Brain-derived paralysis is a disease dominated by limb paralysis caused by various brain diseases.The damage of upper motor neurons can lead to spastic paralysis of the limbs in different parts.If it cannot be treated...Brain-derived paralysis is a disease dominated by limb paralysis caused by various brain diseases.The damage of upper motor neurons can lead to spastic paralysis of the limbs in different parts.If it cannot be treated in time and effectively,it will severely affect the motor function and ability of daily living.Treating limb spastic dysfunction in patients with brain-derived paralysis is a global problem.Presently,there are many alternative surgical methods.This article mainly reviews the treatment of limb spastic dysfunction with brain-derived paralysis,focusing on three aspects:limb spasmolysis,orthopedics,and functional reconstruction.Among them,the transposition of the peripheral nerve helps limb function with spastic paralysis and can effectively alleviate limb spasticity.展开更多
Background To compare the efficacy of two different concepts of cisternal therapy—PREVENTIVE fibrinolysis plus on-demand spasmolysis versus RESCUE spasmolysis—for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm(CVS)and delayed...Background To compare the efficacy of two different concepts of cisternal therapy—PREVENTIVE fibrinolysis plus on-demand spasmolysis versus RESCUE spasmolysis—for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm(CVS)and delayed cerebral infarction(DCI)in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage(aSAH).Methods Retrospective analysis of 84 aSAH patients selected for cisternal therapy for DCI prevention.66 high-risk patients received PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy to enhance blood clearance.Either stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy(STX-VCS)or intraoperative placement of a cisterno-ventriculostomy catheter(CVC),followed by fibrinolytic cisternal lavage using urokinase was performed.In case of vasospasm,nimodipine was applied intrathecally.22 low-risk patients who developed CVS against expectations were selected for STX-VCS as RESCUE intervention for cisternal spasmolysis with nimodipine.Rates of DCI and mean flow velocities of daily transcranial Doppler(TCD)ultrasonographies were evaluated.Results Despite a higher prespecified DCI risk,patients selected for PREVENTIVE intervention primarily aiming at blood clearance had a lower DCI rate compared with patients selected for intrathecal spasmolysis as a RESCUE therapy(11.3%vs 18.2%).After intrathecal treatment onset,CVS(TCD>160 cm/s)occurred in 45%of patients with PREVENTIVE and 77%of patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.013).A stronger response of CVS to intrathecal nimodipine was observed in patients with PREVENTIVE intervention as the mean CVS duration after start of intrathecal nimodipine was 3.2 days compared with 5.8 days in patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.026).Conclusions PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy directed at blood clearance is more effective for the prevention of CVS and delayed infarction compared with cisternal RESCUE spasmolysis.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root(GFR)in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.Methods:In vivo,50 mice were divided into negative control,positive co...Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root(GFR)in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.Methods:In vivo,50 mice were divided into negative control,positive control(verapamil),low-,medium-and high-dose GFR(250,500,1,000 mg/kg)groups by a random number table,10 mice in each group.The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index(El).In vitro,the effects of GFR(0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,and 10 g/L)on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine(ACh,10μmol/L)and KCl(60 mmol/L)were observed for 200 s.In addition,CaCl_(2)was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR(1 and 3 g/L)or verapamil(0.03 and 0.1μmol/L)in a Ca^(2+)-free-high-K+solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA).Results:GFR(500 and 1,000 mg/kg)significantly reduced El in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice(P<0.01).Meanwhile,GFR(0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,and 10 g/L)inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCI with 50% effective concentration(EC50)values was 1.05(0.71-1.24),0.34(0.29-0.41)and 0.15(0.11-0.20)g/L,respectively.In addition,GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl_(2)down to the right,showing a similar effect to verapamil.Conclusions:GFR can effectively reduce diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction,and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca^(2+) channels and muscarinic receptors.展开更多
文摘Brain-derived paralysis is a disease dominated by limb paralysis caused by various brain diseases.The damage of upper motor neurons can lead to spastic paralysis of the limbs in different parts.If it cannot be treated in time and effectively,it will severely affect the motor function and ability of daily living.Treating limb spastic dysfunction in patients with brain-derived paralysis is a global problem.Presently,there are many alternative surgical methods.This article mainly reviews the treatment of limb spastic dysfunction with brain-derived paralysis,focusing on three aspects:limb spasmolysis,orthopedics,and functional reconstruction.Among them,the transposition of the peripheral nerve helps limb function with spastic paralysis and can effectively alleviate limb spasticity.
基金funded by the Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists,Faculty of Medicine,University of Freiburg.
文摘Background To compare the efficacy of two different concepts of cisternal therapy—PREVENTIVE fibrinolysis plus on-demand spasmolysis versus RESCUE spasmolysis—for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm(CVS)and delayed cerebral infarction(DCI)in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage(aSAH).Methods Retrospective analysis of 84 aSAH patients selected for cisternal therapy for DCI prevention.66 high-risk patients received PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy to enhance blood clearance.Either stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy(STX-VCS)or intraoperative placement of a cisterno-ventriculostomy catheter(CVC),followed by fibrinolytic cisternal lavage using urokinase was performed.In case of vasospasm,nimodipine was applied intrathecally.22 low-risk patients who developed CVS against expectations were selected for STX-VCS as RESCUE intervention for cisternal spasmolysis with nimodipine.Rates of DCI and mean flow velocities of daily transcranial Doppler(TCD)ultrasonographies were evaluated.Results Despite a higher prespecified DCI risk,patients selected for PREVENTIVE intervention primarily aiming at blood clearance had a lower DCI rate compared with patients selected for intrathecal spasmolysis as a RESCUE therapy(11.3%vs 18.2%).After intrathecal treatment onset,CVS(TCD>160 cm/s)occurred in 45%of patients with PREVENTIVE and 77%of patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.013).A stronger response of CVS to intrathecal nimodipine was observed in patients with PREVENTIVE intervention as the mean CVS duration after start of intrathecal nimodipine was 3.2 days compared with 5.8 days in patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.026).Conclusions PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy directed at blood clearance is more effective for the prevention of CVS and delayed infarction compared with cisternal RESCUE spasmolysis.
基金Supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Sichuan Province(No.S201910634082,202110634018)Nanchong Government-Municipal Colleges and Universities Cooperative Scientific Research Project(No.19SXHZ0231)Doctor Initiation Fund of North Sichuan Medical College(No.CBY19-QD07)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root(GFR)in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro.Methods:In vivo,50 mice were divided into negative control,positive control(verapamil),low-,medium-and high-dose GFR(250,500,1,000 mg/kg)groups by a random number table,10 mice in each group.The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index(El).In vitro,the effects of GFR(0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,and 10 g/L)on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine(ACh,10μmol/L)and KCl(60 mmol/L)were observed for 200 s.In addition,CaCl_(2)was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR(1 and 3 g/L)or verapamil(0.03 and 0.1μmol/L)in a Ca^(2+)-free-high-K+solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA).Results:GFR(500 and 1,000 mg/kg)significantly reduced El in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice(P<0.01).Meanwhile,GFR(0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,and 10 g/L)inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCI with 50% effective concentration(EC50)values was 1.05(0.71-1.24),0.34(0.29-0.41)and 0.15(0.11-0.20)g/L,respectively.In addition,GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl_(2)down to the right,showing a similar effect to verapamil.Conclusions:GFR can effectively reduce diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction,and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca^(2+) channels and muscarinic receptors.
