Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)(SPAES) copolymer with degree of sulfonation of 1.0 was synthesized and characterized.A series of SPAES-TiO_2 hybrid membranes with various contents of nano-sized TiO_2 particles ...Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)(SPAES) copolymer with degree of sulfonation of 1.0 was synthesized and characterized.A series of SPAES-TiO_2 hybrid membranes with various contents of nano-sized TiO_2 particles were prepared and characterized through sol-gel reactions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicated the TiO_2 particles were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEMs) in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These membra...展开更多
A series of bi A-SPAES(Ds=0.4)/phosphotungstic acid(PWA/bi A-SPAES)composite membranes with various contents of PWA were prepared and characterized by FT-IR.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated the PWA we...A series of bi A-SPAES(Ds=0.4)/phosphotungstic acid(PWA/bi A-SPAES)composite membranes with various contents of PWA were prepared and characterized by FT-IR.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated the PWA were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEM)in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These membranes showed good thermal stability.It was found that the water uptake of these membranes increased with the increase of the PWA content in the hybrid membranes.Meanwhile,the introduction of inorganic particles increased both the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability.The proton conductivities of composite membranes were increased from 0.017 S/cm to 0.045 S/cm at 20 ℃ and from 0.054 S/cm to 0.093 S/cm at 100 ℃ with the increase of PWA content from 0 to 50 %.Especially,all the methanol diffusion coefficients(4.20×10-8-1.05×10-7cm2/s)of bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes are much lower than that of Nafion 117 membrane(2.1×10-6 cm2/s).Bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes were therefore proposed as candidates of material for PEM in DMFC.展开更多
A series of multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s(SPAES)with various block lengths and predictable ion exchange capacity were synthesized from 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone,4,4’-dihydrodiphenyl sulfone ...A series of multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s(SPAES)with various block lengths and predictable ion exchange capacity were synthesized from 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone,4,4’-dihydrodiphenyl sulfone and 4,4’-biphenol by one-pot and two-pot polymerization.;H-NMR and FTIR spectra confirmed the structure that sulfonic acid groups were introduced precisely on the poly(arylene ether sulfone)s by post-sulfonation which resulted in controllable sulfonation degree.The proton exchange membranes(PEMs)-based SPAES displayed excellent dimensional,thermal,antioxidant stability,proton conductivity and mechanical properties(maximum tensile stress>35 MPa).Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the prepared SPAES began to degrade above 310℃.The effects of polymerization processes,those were,one-pot hydrophobic segment process,one-pot hydrophilic segment process and two-pot process,on the properties of polymers were investigated.The proton conductivity and microphase separation of SPAES PEMs increased in order of those prepared by one-pot hydrophobic segment process,two-pot process and one-pot hydrophilic segment process.The highest conductivities of SPAES synthesized by the above processes under 80℃ and 100%relative humidity were 213(MS4),297(MB3)and 360 mS·cm^(-1)(MQ2),respectively.展开更多
Based on the range space property （RSP）, the equivalent conditions between nonnegative solutions to the partial sparse and the corresponding weighted l1-norm minimization problem are studied in this paper. Different...Based on the range space property （RSP）, the equivalent conditions between nonnegative solutions to the partial sparse and the corresponding weighted l1-norm minimization problem are studied in this paper. Different from other conditions based on the spark property, the mutual coherence, the null space property （NSP） and the restricted isometry property （RIP）, the RSP- based conditions are easier to be verified. Moreover, the proposed conditions guarantee not only the strong equivalence, but also the equivalence between the two problems. First, according to the foundation of the strict complemenrarity theorem of linear programming, a sufficient and necessary condition, satisfying the RSP of the sensing matrix and the full column rank property of the corresponding sub-matrix, is presented for the unique nonnegative solution to the weighted l1-norm minimization problem. Then, based on this condition, the equivalence conditions between the two problems are proposed. Finally, this paper shows that the matrix with the RSP of order k can guarantee the strong equivalence of the two problems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Creative Research Group from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50821002)
文摘Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)(SPAES) copolymer with degree of sulfonation of 1.0 was synthesized and characterized.A series of SPAES-TiO_2 hybrid membranes with various contents of nano-sized TiO_2 particles were prepared and characterized through sol-gel reactions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicated the TiO_2 particles were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEMs) in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These membra...
基金Sponsored by the National Creative Research Group and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50821002)
文摘A series of bi A-SPAES(Ds=0.4)/phosphotungstic acid(PWA/bi A-SPAES)composite membranes with various contents of PWA were prepared and characterized by FT-IR.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images indicated the PWA were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEM)in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These membranes showed good thermal stability.It was found that the water uptake of these membranes increased with the increase of the PWA content in the hybrid membranes.Meanwhile,the introduction of inorganic particles increased both the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability.The proton conductivities of composite membranes were increased from 0.017 S/cm to 0.045 S/cm at 20 ℃ and from 0.054 S/cm to 0.093 S/cm at 100 ℃ with the increase of PWA content from 0 to 50 %.Especially,all the methanol diffusion coefficients(4.20×10-8-1.05×10-7cm2/s)of bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes are much lower than that of Nafion 117 membrane(2.1×10-6 cm2/s).Bi A-SPAES/PWA hybrid membranes were therefore proposed as candidates of material for PEM in DMFC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21306010)。
文摘A series of multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s(SPAES)with various block lengths and predictable ion exchange capacity were synthesized from 4,4’-difluorodiphenyl sulfone,4,4’-dihydrodiphenyl sulfone and 4,4’-biphenol by one-pot and two-pot polymerization.;H-NMR and FTIR spectra confirmed the structure that sulfonic acid groups were introduced precisely on the poly(arylene ether sulfone)s by post-sulfonation which resulted in controllable sulfonation degree.The proton exchange membranes(PEMs)-based SPAES displayed excellent dimensional,thermal,antioxidant stability,proton conductivity and mechanical properties(maximum tensile stress>35 MPa).Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the prepared SPAES began to degrade above 310℃.The effects of polymerization processes,those were,one-pot hydrophobic segment process,one-pot hydrophilic segment process and two-pot process,on the properties of polymers were investigated.The proton conductivity and microphase separation of SPAES PEMs increased in order of those prepared by one-pot hydrophobic segment process,two-pot process and one-pot hydrophilic segment process.The highest conductivities of SPAES synthesized by the above processes under 80℃ and 100%relative humidity were 213(MS4),297(MB3)and 360 mS·cm^(-1)(MQ2),respectively.
基金Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61672005
文摘Based on the range space property （RSP）, the equivalent conditions between nonnegative solutions to the partial sparse and the corresponding weighted l1-norm minimization problem are studied in this paper. Different from other conditions based on the spark property, the mutual coherence, the null space property （NSP） and the restricted isometry property （RIP）, the RSP- based conditions are easier to be verified. Moreover, the proposed conditions guarantee not only the strong equivalence, but also the equivalence between the two problems. First, according to the foundation of the strict complemenrarity theorem of linear programming, a sufficient and necessary condition, satisfying the RSP of the sensing matrix and the full column rank property of the corresponding sub-matrix, is presented for the unique nonnegative solution to the weighted l1-norm minimization problem. Then, based on this condition, the equivalence conditions between the two problems are proposed. Finally, this paper shows that the matrix with the RSP of order k can guarantee the strong equivalence of the two problems.
