The 4th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference (FSC) 2009 was held at Rainbow Hotel Shanghai from April 16 to 17,2009. The FSC Conference was organized by China Foundry Suppliers Union and Suppliers China Information ... The 4th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference (FSC) 2009 was held at Rainbow Hotel Shanghai from April 16 to 17,2009. The FSC Conference was organized by China Foundry Suppliers Union and Suppliers China Information Consultation Co. Ltd. (SC),and co-sponsored by National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China.……展开更多
Many online platforms providing crowd with opportunities to participate in software development projects have been existed for a while. Meanwhile, many enterprises are using crowd source to collaboratively develop the...Many online platforms providing crowd with opportunities to participate in software development projects have been existed for a while. Meanwhile, many enterprises are using crowd source to collaboratively develop their software via these platforms in recent years. However, some software development projects in these platforms hardly attract users to join. Therefore, these project owners need a way to effectively predict the number of participants in their projects and accordingly well plan their software and project specifications, such as the program language and the size of the documentation, in order to attract more individuals to participant in the projects. Compared with the past prediction models, our proposed model can dynamically add the factors, such as number of participants in the initial stage of the project, within the project life cycle and make the adjustment to the prediction model. The proposed model was also verified by using cross validation method. The results show that: 1) The models with the factor “the number of user participation” is more accurate than the model without it. 2) The factors of crowd dimension are more influential on the prediction accuracy than those of software project and owner dimensions. It is suggested that the project owners not only just consider those factors of the software project dimension in the initial stage of the project life cycle but also those factors of crowd and interaction dimensions in the late stage to attract more participants in their projects.展开更多
The paper analyzes five Finnish case companies to study the sourcing process from China. A framework of a six-stage sourcing process is developed that includes finding and choosing suppliers, making contracts and orde...The paper analyzes five Finnish case companies to study the sourcing process from China. A framework of a six-stage sourcing process is developed that includes finding and choosing suppliers, making contracts and orders, performing production and quality control, planning logistics, inspecting purchases, and developing supply chain management. Each stage describes the activities from the channels of seeking suppliers to cooperative areas for further development. The case study illustrates the practices of sourcing from China are actually quite similar to the sourcing process in other countries. The study highlights that quality control is the core issue in sourcing from China. Moreover, the difference in understanding sustainable quality affects supplier screening and quality control. Close cooperation on quality control is the key to managing the supply chain to increase competitive advantage through sourcing from China.展开更多
Security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace keep on rising. Researchers have raised interest in finding out how to manage security incidents. Various solutions proposed do not effectively address th...Security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace keep on rising. Researchers have raised interest in finding out how to manage security incidents. Various solutions proposed do not effectively address the problematic situation of security incidents. The study proposes a human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform for reporting, searching, querying, analyzing, visualizing and responding to security incidents as they arise in real time. Human sensor web Crowd sourcing security incidents is an innovative approach for addressing security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace. It employs outsourcing collaborative efforts initiatives outside the boundaries of the given organization in solving a problematic situation such as how to improve the security of information systems. It was managed by soft systems methodology. Moreover, security maturity level assessment was carried out to determine security requirements for managing security incidents using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems security engineering capability maturity model with a rating scale of 0 - 5. It employed descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical method to determine the significance of each variable based on a research problem. It used Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (X2) to determine the statistical significance of result findings. The findings revealed that security controls and security measures are implemented in ad-hoc. For managing security incidents, organizations should use human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform. The study contributes to knowledge base management learning integration: practical implementation of Crowd sourcing in information systems security.展开更多
With Texworld Evolution Paris-Le Showroom,Messe Frankfurt France has once again confirmed the relevance of this new format adapted to the international health situation.The trade show organizer is thus reaffirming its...With Texworld Evolution Paris-Le Showroom,Messe Frankfurt France has once again confirmed the relevance of this new format adapted to the international health situation.The trade show organizer is thus reaffirming its role as a key supplier of sourcing solutions for the fashion industry.The success of the Texworld Evolution Paris Showroom is confirmed.For this second edition organized in the heart of the fashion capital from 5 to 9 July,more than 700 visitors from the textile and clothing sector from 34 countries answered the call,the majority of whom came from France(75%),but also from Spain,Belgium,the Netherlands and Germany.Some of these visitors had never been to Messe Frankfurt France events before,proving the attractiveness of this new formula.展开更多
With trade of over $100 billion in 2009, the importance of China and Africa bilateral exchanges are growing daily. This blooming relationship increases the need of understanding the ways of doing business.This regular...With trade of over $100 billion in 2009, the importance of China and Africa bilateral exchanges are growing daily. This blooming relationship increases the need of understanding the ways of doing business.This regular column will provide a practical insight of doing business in China, including tips and advice based on experience.展开更多
Products showcased across 6 categories:upholstery,bed,bathroom,table,window and floor Show highlights include home trend and sustainability-focused seminars organizing by Lenzing InnovationReturning to the New York Ci...Products showcased across 6 categories:upholstery,bed,bathroom,table,window and floor Show highlights include home trend and sustainability-focused seminars organizing by Lenzing InnovationReturning to the New York City for its 7th edition,Home Textiles Sourcing Expo welcomed exhibitors and buyers to the show floor beginning Tuesday,July 12th at 10AM and continued through Thursday,July 14th.As a long-term展开更多
From November 9-12,the'6th Biennial Sourcing USA Summit,'organized by Cotton Council International and Cotton Incorporated and with the support of the U.S.cotton industry and USDA, took place at Terranea in Ra...From November 9-12,the'6th Biennial Sourcing USA Summit,'organized by Cotton Council International and Cotton Incorporated and with the support of the U.S.cotton industry and USDA, took place at Terranea in Rancho Palos Verdes,展开更多
The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety manag...The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety management concerns.This study investigates the decision-making behaviors that exist between delivery drivers,their food-delivery platform and their potential impact on traffic safety.Using the evolutionary game theory,stakeholder decision-making behaviors involving traffic safety within the food-delivery industry were analyzed.From our analysis,several behavioral influencers were identified,including penalties for traffic violations,the opportunity cost of delivery drivers complying with traffic rules,the costs associated with risk and strict management approaches,reputation incentives,costs related to the delivery platform being punished,the probability of compliance with traffic rules,and the probability of adopting a strict management approach by the delivery platform.Our study demonstrates that stabilization strategies used by the food service industry differ when the types of government control measures also differ.When the government takes a more aggressive approach to regulation and control,compliance with the traffic rules and the adoption of strict enforcement measures by management are the only evolutionary stability strategies available to food-delivery platforms.As part of a strict management strategy,appropriate compensation or incentive measures should be provided by the distribution platform.Furthermore,the fines given for traffic violations should be increased to create a safer road environment that has fewer traffic accidents involving food-delivery drivers.展开更多
In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and re...In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.展开更多
Firms employing both offshore outsourcing and nearshore sourcing strategies may face supply disruption,demand uncertainty,and quality risks simultaneously.Sourcing decisions become inevitably important and complicated...Firms employing both offshore outsourcing and nearshore sourcing strategies may face supply disruption,demand uncertainty,and quality risks simultaneously.Sourcing decisions become inevitably important and complicated when both profit and the customer-service level are taken into consideration.In this paper,we model a scenario where a manufacturer who faces stochastic demand procures major modules from an overseas supplier and two local suppliers.The overseas supplier offers quality products while being susceptible to disruption risks;if the local suppliers,who are completely reliable and serve as a backup,offer products that are of inferior quality,it may result in lower market acceptance and a bad experience for the final customers.The manufacturer has to reserve capacity with backup suppliers before urgent orders are placed,when the primary source experiences a shortfall.We explicitly derive the manufacturer’s optimal order quantities and reservation quantities,which are functions of the heterogeneous suppliers’wholesale prices,reservation prices,and other parameters.The impacts of the fill-rate constraint and customer-experience quality constraint on the manufacturer’s purchasing decisions are investigated.Interesting managerial insights on the merits of backup sourcing with capacity reservations for managing demand uncertainties and supply disruption risks are also discussed.展开更多
Sustainability describes a broad set of themes centered on current human uses of the planet’s resources.The multiple uses and users of the term have led to a proliferation of salient issues and associated indicators....Sustainability describes a broad set of themes centered on current human uses of the planet’s resources.The multiple uses and users of the term have led to a proliferation of salient issues and associated indicators.We present a new method to systematically link these issues and indicators under two conceptual frameworks of sustainability in order to enable quantitative analyses.We demonstrate this approach with a specific use case focused on the global sourcing of agricultural products.We use the optimization software Marxan in a novel way to develop minimum sets of indicators that provide maximum coverage of sustainability issues.Minimum covering sets were identified and accumulation curves were developed to measure the contribution of each indicator in each set to overall issues coverage.While greater detail in the assessment of each indicator would likely provide more effective sets of indicators,those that were generated provide optimism that this approach can bring better focus to sustainability assessments.展开更多
Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai C...Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in a...Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.展开更多
文摘 The 4th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference (FSC) 2009 was held at Rainbow Hotel Shanghai from April 16 to 17,2009. The FSC Conference was organized by China Foundry Suppliers Union and Suppliers China Information Consultation Co. Ltd. (SC),and co-sponsored by National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China.……
文摘Many online platforms providing crowd with opportunities to participate in software development projects have been existed for a while. Meanwhile, many enterprises are using crowd source to collaboratively develop their software via these platforms in recent years. However, some software development projects in these platforms hardly attract users to join. Therefore, these project owners need a way to effectively predict the number of participants in their projects and accordingly well plan their software and project specifications, such as the program language and the size of the documentation, in order to attract more individuals to participant in the projects. Compared with the past prediction models, our proposed model can dynamically add the factors, such as number of participants in the initial stage of the project, within the project life cycle and make the adjustment to the prediction model. The proposed model was also verified by using cross validation method. The results show that: 1) The models with the factor “the number of user participation” is more accurate than the model without it. 2) The factors of crowd dimension are more influential on the prediction accuracy than those of software project and owner dimensions. It is suggested that the project owners not only just consider those factors of the software project dimension in the initial stage of the project life cycle but also those factors of crowd and interaction dimensions in the late stage to attract more participants in their projects.
文摘The paper analyzes five Finnish case companies to study the sourcing process from China. A framework of a six-stage sourcing process is developed that includes finding and choosing suppliers, making contracts and orders, performing production and quality control, planning logistics, inspecting purchases, and developing supply chain management. Each stage describes the activities from the channels of seeking suppliers to cooperative areas for further development. The case study illustrates the practices of sourcing from China are actually quite similar to the sourcing process in other countries. The study highlights that quality control is the core issue in sourcing from China. Moreover, the difference in understanding sustainable quality affects supplier screening and quality control. Close cooperation on quality control is the key to managing the supply chain to increase competitive advantage through sourcing from China.
文摘Security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace keep on rising. Researchers have raised interest in finding out how to manage security incidents. Various solutions proposed do not effectively address the problematic situation of security incidents. The study proposes a human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform for reporting, searching, querying, analyzing, visualizing and responding to security incidents as they arise in real time. Human sensor web Crowd sourcing security incidents is an innovative approach for addressing security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace. It employs outsourcing collaborative efforts initiatives outside the boundaries of the given organization in solving a problematic situation such as how to improve the security of information systems. It was managed by soft systems methodology. Moreover, security maturity level assessment was carried out to determine security requirements for managing security incidents using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems security engineering capability maturity model with a rating scale of 0 - 5. It employed descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical method to determine the significance of each variable based on a research problem. It used Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (X2) to determine the statistical significance of result findings. The findings revealed that security controls and security measures are implemented in ad-hoc. For managing security incidents, organizations should use human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform. The study contributes to knowledge base management learning integration: practical implementation of Crowd sourcing in information systems security.
文摘With Texworld Evolution Paris-Le Showroom,Messe Frankfurt France has once again confirmed the relevance of this new format adapted to the international health situation.The trade show organizer is thus reaffirming its role as a key supplier of sourcing solutions for the fashion industry.The success of the Texworld Evolution Paris Showroom is confirmed.For this second edition organized in the heart of the fashion capital from 5 to 9 July,more than 700 visitors from the textile and clothing sector from 34 countries answered the call,the majority of whom came from France(75%),but also from Spain,Belgium,the Netherlands and Germany.Some of these visitors had never been to Messe Frankfurt France events before,proving the attractiveness of this new formula.
文摘With trade of over $100 billion in 2009, the importance of China and Africa bilateral exchanges are growing daily. This blooming relationship increases the need of understanding the ways of doing business.This regular column will provide a practical insight of doing business in China, including tips and advice based on experience.
文摘Products showcased across 6 categories:upholstery,bed,bathroom,table,window and floor Show highlights include home trend and sustainability-focused seminars organizing by Lenzing InnovationReturning to the New York City for its 7th edition,Home Textiles Sourcing Expo welcomed exhibitors and buyers to the show floor beginning Tuesday,July 12th at 10AM and continued through Thursday,July 14th.As a long-term
文摘From November 9-12,the'6th Biennial Sourcing USA Summit,'organized by Cotton Council International and Cotton Incorporated and with the support of the U.S.cotton industry and USDA, took place at Terranea in Rancho Palos Verdes,
基金supported by the National Social Science Found of China(20BJY179)the Fundamental Research Foundation for the Central Universities,China(300102231666)+3 种基金Shaanxi Social Science Fund,China(2021D004)Research Project on Major Theoretical and Practical Problems of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province,China(2021ND0447)Annual Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education,China(21JP005)Xi’an Social Science Planning Fund,China(22JX197)
文摘The rapid development of the online food-delivery industry,has led to not only increases in the number of the crowd-sourced shared food-delivery service drivers on our roads,but also growing urban traffic safety management concerns.This study investigates the decision-making behaviors that exist between delivery drivers,their food-delivery platform and their potential impact on traffic safety.Using the evolutionary game theory,stakeholder decision-making behaviors involving traffic safety within the food-delivery industry were analyzed.From our analysis,several behavioral influencers were identified,including penalties for traffic violations,the opportunity cost of delivery drivers complying with traffic rules,the costs associated with risk and strict management approaches,reputation incentives,costs related to the delivery platform being punished,the probability of compliance with traffic rules,and the probability of adopting a strict management approach by the delivery platform.Our study demonstrates that stabilization strategies used by the food service industry differ when the types of government control measures also differ.When the government takes a more aggressive approach to regulation and control,compliance with the traffic rules and the adoption of strict enforcement measures by management are the only evolutionary stability strategies available to food-delivery platforms.As part of a strict management strategy,appropriate compensation or incentive measures should be provided by the distribution platform.Furthermore,the fines given for traffic violations should be increased to create a safer road environment that has fewer traffic accidents involving food-delivery drivers.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72071113 and 71701222)Excellent Applied Research Program of Jiangsu Provincial Federation of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.22SYB-098)+4 种基金Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.21YJC630052)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515030260)Social Sciences and Planning Fund of Shenzhen(Grant No.SZ2022C009)Stable Support Plan Programof Shenzhen NaturalScienceFund(GrantNo.20200812134420001)SZU-LU Joint Research Programme(Grant No.202202003).
文摘In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71201047,No.71433003,No.71601069)the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education in China(No.12YJC630058)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2016B09314).
文摘Firms employing both offshore outsourcing and nearshore sourcing strategies may face supply disruption,demand uncertainty,and quality risks simultaneously.Sourcing decisions become inevitably important and complicated when both profit and the customer-service level are taken into consideration.In this paper,we model a scenario where a manufacturer who faces stochastic demand procures major modules from an overseas supplier and two local suppliers.The overseas supplier offers quality products while being susceptible to disruption risks;if the local suppliers,who are completely reliable and serve as a backup,offer products that are of inferior quality,it may result in lower market acceptance and a bad experience for the final customers.The manufacturer has to reserve capacity with backup suppliers before urgent orders are placed,when the primary source experiences a shortfall.We explicitly derive the manufacturer’s optimal order quantities and reservation quantities,which are functions of the heterogeneous suppliers’wholesale prices,reservation prices,and other parameters.The impacts of the fill-rate constraint and customer-experience quality constraint on the manufacturer’s purchasing decisions are investigated.Interesting managerial insights on the merits of backup sourcing with capacity reservations for managing demand uncertainties and supply disruption risks are also discussed.
基金Mars Incorporated and Kraft Foods for their generous funding of this project
文摘Sustainability describes a broad set of themes centered on current human uses of the planet’s resources.The multiple uses and users of the term have led to a proliferation of salient issues and associated indicators.We present a new method to systematically link these issues and indicators under two conceptual frameworks of sustainability in order to enable quantitative analyses.We demonstrate this approach with a specific use case focused on the global sourcing of agricultural products.We use the optimization software Marxan in a novel way to develop minimum sets of indicators that provide maximum coverage of sustainability issues.Minimum covering sets were identified and accumulation curves were developed to measure the contribution of each indicator in each set to overall issues coverage.While greater detail in the assessment of each indicator would likely provide more effective sets of indicators,those that were generated provide optimism that this approach can bring better focus to sustainability assessments.
基金supported by the Northeast Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant NO.QCJJ2022-43)the Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20230470,DD20230508)the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Operation and Maintenance Program(Grant No.DD20251300109).
文摘Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171148 and 42330512)the Key R&D Project from the Science and Technology Department of Tibet(No.XZ202501ZY0030).
文摘Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.
