BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy(CMA)is a common condition in infants,requiring alternative protein sources in their diets.Soya milk has become a popular substitute,especially in developing countries where it is a mo...BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy(CMA)is a common condition in infants,requiring alternative protein sources in their diets.Soya milk has become a popular substitute,especially in developing countries where it is a more affordable option compared to expensive hypoallergenic feeds for infants with insufficient breast milk supply.However,recent observations have shown an increase in soya cross-allergic reactions among infants with CMA.AIM To determine how often infants diagnosed with CMA also had soya cross-allergy and to examine the symptoms and outcomes of these infants at 2 years of age.METHODS Data from two pediatric centers were analyzed,looking at clinical records of children under 2 years old diagnosed with CMA from August 2015 to July 2023,divided into two four-year periods.RESULTS The records of 432 infants with CMA were analyzed.In the first four-year period from August 2015 to July 2019,142 infants were studied,with 27(19%)found to have soya-protein allergy as well.In the second four-year period,a total of 290 infants were studied,and soya allergy was found in 136 babies(47%).This represents a significant increase(P<0.0001)in cases of soya protein cross-allergy among infants with CMA.The most common symptoms observed were gastroesophageal reflux disorder(39%),followed by failure to thrive,bloody diarrhea,watery diarrhea,and constipation.At 2 years of age,these infants showed significant growth failure compared to infants with CMA only.CONCLUSION In conclusion,this study emphasizes the importance of being cautious when using soy protein in infants with cow's milk protein allergy,especially in areas where cost is a major concern.展开更多
Background:Soya saponin(SS),an active compound in soybean meals,has been widely studied in the medical field.However,it was considered as an anti-nutritional factor in poultry diets.The objective of this experiment wa...Background:Soya saponin(SS),an active compound in soybean meals,has been widely studied in the medical field.However,it was considered as an anti-nutritional factor in poultry diets.The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of dietary SS using three dietary treatments on egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens.Birds were fed a low soybean meal basal diet(CON),a low-SS diet(50 SS)containing 50mg/kg SS,or a high-SS diet(500 SS)containing 500 mg/kg SS for 10 weeks.At the end of the 5th and 10th week of the trial,samples were collected for analysis.Results:Results showed that with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation,the egg production rate,feed conversion ratio(FCR),and eggshell quality tended to be improved.Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and Interleukin-4(IL-4)levels were also elevated as well as the peripheral blood LPS stimulation index,the proportion of B lymphocytes,and antibody titer of bovine serum albumin(BSA).We also found that mRNA levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)in ovarian,nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB),Transforming growth factor(TGF-β)and interferonγ(IFN-γ)in spleen were up-regulated at the end of the trial.Additionally,dietary 50 mg/kg SS improved the ileal flora via up-regulating the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Romboutsia and Lactobacillus delbrueckii.Although the immune related indicators were improved with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented,it seemed to have a negative influence on the laying-performance.Specifically,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and the ratio of IFN-γto IL-4 were increased in the 500 SS group at the end of the trial.The m RNA levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1(GnRH1)in Hypothalamus,the estrogen related receptor(ERR)in ovaries were downregulated as well as the egg production rate during the trial with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented.Conclusions:The egg production performance was improved by dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg SS via increasing ovarian FSHR transcription level and serum estrogen level.A beneficial shift in intestinal microflora was recorded,and the immune function of laying hens was also improved with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation.Surprisingly,the long-term supplementation of 500 mg/kg SS exerted a negative impact on the laying performance and physiological functions of the liver of laying hens.展开更多
In mammals, lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female’s reproductive life. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fermented Soya bean and Vitamin C supplement on lipid peroxidation a...In mammals, lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female’s reproductive life. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fermented Soya bean and Vitamin C supplement on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in lactating albino rats. Thirty five (35) adult female rats were used for this study. At parturition, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five (5) rats each. Except group four (4) that was subdivided into three (3) sub groups of five animals each (n = 5). Treatment was carried out as follows: Group I: (Normal control) was given normal feed and distilled water, orally (1 ml/kg), Group II: metoclopramide (5 mg/kg), Group III: 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C. The three (3) sub groups under group four (4) received 10%, 20% and 40% soya bean, respectively, Group V: was co-administered with 20% soya bean supplement and Vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Treatment was done for the period of ten (10) days at 06:00 h daily. Although there was an increase in serum MDA concentrations in all the treated groups compared to the control, lipid peroxidation was however significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the metoclopramide group relative to the soya bean supplemented groups. This study has shown that supplementation with soya bean induces a mild antioxidant effect by increasing serum level of superoxide dismutase. There was however a significant decrease in serum SOD in the 10% SB group compared to the control. There was a significant difference in serum catalase activity in the group treated with METCL (46.20 ± 1.53), SB 10% (44.00 ± 1.14) and SB 20% (45.20 ± 1.28) compared to the control (52.00 ± 0.71) (P < 0.05). Serum level of glutathione peroxidase GPx showed a significant difference in the group treated with VIT C, SB 10% and SB 20% compared to the control (P < 0.05).展开更多
The effect of soya lecithin (SL) on solubilization and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Anthracophyllum discolor was evaluated. Besides, the PCP effect on critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SL and the...The effect of soya lecithin (SL) on solubilization and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Anthracophyllum discolor was evaluated. Besides, the PCP effect on critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SL and the effect of PCP and SL on the ligninolytic activity of A. discolor were evaluated. The PCP solubilization test was performed for 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 with SL solution varying concentrations of ranging from 0 to 0.9 g·L-1. The effect of PCP (5 to 20 mg·L-1) on CMC of SL by conductivity was evaluated. The effect of SL (0 to 0.9 g·L-1) on biodegradation of PCP (21.4 mg·L-1) in modified Kirk medium was studied. The results showed that SL addition enhanced PCP solubility in water. The solubilities of 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 of PCP were about 4.2, 5.0 and 2.5 times higher than their solubility in pure water when the system was added with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL. We found that the increase in PCP concentration caused a decrease in the CMC value. In the biodegradation assay, in liquid medium supplemented with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL, the 94.4% of PCP was biodegraded after 26 days of incubation. In contrast, in the control assay (without SL), the 76.5% of PCP was removed. The PCP degradation was confirmed by the presence of its metabolites. During biodegradation assay, A. discolor mainly produced manganese peroxidase reaching a maximum of 96.8 U·g-1 (dw) when the culture medium was added with 0.6 g·L-1 of SL. These results show that SL can be applied to increasing the bioavailability and biodegradation of PCP.展开更多
[Objectives]To probe into the treatment effects of soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B.[Methods]A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Eighth People...[Objectives]To probe into the treatment effects of soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B.[Methods]A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou from February 2017 to February 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group in the way of drawing lots,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups of patients were treated with conventional therapy.On this basis,the control group was given Liver Protection Tablet,and the observation group was given soya lecithin powder for 2 months.The relief of symptoms of both groups and the recovery of liver functions were observed,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum total bilirubin(TBIL),and glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),as well as recovery of B-scan ultrasonography image and adverse drug reactions were observed.[Results]After treatment,the relief rate of fatigue,anorexia,abdominal distension and the disappearance rate of hepatic discomfort in the observation group were significant higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of ALT,AST,TBIL and GGT levels in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of B-scan ultrasonography image in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No significant adverse drug reactions were found in two groups during the drug administration.[Conclusions]Soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B can significantly improve the liver function and relieve the symptoms.展开更多
Eighty 4-weeks old broiler chicks (Anak 2000 strain) were used in a 28 days feeding trial to determine the effects of replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) by bambara nut sievate (BNS) on the carcass and organ character...Eighty 4-weeks old broiler chicks (Anak 2000 strain) were used in a 28 days feeding trial to determine the effects of replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) by bambara nut sievate (BNS) on the carcass and organ characteristics of fin- isher broiler chicks. BNS replaced soya bean meal by weight for weight at levels 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% for treatments 1,2, 3 and 4;respectively which were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum to the birds. Also, ap- propriate medication, sanitation and other stan- dard management practices were strictly adopt- ed. At the 28th day, one bird was randomly picked from each replicate, starved of food for 24 hours and then slaughtered and eviscerated for carcass and organ evaluation. Weights were measured with digital weighing scale. Results of analysis of variance of carcass parameters showed significant (P 0.05) in the values above but only varied with birds on 10% and 15% BNS. Other carcass parameters were simi- lar (P > 0.05) in value between treatments. The liver, heart, gizzard and intestine significantly varied (P < 0.05) between their treatments. How- ever, kidney values did not differ significantly. From the results, it appeared that 5% BNS in- clusion is optimal for carcass and organ char- acteristics of finisher broilers.展开更多
The macronutrient composition and in vitro protein digestibility of extruded fermented and unfermented extruded soya protein products （low, medium and high moisture）, raw and fermented soya meal and soya kernel were...The macronutrient composition and in vitro protein digestibility of extruded fermented and unfermented extruded soya protein products （low, medium and high moisture）, raw and fermented soya meal and soya kernel were studied. The protein content （g/100g soya dry weight） ranged from 38.20 to 62.98 with the highest content in the high moisture extruded protein product fermented with 5 mL inoculum of Bacillus natto. Contents of carbohydrates ranged from 14.77 to 29.08 while those of crude fibre, fat and ash were generally low. Fermentation better improved protein digestibility in the raw soya meal and kernel than in the unfermented extruded and extruded fermented products. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed some degradation of the protein sub units of fermented samples.展开更多
This study was carried out to predict the impact of injection timing and injection duration on engine brake power and Nitrogen Oxides emissions in a diesel engine using biofuel Soya Methyl Ester (SME). Predictions wer...This study was carried out to predict the impact of injection timing and injection duration on engine brake power and Nitrogen Oxides emissions in a diesel engine using biofuel Soya Methyl Ester (SME). Predictions were accomplished at three different injection timings 10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> Crank Angle (CA) before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">° </span>CA at Top Dead Center (TDC) and four injection durations 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA. The study was conducted using a simulation software (Diesel-RK). The predicted results showed that the power<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> produced by all the setups of the different injection timings </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> almost equal, but they differ in injection durations, e.g. the power at setup (10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) duration 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and 2500 rpm equal to 52 kW, at setup (5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) duration 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">° </span>CA and same engine speed the power is equal to 51 kW, and at setup (0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TDC) durations 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> the power is equal to 51 kW. The power in all setups are decreased as the injection duration increased, e.g. at setup 0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA TDC durations 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, and 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and at 4000 rpm, the brake powers are equal 71, 65, and 59 kW respectively, thus the reduction percentages are 9% and 17% when compared to the 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> injection duration. The nitrogen oxides emissions decreased as the injection duration is increased, e.g. the emissions at setup (10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) durations 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, and 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and at 2500 rpm are equal 852, 589, 293 ppm respectively, the reduction percentages are 30% and 72%. The variations of injection timing and injection duration </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">have </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">taken a weighty influence on engine performance and emissions. The results </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> considered as a novelty in the field of using pure biofuel Soya Methyl Ester in diesel engine according to our information.</span></span></span>展开更多
Consumed in many traditional Asian populations for millennia,soya has only been a common part of the Western diet for around 60 years.Now,many of our supermarkets are full of soy milk alternatives, soy burgers and oth...Consumed in many traditional Asian populations for millennia,soya has only been a common part of the Western diet for around 60 years.Now,many of our supermarkets are full of soy milk alternatives, soy burgers and other soya-based meat replacements-not to mention traditional soy-based products like tofu,tempeh,soya milk,miso and soya sauce.展开更多
There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the produc...There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the production performance and carcass fatty acid profile of fattening lambs. 32 Tsigai lambs were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 2 different diets regarding the forage/concentrates ratio （35/65 and 65/35, on a DM basis）, containing or not 5% FFS （full fat soya treated with formaldehyde 12.5%）. Including FFS in diet and the ratios rich in concentrates determined a significant improvement in weight gain （P〈0.01）, in the degree of food recovery and in fatty acid profile from the carcass. It has been significantly increased （P〈0.01） the weight of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） from intramuscular fat （longissimus dorsi-LD and femoral biceps-FB） and the deposit fat （subcutaneous-SC and perirenal-PR） and decreased the proportion of saturated （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）. Most significant differences were recorded about PUFA from Omega-3 series （C18：3 n-3, EPA C22：3 n-3, DPA and DHA） and CLA isomers （conjugated linolenic acid： C 18：2 C9, tl I＋C 18：2 t10, C 12）. The best profile of fatty acids, considered in light of the influence on human health （high concentration of Omega 3 fatty acids and CLA and low in SFA） was established in LD, for lambs fed with diets high in concentrates and which contained FFS （HC/S）.展开更多
The specific heat of soya bean variety TGX 1,440-1E,moringa oleifera seed,moringa oleifera kernel and mucuna flagellipes nut were evaluated and their variations with moisture content and temperature were investigated,...The specific heat of soya bean variety TGX 1,440-1E,moringa oleifera seed,moringa oleifera kernel and mucuna flagellipes nut were evaluated and their variations with moisture content and temperature were investigated,using the method of mixture.The specific heat of soya bean,moringa oleifera seed,moringa oleifera kernel and mucuna flagellipes nut increased linearly from 1780 to 2646 J/(kg·K),1520 to 2516.121 J/(kg·K),1625.24 to 2458.214 J/(kg·K)and 2080 to 4586 J/(kg·K)in the moisture content and temperature ranges of 6.16%-51.52%(d.b.)and 305.8-363 K,8.43%-31.66%(d.b.)and 300-341.88 K,6.75%-31.5%(d.b.)and 300-344.38 K,and 3.38%-10.7%(d.b.)and 300-330.75 K,respectively.While the specific heat of soya bean increased with increase in temperature up to a certain point and decreased with further increase in temperature,the specific heat of moringa oleifera seed and kernel increased linearly,and mucuna flagellipes nut exhibited a second order polynomial relationship between its specific heat and average temperature.Regression models,which could be used to reasonably predict the specific heat of these products at specified moisture content and average temperature,were established.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy(CMA)is a common condition in infants,requiring alternative protein sources in their diets.Soya milk has become a popular substitute,especially in developing countries where it is a more affordable option compared to expensive hypoallergenic feeds for infants with insufficient breast milk supply.However,recent observations have shown an increase in soya cross-allergic reactions among infants with CMA.AIM To determine how often infants diagnosed with CMA also had soya cross-allergy and to examine the symptoms and outcomes of these infants at 2 years of age.METHODS Data from two pediatric centers were analyzed,looking at clinical records of children under 2 years old diagnosed with CMA from August 2015 to July 2023,divided into two four-year periods.RESULTS The records of 432 infants with CMA were analyzed.In the first four-year period from August 2015 to July 2019,142 infants were studied,with 27(19%)found to have soya-protein allergy as well.In the second four-year period,a total of 290 infants were studied,and soya allergy was found in 136 babies(47%).This represents a significant increase(P<0.0001)in cases of soya protein cross-allergy among infants with CMA.The most common symptoms observed were gastroesophageal reflux disorder(39%),followed by failure to thrive,bloody diarrhea,watery diarrhea,and constipation.At 2 years of age,these infants showed significant growth failure compared to infants with CMA only.CONCLUSION In conclusion,this study emphasizes the importance of being cautious when using soy protein in infants with cow's milk protein allergy,especially in areas where cost is a major concern.
基金funded by the China Agriculture Research System program(CARS-41-G11)。
文摘Background:Soya saponin(SS),an active compound in soybean meals,has been widely studied in the medical field.However,it was considered as an anti-nutritional factor in poultry diets.The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of dietary SS using three dietary treatments on egg-laying performance and immune function of laying hens.Birds were fed a low soybean meal basal diet(CON),a low-SS diet(50 SS)containing 50mg/kg SS,or a high-SS diet(500 SS)containing 500 mg/kg SS for 10 weeks.At the end of the 5th and 10th week of the trial,samples were collected for analysis.Results:Results showed that with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation,the egg production rate,feed conversion ratio(FCR),and eggshell quality tended to be improved.Serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and Interleukin-4(IL-4)levels were also elevated as well as the peripheral blood LPS stimulation index,the proportion of B lymphocytes,and antibody titer of bovine serum albumin(BSA).We also found that mRNA levels of follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)in ovarian,nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB),Transforming growth factor(TGF-β)and interferonγ(IFN-γ)in spleen were up-regulated at the end of the trial.Additionally,dietary 50 mg/kg SS improved the ileal flora via up-regulating the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Romboutsia and Lactobacillus delbrueckii.Although the immune related indicators were improved with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented,it seemed to have a negative influence on the laying-performance.Specifically,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and the ratio of IFN-γto IL-4 were increased in the 500 SS group at the end of the trial.The m RNA levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1(GnRH1)in Hypothalamus,the estrogen related receptor(ERR)in ovaries were downregulated as well as the egg production rate during the trial with 500 mg/kg SS supplemented.Conclusions:The egg production performance was improved by dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg SS via increasing ovarian FSHR transcription level and serum estrogen level.A beneficial shift in intestinal microflora was recorded,and the immune function of laying hens was also improved with 50 mg/kg SS supplementation.Surprisingly,the long-term supplementation of 500 mg/kg SS exerted a negative impact on the laying performance and physiological functions of the liver of laying hens.
文摘In mammals, lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female’s reproductive life. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fermented Soya bean and Vitamin C supplement on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in lactating albino rats. Thirty five (35) adult female rats were used for this study. At parturition, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five (5) rats each. Except group four (4) that was subdivided into three (3) sub groups of five animals each (n = 5). Treatment was carried out as follows: Group I: (Normal control) was given normal feed and distilled water, orally (1 ml/kg), Group II: metoclopramide (5 mg/kg), Group III: 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C. The three (3) sub groups under group four (4) received 10%, 20% and 40% soya bean, respectively, Group V: was co-administered with 20% soya bean supplement and Vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Treatment was done for the period of ten (10) days at 06:00 h daily. Although there was an increase in serum MDA concentrations in all the treated groups compared to the control, lipid peroxidation was however significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the metoclopramide group relative to the soya bean supplemented groups. This study has shown that supplementation with soya bean induces a mild antioxidant effect by increasing serum level of superoxide dismutase. There was however a significant decrease in serum SOD in the 10% SB group compared to the control. There was a significant difference in serum catalase activity in the group treated with METCL (46.20 ± 1.53), SB 10% (44.00 ± 1.14) and SB 20% (45.20 ± 1.28) compared to the control (52.00 ± 0.71) (P < 0.05). Serum level of glutathione peroxidase GPx showed a significant difference in the group treated with VIT C, SB 10% and SB 20% compared to the control (P < 0.05).
文摘The effect of soya lecithin (SL) on solubilization and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Anthracophyllum discolor was evaluated. Besides, the PCP effect on critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SL and the effect of PCP and SL on the ligninolytic activity of A. discolor were evaluated. The PCP solubilization test was performed for 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 with SL solution varying concentrations of ranging from 0 to 0.9 g·L-1. The effect of PCP (5 to 20 mg·L-1) on CMC of SL by conductivity was evaluated. The effect of SL (0 to 0.9 g·L-1) on biodegradation of PCP (21.4 mg·L-1) in modified Kirk medium was studied. The results showed that SL addition enhanced PCP solubility in water. The solubilities of 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 of PCP were about 4.2, 5.0 and 2.5 times higher than their solubility in pure water when the system was added with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL. We found that the increase in PCP concentration caused a decrease in the CMC value. In the biodegradation assay, in liquid medium supplemented with 0.9 g·L-1 of SL, the 94.4% of PCP was biodegraded after 26 days of incubation. In contrast, in the control assay (without SL), the 76.5% of PCP was removed. The PCP degradation was confirmed by the presence of its metabolites. During biodegradation assay, A. discolor mainly produced manganese peroxidase reaching a maximum of 96.8 U·g-1 (dw) when the culture medium was added with 0.6 g·L-1 of SL. These results show that SL can be applied to increasing the bioavailability and biodegradation of PCP.
文摘[Objectives]To probe into the treatment effects of soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B.[Methods]A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou from February 2017 to February 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group in the way of drawing lots,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups of patients were treated with conventional therapy.On this basis,the control group was given Liver Protection Tablet,and the observation group was given soya lecithin powder for 2 months.The relief of symptoms of both groups and the recovery of liver functions were observed,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum total bilirubin(TBIL),and glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),as well as recovery of B-scan ultrasonography image and adverse drug reactions were observed.[Results]After treatment,the relief rate of fatigue,anorexia,abdominal distension and the disappearance rate of hepatic discomfort in the observation group were significant higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of ALT,AST,TBIL and GGT levels in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the recovery rate of B-scan ultrasonography image in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No significant adverse drug reactions were found in two groups during the drug administration.[Conclusions]Soya lecithin powder combined with conventional therapy on chronic hepatitis B can significantly improve the liver function and relieve the symptoms.
文摘Eighty 4-weeks old broiler chicks (Anak 2000 strain) were used in a 28 days feeding trial to determine the effects of replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) by bambara nut sievate (BNS) on the carcass and organ characteristics of fin- isher broiler chicks. BNS replaced soya bean meal by weight for weight at levels 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% for treatments 1,2, 3 and 4;respectively which were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum to the birds. Also, ap- propriate medication, sanitation and other stan- dard management practices were strictly adopt- ed. At the 28th day, one bird was randomly picked from each replicate, starved of food for 24 hours and then slaughtered and eviscerated for carcass and organ evaluation. Weights were measured with digital weighing scale. Results of analysis of variance of carcass parameters showed significant (P 0.05) in the values above but only varied with birds on 10% and 15% BNS. Other carcass parameters were simi- lar (P > 0.05) in value between treatments. The liver, heart, gizzard and intestine significantly varied (P < 0.05) between their treatments. How- ever, kidney values did not differ significantly. From the results, it appeared that 5% BNS in- clusion is optimal for carcass and organ char- acteristics of finisher broilers.
文摘The macronutrient composition and in vitro protein digestibility of extruded fermented and unfermented extruded soya protein products （low, medium and high moisture）, raw and fermented soya meal and soya kernel were studied. The protein content （g/100g soya dry weight） ranged from 38.20 to 62.98 with the highest content in the high moisture extruded protein product fermented with 5 mL inoculum of Bacillus natto. Contents of carbohydrates ranged from 14.77 to 29.08 while those of crude fibre, fat and ash were generally low. Fermentation better improved protein digestibility in the raw soya meal and kernel than in the unfermented extruded and extruded fermented products. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed some degradation of the protein sub units of fermented samples.
文摘This study was carried out to predict the impact of injection timing and injection duration on engine brake power and Nitrogen Oxides emissions in a diesel engine using biofuel Soya Methyl Ester (SME). Predictions were accomplished at three different injection timings 10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> Crank Angle (CA) before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">° </span>CA at Top Dead Center (TDC) and four injection durations 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA. The study was conducted using a simulation software (Diesel-RK). The predicted results showed that the power<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> produced by all the setups of the different injection timings </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> almost equal, but they differ in injection durations, e.g. the power at setup (10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) duration 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and 2500 rpm equal to 52 kW, at setup (5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) duration 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">° </span>CA and same engine speed the power is equal to 51 kW, and at setup (0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TDC) durations 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> the power is equal to 51 kW. The power in all setups are decreased as the injection duration increased, e.g. at setup 0<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA TDC durations 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 35<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, and 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and at 4000 rpm, the brake powers are equal 71, 65, and 59 kW respectively, thus the reduction percentages are 9% and 17% when compared to the 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> injection duration. The nitrogen oxides emissions decreased as the injection duration is increased, e.g. the emissions at setup (10<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bTDC) durations 25<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, 30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>, and 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> CA and at 2500 rpm are equal 852, 589, 293 ppm respectively, the reduction percentages are 30% and 72%. The variations of injection timing and injection duration </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">have </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">taken a weighty influence on engine performance and emissions. The results </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> considered as a novelty in the field of using pure biofuel Soya Methyl Ester in diesel engine according to our information.</span></span></span>
文摘Consumed in many traditional Asian populations for millennia,soya has only been a common part of the Western diet for around 60 years.Now,many of our supermarkets are full of soy milk alternatives, soy burgers and other soya-based meat replacements-not to mention traditional soy-based products like tofu,tempeh,soya milk,miso and soya sauce.
文摘There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the production performance and carcass fatty acid profile of fattening lambs. 32 Tsigai lambs were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 2 different diets regarding the forage/concentrates ratio （35/65 and 65/35, on a DM basis）, containing or not 5% FFS （full fat soya treated with formaldehyde 12.5%）. Including FFS in diet and the ratios rich in concentrates determined a significant improvement in weight gain （P〈0.01）, in the degree of food recovery and in fatty acid profile from the carcass. It has been significantly increased （P〈0.01） the weight of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） from intramuscular fat （longissimus dorsi-LD and femoral biceps-FB） and the deposit fat （subcutaneous-SC and perirenal-PR） and decreased the proportion of saturated （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）. Most significant differences were recorded about PUFA from Omega-3 series （C18：3 n-3, EPA C22：3 n-3, DPA and DHA） and CLA isomers （conjugated linolenic acid： C 18：2 C9, tl I＋C 18：2 t10, C 12）. The best profile of fatty acids, considered in light of the influence on human health （high concentration of Omega 3 fatty acids and CLA and low in SFA） was established in LD, for lambs fed with diets high in concentrates and which contained FFS （HC/S）.
文摘The specific heat of soya bean variety TGX 1,440-1E,moringa oleifera seed,moringa oleifera kernel and mucuna flagellipes nut were evaluated and their variations with moisture content and temperature were investigated,using the method of mixture.The specific heat of soya bean,moringa oleifera seed,moringa oleifera kernel and mucuna flagellipes nut increased linearly from 1780 to 2646 J/(kg·K),1520 to 2516.121 J/(kg·K),1625.24 to 2458.214 J/(kg·K)and 2080 to 4586 J/(kg·K)in the moisture content and temperature ranges of 6.16%-51.52%(d.b.)and 305.8-363 K,8.43%-31.66%(d.b.)and 300-341.88 K,6.75%-31.5%(d.b.)and 300-344.38 K,and 3.38%-10.7%(d.b.)and 300-330.75 K,respectively.While the specific heat of soya bean increased with increase in temperature up to a certain point and decreased with further increase in temperature,the specific heat of moringa oleifera seed and kernel increased linearly,and mucuna flagellipes nut exhibited a second order polynomial relationship between its specific heat and average temperature.Regression models,which could be used to reasonably predict the specific heat of these products at specified moisture content and average temperature,were established.
