibility level has been significantly improved, spatial convergence is obvious, the cities in the north central are always High-High aggregation area, the cities in the south are always Low-Low aggregation area, gradually forming the characteristics of Northwest high and Southeast low, relative balance between East and West. There is some non-conforming phenomenon in highway mileage growth and improvement of the city accessibility levels, but this situation is being weakened, the highway network layout is gradually rationalized, the spatial distribution of city accessibility and that of population are beginning to converge.展开更多
This paper calculated spatial accessibility of all counties （city,urban district） in China with cost weighted distance method. Region divisions of county accessibility were conducted,and relation of traffic accessib...This paper calculated spatial accessibility of all counties （city,urban district） in China with cost weighted distance method. Region divisions of county accessibility were conducted,and relation of traffic accessibility and population aggregation was discussed in this paper. The results indicated that county accessibility in China had mainly low values and a distribution structure of circle layer and reverse-to-natural gradient. There was an obvious correlation between county accessibility and population density in China. With these analyses,inner mechanisms of population migration in different traffic conditions and region types were revealed,and can provide useful proposals to regional planning,traffic planning and smart distribution of people in China.展开更多
该文运用空间分析工具和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS),探究了山东大学体育场所的空间分布与可达性情况,以期为山东大学体育设施的规划与建设提供参考和建议。研究结果表明:山东大学体育场所总体数量较少,分布不均衡,呈现...该文运用空间分析工具和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS),探究了山东大学体育场所的空间分布与可达性情况,以期为山东大学体育设施的规划与建设提供参考和建议。研究结果表明:山东大学体育场所总体数量较少,分布不均衡,呈现出以中心市区为最为集中、周边县区为补充的格局。同时,城市建成区或主城区域的体育场所的空间可达性较好,而城市郊区体育场所的可达性较差。针对以上问题,本研究提出了进一步提升体育设施的服务均等性、优化体育场所类型结构、优化财政分配多渠道集资的优化策略。以翼能为新时期山东大学体育场所的科学布局和合理运用提供参考,也为优化地方体育服务发展水平提供意见和建议。展开更多
为提升崇左市旅游资源利用效率,实现旅游业的科学规划与可持续发展,文章基于旅游资源兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)数据,运用最邻近指数测度空间集聚程度、核密度分析识别资源分布热点、双变量空间自相关分析及栅格成本叠加分析等方法...为提升崇左市旅游资源利用效率,实现旅游业的科学规划与可持续发展,文章基于旅游资源兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)数据,运用最邻近指数测度空间集聚程度、核密度分析识别资源分布热点、双变量空间自相关分析及栅格成本叠加分析等方法多维度探究崇左市旅游资源的空间分布格局、关联特征及其可达性情况。结果表明:1)崇左市旅游资源均表现为显著的空间集聚特征,集聚程度由高到低依次为美食餐饮、酒店住宿、休闲娱乐、风景名胜。2)各旅游资源的空间连续性较弱,总体呈现“多核并驱”的空间分布格局。3)各类旅游资源的空间关联均为正相关关系,但显著性水平较低。4)崇左市总体资源可达性较好,基本可在3.00 h内到达旅游资源点;在可达性的县际差异中,凭祥市在县域中可达性最好,宁明县、天等县可达性最差;以乡镇为基本单元的平均可达性差异较大,中心城镇、西部、东部乡镇的平均可达性好,南部、北部边缘地区乡镇可达性较差。基于上述研究结论,建议激活冷点区旅游活力,促进食宿游协调布局,升级交通基础设施提高可达性。展开更多
In Mali,access to healthcare is a major concern.It has been a national priority since the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978.Since then,major efforts have been made by the State and its partners to achieve this objective.Th...In Mali,access to healthcare is a major concern.It has been a national priority since the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978.Since then,major efforts have been made by the State and its partners to achieve this objective.These efforts appear insufficient in the Bougouni health district,wheremore than half the population is still far frombasic health services.Given this situation,it is essential to assess geographical accessibility to healthcare to identify the localities that have been left behind,hence the purpose of this research in the Bougouni District.Three types of data were used:the size of the population,the location of community health centers and the road network.Two consecutive stages summarize the approach used,the improved two-stage floating attraction area method(E2SFCA)was used to measure the spatial dimension of accessibility to health services.It was supplemented by spatial autocorrelation analyses,particularly the local Moran index,to detect clusters of localities with low or high spatial accessibility values.The results reveal strong spatial disparities in access to primary healthcare within and between communes and at the same time call into question the effectiveness of the policy of geographical coverage of the population in terms of basic healthcare.They also highlight the demographic pressure on existing health services and suggest ways of significantly improving geographical access to health services.展开更多
文摘Multicriteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)has been integrated with GIS modelling by many studies to aid the decision-making process.This integration enhances modelling by incorporating spatial relationships and using advanced techniques,including the combination of Frequency Ratio(FR)and Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP),also known as FR-AHP.Although methods like Two-Steps Floating Catchment Area(2SFCA),AHP,and FR are widely applied in measuring accessibility,they have limitations in terms of threshold sensitivity and subjectivity.Hence,this study used FR-AHP,which combines the data-driven strength of FR and the structured decision-making technique of AHP to provide a more reliable evaluation of spatial accessibility.This study aims to integrate FR-AHP with GIS to derive campus spatial accessibility in Shah Alam.Campus spatial accessibility can be measured by using location and distance between origin and destination,topological accessibility for nodes and paths,and contiguous accessibility for surfaces.Understanding these concepts is crucial for determining the appropriate technique.This study utilizedMCDA,GIS-basedFR,andAHPmethods tomodel spatial accessibility in activemobility andpublic transport areas,calculating estimation index values and analyzing comparisons between physical factors.A sample survey was conducted among the university’s students to gather information on their origin and destination,as well as the type of transportation used by students.The data were used in calculating the weightage of each physical factor using the FR-AHP method.Then,the Campus Spatial Accessibility Index(CSAI)was determined by using GIS IndexModelling.By using the model,the index was classified into five(5)classes from Very Low to Very High.The results show that Section 2 has the highest accessibility,while the area with the lowest accessibility index is Jalan Zamrud and Jalan Permata,located in Section 7.To analyze the efficiency of FR-AHP,the CSAI was also derived using theweightage derived fromFR only.The comparisons revealed that the results derived using FR-AHP are closer to reality than those derived using FR only,as it incorporates human preferences in accessibility.Hence,the findings suggest that the integration of FR-AHP could provide better CSAI than FR only.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571377)。
文摘This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility,as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making for planning.Using the case of Nanjing,China,this study developed a method to evaluate the accessibility of shopping malls by three transport modes(car traffic,public transit,and bicycle).Specially,we divide the urban space into a regular hexagonal grid and harvest the total travel time from each of 7204 hexagon centroids to each of 129 shopping malls using the Baidu Internet map.The door-to-door travel time approach is used to evaluate all travel stages(walking,waiting,transfer,and transportation)based on travel time calculations.We further divide the shopping malls into two levels(super-regional and regional)based on the Dianping App’s information and develop the indicator of accessibility to shopping malls:the number of shopping malls within tolerance time thresholds and apply the closest facility and cumulative opportunities methods to measure accessibility scores.The results show that the accessibility estimations vary greatly with transport modes.The accessibility of shopping malls presents a concentric ring trend centered on the city center under the car traffic and bicycle modes.And public transit accessibility tends to axially extend due to the topology of bus routes and metro lines.In particular,we observe that the accessibility of shopping malls in Nanjing has an uneven spatial distribution pattern,with high accessibility values in the central urban areas and lots of underserved areas in urban fringe regions.Based on the accessibility measurements,we finally map the poor accessibility area and propose corresponding implications for urban planning.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078329)。
文摘A novel hedonic model based on spatial accessibility is proposed.This model changes the traditional planar hedonic model from two dimensional to three dimensional(3 D).A 3 D model through space syntax and quantum geographic information system platform was developed.Then,this model was tested through an analysis of 174 residential areas in Tianjin’s central district.Accordingly,the impact of 3 D location characteristics on the property value was examined.The results suggest a positive correlation between spatial accessibility and property value on a city-wide scale.Mass transit may exert negative influences,such as traffic noise and air pollution.On submarket scales,the property value may be influenced by urban functions,historical background,and street layout.The negative correlation between the bedroom number and price reflects a higher real estate market investment value in the Heping District and the high demand for small and medium-sized houses in the Hongqiao and Hedong Districts.This study provides insights for improving neighborhood plans and housing design,and policy making concerned with promoting balanced progress of social,economic,and spatial priorities.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701151)MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.17YJCZH256)Doctoral Project of Tianjin Normal University(No.52XB1621)
文摘Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT(Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI(Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also because of their proximity to other disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, it is urgently needed to increase the medical facilities in the suburban areas, to take into account migrants' demands and to reduce residential segregation between local residents and migrants for local governments to achieve the goal of equalization of medical care service.
文摘Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-increasing expansion of urban areas and population growth,there is a need to regularly examine the pattern of accessibility of basic amenities across regions,States and urban areas.This study examined geographic access to Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF)in Nigeria using the combination of open data and geospatial analysis techniques.Thus,showcasing an approach can be replicated across different regions in Sub-Saharan Africa due to issues of information gap.Data on elevation,location of health care facilities,population and network data were utilised.The result shows that PHCF aggregate at certain locations,e.g.major urban agglomerations,and transit route leading to these places.High concentrations are found in the capital city.The average travel time to the nearest PHCF is about 14 min(Standard Deviation±13.30 min)while the maximum is about 2 hours.Pockets of low accessibility areas exist across the Akwa Ibom State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.There is an indication that most places have good geographic access.Across the 1787 settlements identified in our dataset,98.3%are with good access(<30 min),27 settlements are located in the poor access class(31–60 min),while two settlements are within the very poor access class(>60 min).Geographic access is not the main limiting factor to health care access in the region.Therefore,computation of access to health care should take into consideration other dimensions of accessibility,to create a robust measure which will support effective and efficient health care planning and delivery.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41401190,No.41871177,No.41801088Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.201707010097
文摘Based on land use classification data of remote sensing images, using kernel density, the minimal cumulative resistance model of road traffic accessibility, and a logistic regression model, the characteristics of the spatial pattern and the main factors influencing it were quantitatively examined in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2013. The framework of the research concerning rural settlement evolution and its effect mechanisms were also discussed and generalized for the future. The results are as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements showed spatial directivity of low altitude, low slope, and adjacent to rivers, as well as to villages and towns; thus a special pattern was formed, which was dense on the plains, sparse in mountainous areas, and included two core high density regions of rural settlements in the Chaoshan plain in the east and the Zhanjiang plain tableland region in the west. The spatial distribution of rural settlements was located along the rivers, valleys, and roads with traffic in the mountainous regions surrounding the Pearl River Delta region.(2) In addition to the spatial orientation of the open road, it was important to show that the accessibility of road traffic to the township has had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. The connected transport network between towns and villages is significant for rural transformation as a comprehensive increase in township production and service capacity will be the key to optimizing the town-village system in rural areas.(3) Elevation and slope were two basic but influential factors that have affected the distribution, scale, and form of rural settlements. The attributes of the physical geography are the first elements in optimizing village layout and planning spatial reconstruction.(4) In the current Internet and social media era, the reconstruction of market network system orders connects with the global market network system in rural areas. The rural life service circle will be constructed with the township at its core to explore the theory and practice of spatial reconstruction, including its production, life and ecology, and socio-cultural heritage and protection. It will also allow for exploration of the rural settlements' evolution, rural spatial production, rural social networks, group behavior, social autonomy, and social and cultural fields, which will bethe core focus of China's rural spatial reconstruction research against a background of globalization.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41671160,41701169)
文摘Based on geographic information system(GIS) spatial analysis technology, the spatial pattern of raster grid transport accessibility for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area was studied and the states of spatial connectedness were simulated using highway passenger transport, railway passenger transport, port passenger transport and aviation passenger transport data. The result shows that transport accessibility within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area costs ‘one hour’ and the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area presents clear ‘core-periphery’ spatial characteristics, with Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen constituting the core. The transport accessibility of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao is high. Average accessibility of urban nodes as measured by travel time is 0.99 h, and the areas accessible within 1.42 h occupy 79.14% of the total area. Most of the areas with the lowest accessibility are found in the peripheral area, with the worst accessibility being 4.73 h. Compared with the west-side cities, the economically developed east-side cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area have higher connectivity with roads, railways, ports, and aviation transport. Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao are closely linked. The higher the accessibility, the closer the intercity connectedness.
文摘The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) emerges as an important trend for a solution to this problem. Spectrum sensing is a crucial function in a CR system. Cooperative spectrum sensing can overcome fading and shadowing effects, and hence increase the reliability of primary user detection. In this paper we consider a system model of a dedicated detect-andforward wireless sensor network (DetF WSN) for cooperative spectrum sensing with k-out-of-n decision fusion in the presence of reporting channels errors. Using this model we consider the design of a spatial reuse media access control (MAC) protocol based on TDMA/OFDMA to resolve conflicts and conserve resources for intra-WSN communication. The influence of the MAC protocol on spectrum sensing performance of the WSN is a key consideration. Two design approaches, using greedy and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithms, are considered in detail. Performance results assuming a grid network in a Rician fading environment are presented for the two design approaches.
基金jointly sponsored by Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Research Center of Sichuan County Economy Developmentthe financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41571523,41661144038,41671152)+1 种基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2014BAC05B01)the Major Base Planning Projects of Sichuan Social Science(Grants No.SC18EZD050)
文摘As an important component of China’ transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.
文摘Pharmaceutical services contribute to the rational use of medicines by ensuring the provision of appropriate, safe and effective pharmacotherapies. Thus, it is important to investigate whether the geographical distribution of pharmacies causes inequalities in access in countries like Brazil, where there is no federal law regulating the opening of new establishments (in contrast to many European countries). This study analyzed the accessibility of community pharmacies in the city of Sao Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The authors obtained the geographical coordinates of pharmacies and healthfacilities, which scanned and georeferenced the study area. The 40 pharmacies included in the spatial analysis presented a heterogeneous distribution, with the existence of neighborhoods with an accumulation of pharmacies and others with no pharmacies. The authors found that only 43.7% of the study area received pharmaceutical service coverage, when buffer zones of 350 meters are incorporated, and that most of the districts have a minimum distance of 100 meters between health facilities and pharmacies. It was concluded that the use of GIS proved to be very suitable for analysis of pharmaceutical services, enabling knowledge of the local situation and serving as a stimulus for future studies.
文摘Accessibility is an important tool</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the maturity of a regional traffic network structure</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">describes the traffic convenience in the traffic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> network. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The paper defines a new accessibility index by using the resident pop</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ulation weighted average value of the sum of inverse of the traveling time </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">distance and time threshold coming from ordinary traffic network, and then uses this accessibility index to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of Henan highway network, as well as its evolution patterns from 2005 to 2020. The results show that with the expansion and improvement of Henan highway network, city accessibility level has been significantly improved, spatial convergence is obvious, the cities in the north central are always High-High aggregation area, the cities in the south are always Low-Low aggregation area, gradually forming the characteristics of Northwest high and Southeast low, relative balance between East and West. There is some non-conforming phenomenon in highway mileage growth and improvement of the city accessibility levels, but this situation is being weakened, the highway network layout is gradually rationalized, the spatial distribution of city accessibility and that of population are beginning to converge.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40871261 No.40971101 The Mega-project of Science and Technology Research for the 11th Five-Year Plan of China, No.2006BAJ05A06
文摘This paper calculated spatial accessibility of all counties （city,urban district） in China with cost weighted distance method. Region divisions of county accessibility were conducted,and relation of traffic accessibility and population aggregation was discussed in this paper. The results indicated that county accessibility in China had mainly low values and a distribution structure of circle layer and reverse-to-natural gradient. There was an obvious correlation between county accessibility and population density in China. With these analyses,inner mechanisms of population migration in different traffic conditions and region types were revealed,and can provide useful proposals to regional planning,traffic planning and smart distribution of people in China.
文摘该文运用空间分析工具和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS),探究了山东大学体育场所的空间分布与可达性情况,以期为山东大学体育设施的规划与建设提供参考和建议。研究结果表明:山东大学体育场所总体数量较少,分布不均衡,呈现出以中心市区为最为集中、周边县区为补充的格局。同时,城市建成区或主城区域的体育场所的空间可达性较好,而城市郊区体育场所的可达性较差。针对以上问题,本研究提出了进一步提升体育设施的服务均等性、优化体育场所类型结构、优化财政分配多渠道集资的优化策略。以翼能为新时期山东大学体育场所的科学布局和合理运用提供参考,也为优化地方体育服务发展水平提供意见和建议。
文摘为提升崇左市旅游资源利用效率,实现旅游业的科学规划与可持续发展,文章基于旅游资源兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)数据,运用最邻近指数测度空间集聚程度、核密度分析识别资源分布热点、双变量空间自相关分析及栅格成本叠加分析等方法多维度探究崇左市旅游资源的空间分布格局、关联特征及其可达性情况。结果表明:1)崇左市旅游资源均表现为显著的空间集聚特征,集聚程度由高到低依次为美食餐饮、酒店住宿、休闲娱乐、风景名胜。2)各旅游资源的空间连续性较弱,总体呈现“多核并驱”的空间分布格局。3)各类旅游资源的空间关联均为正相关关系,但显著性水平较低。4)崇左市总体资源可达性较好,基本可在3.00 h内到达旅游资源点;在可达性的县际差异中,凭祥市在县域中可达性最好,宁明县、天等县可达性最差;以乡镇为基本单元的平均可达性差异较大,中心城镇、西部、东部乡镇的平均可达性好,南部、北部边缘地区乡镇可达性较差。基于上述研究结论,建议激活冷点区旅游活力,促进食宿游协调布局,升级交通基础设施提高可达性。
文摘In Mali,access to healthcare is a major concern.It has been a national priority since the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978.Since then,major efforts have been made by the State and its partners to achieve this objective.These efforts appear insufficient in the Bougouni health district,wheremore than half the population is still far frombasic health services.Given this situation,it is essential to assess geographical accessibility to healthcare to identify the localities that have been left behind,hence the purpose of this research in the Bougouni District.Three types of data were used:the size of the population,the location of community health centers and the road network.Two consecutive stages summarize the approach used,the improved two-stage floating attraction area method(E2SFCA)was used to measure the spatial dimension of accessibility to health services.It was supplemented by spatial autocorrelation analyses,particularly the local Moran index,to detect clusters of localities with low or high spatial accessibility values.The results reveal strong spatial disparities in access to primary healthcare within and between communes and at the same time call into question the effectiveness of the policy of geographical coverage of the population in terms of basic healthcare.They also highlight the demographic pressure on existing health services and suggest ways of significantly improving geographical access to health services.
