[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the secon...[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the sou...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.展开更多
The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individ...The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individual culm level under two nitrogen(N)levels at the post-jointing stage.Nine widely-used cultivars were chosen for analyzing source-sink relations in southwestern China;and three typical cultivars of different plant types were subjected to artificial manipulation of the grain-filling source-sink ratio to supplement crop growth measurements.A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons under two N rates(N+,150 kg ha^(-1);N-,60 kg ha^(-1)),and three manipulations were imposed after anthesis:control(Ct),removal of flag and penultimate leaves(Lr)and removal of spikelets on one side of each spike(Sr).The results showed that the single grain weights in the three cultivars were significantly decreased by Lr and increased by Sr,which demonstrated that wheat grain yield potential seems more source-limited than sink-limited during grain filling,but the source-sink balance was obviously changed by climatic variations and N deficient environments.Grain yield was highly associated with sink capacity(SICA),grain number,biomass,SPAD values,and leaf area index during grain filling,indicating a higher degree of source limitation with an increase in sink capacity.Therefore,source limitation should be taken into account by breeders when SICA is increased,especially under non-limiting conditions.Chuanmai 104,a half-compact type with a mid-sized spike and a long narrow upper leaf,showed relatively better performance in source-sink relations.Since this cultivar showed the characteristics of a lower reduction in grain weight after Lr,a larger increase after Sr,and a lower reduction in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,then the greater current photosynthesis during grain filling contributed to the grain after source and sink manipulation.展开更多
The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectivel...The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.展开更多
Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir...Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir bodies developing.There is no data from drilling,cores,etc.for this area,so this paper applies three-dimensional seismic data to study the structural style of the steep slope zone,the seismic facies characteristics of fan deltas,and the source-sink system and sedimentary model of the Enping Formation.The control action of tectonic activity on fan deltaic sedimentary systems is studied by combining interpretation of fault systems,dissection of structural styles,seismic reflection structure,seismic facies geometry,and seismic attribute analysis,together with theoretical analysis of the source-sink deposition process.The Baiyun Sag has experienced tectonic activity since the Eocene,and a series of synsedimentary faults are developed in the southern steep slope zone.Under the common control of multiple large synsedimentary faults,a large ancient gully formed in the steep slope zone in the south,which gradually widened from south to north.The uplift area in the southern part of the sag was exposed for a long time during the deposition of the Enping Formation and consequently suffered weathering and erosion.The resulting sediments were transported through a system of provenance channels composed of slopes and an ancient gully to the depression area,where they were deposited and eventually converged to form a large fan delta.The fan delta presents the overall characteristics of NS strong wedge reflection and EW strong domal reflection—thick in the middle part and thin in the wings.It displays a lobe-shaped distribution on the plane,with the fan root pointing to the south slope.According to differences in reflection intensity from bottom to top,it can be subdivided into three stages of progradational sedimentary bodies—the southern uplift and denudation zone,the large ancient gully,and the fan delta—which together constitute a complete source-sink system.This represents a sedimentary model of progradational fan delta under the overall joint control of the re stricted ancient gully and syndepositional faults.展开更多
The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipula...The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.展开更多
With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling we...With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.展开更多
Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-li...Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.展开更多
Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, J...Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.展开更多
Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivit...Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity.This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes.Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain filling.Among all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype.This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield potential.Leaf-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink organs.To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.展开更多
Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechani...Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,展开更多
The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has bec...The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.展开更多
This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation...This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation currents are the inverted-V current(IinvV)and the high-low temperature linear current(IHLT),which appear in the form of sourcing and sinking currents,respectively.This design introduces an inverted-V current to mitigate the degradation of the compensation effect caused by temperature range drifts.By exploiting the characteristics of IinvV and IHLT exhibiting the same drift trend,the dual current compensation achieves the compensation performance over the entire automotive temperature range while mitigating the impact of temperature range drifts,thereby optimizing the overall compensation effect.The measured results show that it achieves the best TC of 2.0 ppm/℃ and an average consumption current of 44μA at room temperature.Moreover,the linear sensitivity(LS)is 0.04%/V and power supply rejection(PSR)is−60 dB at 1 Hz at room temperature.展开更多
The Landsat images of the 2000,2005,2010,2015,2018 are selected as the data source to retrieve land cover and surface temperature data.The contribution of Sink-Source landscape pattern to the heat island and its ecolo...The Landsat images of the 2000,2005,2010,2015,2018 are selected as the data source to retrieve land cover and surface temperature data.The contribution of Sink-Source landscape pattern to the heat island and its ecological effects on urban and rural gradient were analyzed by using Heat Index(HI),Sink and Source Landscape Contribution(CI_(sink),CI_(source))and Landscape Effect Index(LI)in Haikou.The results show that the heat island is concentrated on the West Coast,and in the central urban and Jiangdong New Area;the HI shows a pattern of decreasing value with the following land types:“Bare land>Artificial surface﹥Source landscape>Shrub grassland>Farmland>Sink landscape>Woodland>Water body”.In the central city section,the CI_(sink) and CI_(source) are relatively large in these five periods.The LI decreases rapidly along the urban-rural gradient,promoting the Urban Heat Island(UHI)to a large degree.In contrast,the suburban area contributes to a lesser degree.Overall,the LI fluctuates,the proportion of mitigating UHI is large,and there is a second peak outside the city center.The existing Source-Sink Landscape contributes the most to UHI in the central urban area,and this contribution decreases along the urban-rural gradient.With the continuous expansion of city-town areas,the proportion of Sink areas has increased along the gradient,and the proportion of Source areas has subsequently declined,resulting in the spatial transfer and diffusion of UHI.Therefore,a UHI mitigation strategy based on the theory of regional landscape systems is proposed here.展开更多
The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted ...The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted landscape contrast index,using the hydrological response unit(HRULCI)as the minimum research unit,was proposed in this paper.Through the description of the endemic landscape types and various geographical factors in the basin,the index calculation can reflect the impact of the“source-sink”landscape structure on the non-point source pollution in different regions and quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different landscape types and geographical factors to non-point source pollution.This study constructed a method of geo-cognitive computing for identifying“source-sink”landscape patterns of river basin non-point source pollution at two levels.1)The basin level:the spatial distribution and landscape combination of the entire basin are identified,and the crucial“source”and“sink”landscape types are obtained to measure the differences in the non-point source pollutant transmission processes between the“source”and“sink”landscapes in the different watersheds.2)The landscape level:HRULCI is calculated based on multiple geographical correction weighting factors.By using the idea of intersecting geographic information system(GIS)and landscape ecology,the landscape spatial pattern and ecological processes are linked.Compared with the traditional method for studying landscape patterns,the calculation of HRULCI makes the proposed method more ecologically significant.Lastly,a case study was evaluated to verify the significance of the proposed research method by taking the Yanshi River basin,a sub-basin belonging to the Jiulong River basin located in Fujian Province,China,as the experimental study zone.The results showed that this method can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the“source-sink”types and their relationship with non-point source pollution.By comparing the resulting calculation based on HRULCI,the risk of nutrient loss and the influence of landscape patterns and ecological processes on non-point pollution in different catchments can be obtained.展开更多
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration.While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases imp...Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration.While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield,until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors,including within-plant nutrient allocation.In this review,we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field.In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3,C4,and CAM modes of photosynthesis,altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain,modulating photorespiration,adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms,and enhancing nitrogen-and water-use efficiencies.Moreover,we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford.Although source,transport,and sink functions are all covered in this review,we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field.Nevertheless,considerable recent evidence,alongside the evidence from classical studies,demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield.We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.展开更多
With the widespread popularity of carbon neutrality,the decarbonization approach using carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has grown from a low-carbon utilization technology to an indispensable technology for ...With the widespread popularity of carbon neutrality,the decarbonization approach using carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has grown from a low-carbon utilization technology to an indispensable technology for the entire global carbon-neutral technology system.As a primary method to support CCUS research,source-sink matching models face several new demand-oriented challenges.Comprehensive research and in-depth insights are needed to guide targeted capability upgrades.This review evaluates the advances,challenges,and perspectives of various CCUS source-sink matching models developed in the past 10 years.We provide an integrated conceptual framework from six key attributes relating to mitigation targets,carbon sources,carbon sinks,transportation networks,utilization,and integration(synergy).The results indicate that previous models have effectively deepened our understanding of the matching process by targeting various CCUS-related issues and provided a solid foundation for more robust models to be developed.Six perspectives are put forward to outline research and development prospects for future models,which may have meaningful effects for advancement under emerging carbon neutrality targets.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and s...Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and soil)and their individual contributions,particularly during on-and off-years,remain unclear.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of C fluxes from the canopy,culm,and soil(partitioned into heterotrophic,rhizome,and stump respiration)and their contributions to net ecosystem productivity(NEP)in a representative Moso bamboo forest in the subtropical region of China.The average annual NEP of the Moso bamboo forest was 7.31±2.76 t C·ha^(-1).Specifically,the canopy's annual net C uptake was 17.30±3.23 tC·ha^(-1),accounting for 237%of NEP.In contrast,C emissions from heterotrophs,culms,rhizomes,and stumps were 5.37±1.20,2.18±1.05,1.29±0.04,and 1.15±0.33 t C·ha^(-1),accounting for73%,30%,18%,and16%of NEP,respectively.The NEP,net cumulative C uptake in the canopy,and C emissions from the respiration of heterotrophs and stumps were all significantly higher during on-years when compared to off-years,whereas C emissions from bamboo culms displayed opposite trends.These findings offer a new approach for quantifying the C budgets of Moso bamboo forests and provide valuable insights into the C cycling processes in forest ecosystems.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu High School Natural Science Fund(09KJB210004)Undergraduate Practice Innovation Project of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (09CX0025 )Educational Reform Project of Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology (09JY0036)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.
基金Supported by National"Eleventh Five-Year"Technology Support Program(2006BAD02A04)Special Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Super Rice"Development and Technology Integration of Cultivation Techniques for Super Rice"~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571590, 31972960)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-3-22)the Key Project of Crop Breeding of Sichuan Province, China (2021YFYZ0005)
文摘The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individual culm level under two nitrogen(N)levels at the post-jointing stage.Nine widely-used cultivars were chosen for analyzing source-sink relations in southwestern China;and three typical cultivars of different plant types were subjected to artificial manipulation of the grain-filling source-sink ratio to supplement crop growth measurements.A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons under two N rates(N+,150 kg ha^(-1);N-,60 kg ha^(-1)),and three manipulations were imposed after anthesis:control(Ct),removal of flag and penultimate leaves(Lr)and removal of spikelets on one side of each spike(Sr).The results showed that the single grain weights in the three cultivars were significantly decreased by Lr and increased by Sr,which demonstrated that wheat grain yield potential seems more source-limited than sink-limited during grain filling,but the source-sink balance was obviously changed by climatic variations and N deficient environments.Grain yield was highly associated with sink capacity(SICA),grain number,biomass,SPAD values,and leaf area index during grain filling,indicating a higher degree of source limitation with an increase in sink capacity.Therefore,source limitation should be taken into account by breeders when SICA is increased,especially under non-limiting conditions.Chuanmai 104,a half-compact type with a mid-sized spike and a long narrow upper leaf,showed relatively better performance in source-sink relations.Since this cultivar showed the characteristics of a lower reduction in grain weight after Lr,a larger increase after Sr,and a lower reduction in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,then the greater current photosynthesis during grain filling contributed to the grain after source and sink manipulation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41671291)
文摘The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant no.2016ZX05026–007–007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41502127)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant nos.2017JM40132020JQ798)the Scientific Team Foundation of Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xian。
文摘Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir bodies developing.There is no data from drilling,cores,etc.for this area,so this paper applies three-dimensional seismic data to study the structural style of the steep slope zone,the seismic facies characteristics of fan deltas,and the source-sink system and sedimentary model of the Enping Formation.The control action of tectonic activity on fan deltaic sedimentary systems is studied by combining interpretation of fault systems,dissection of structural styles,seismic reflection structure,seismic facies geometry,and seismic attribute analysis,together with theoretical analysis of the source-sink deposition process.The Baiyun Sag has experienced tectonic activity since the Eocene,and a series of synsedimentary faults are developed in the southern steep slope zone.Under the common control of multiple large synsedimentary faults,a large ancient gully formed in the steep slope zone in the south,which gradually widened from south to north.The uplift area in the southern part of the sag was exposed for a long time during the deposition of the Enping Formation and consequently suffered weathering and erosion.The resulting sediments were transported through a system of provenance channels composed of slopes and an ancient gully to the depression area,where they were deposited and eventually converged to form a large fan delta.The fan delta presents the overall characteristics of NS strong wedge reflection and EW strong domal reflection—thick in the middle part and thin in the wings.It displays a lobe-shaped distribution on the plane,with the fan root pointing to the south slope.According to differences in reflection intensity from bottom to top,it can be subdivided into three stages of progradational sedimentary bodies—the southern uplift and denudation zone,the large ancient gully,and the fan delta—which together constitute a complete source-sink system.This represents a sedimentary model of progradational fan delta under the overall joint control of the re stricted ancient gully and syndepositional faults.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201303133, 201203031)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD16B14)+1 种基金the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinathe Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project, China (YETP0300)
文摘The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270778)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2001BA507A-09-01-03,2004BA520A12-5).
文摘With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.
文摘Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.
文摘Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.
文摘Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity.This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes.Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain filling.Among all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype.This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield potential.Leaf-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink organs.To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.
基金The research was Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C200511)
文摘Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,
文摘The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.
基金supported by the Industrial Core and Key Technique Research Project of Zhuhai under Grant 2320004002564.
文摘This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation currents are the inverted-V current(IinvV)and the high-low temperature linear current(IHLT),which appear in the form of sourcing and sinking currents,respectively.This design introduces an inverted-V current to mitigate the degradation of the compensation effect caused by temperature range drifts.By exploiting the characteristics of IinvV and IHLT exhibiting the same drift trend,the dual current compensation achieves the compensation performance over the entire automotive temperature range while mitigating the impact of temperature range drifts,thereby optimizing the overall compensation effect.The measured results show that it achieves the best TC of 2.0 ppm/℃ and an average consumption current of 44μA at room temperature.Moreover,the linear sensitivity(LS)is 0.04%/V and power supply rejection(PSR)is−60 dB at 1 Hz at room temperature.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(421MS015,421QN200)The Hainan Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(HNSK(ZC)21-126)。
文摘The Landsat images of the 2000,2005,2010,2015,2018 are selected as the data source to retrieve land cover and surface temperature data.The contribution of Sink-Source landscape pattern to the heat island and its ecological effects on urban and rural gradient were analyzed by using Heat Index(HI),Sink and Source Landscape Contribution(CI_(sink),CI_(source))and Landscape Effect Index(LI)in Haikou.The results show that the heat island is concentrated on the West Coast,and in the central urban and Jiangdong New Area;the HI shows a pattern of decreasing value with the following land types:“Bare land>Artificial surface﹥Source landscape>Shrub grassland>Farmland>Sink landscape>Woodland>Water body”.In the central city section,the CI_(sink) and CI_(source) are relatively large in these five periods.The LI decreases rapidly along the urban-rural gradient,promoting the Urban Heat Island(UHI)to a large degree.In contrast,the suburban area contributes to a lesser degree.Overall,the LI fluctuates,the proportion of mitigating UHI is large,and there is a second peak outside the city center.The existing Source-Sink Landscape contributes the most to UHI in the central urban area,and this contribution decreases along the urban-rural gradient.With the continuous expansion of city-town areas,the proportion of Sink areas has increased along the gradient,and the proportion of Source areas has subsequently declined,resulting in the spatial transfer and diffusion of UHI.Therefore,a UHI mitigation strategy based on the theory of regional landscape systems is proposed here.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Programs of China(Grant No.2017YFB0504201,2015BAJ02B02)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61473286,61375002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.20164178).
文摘The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influences of landscape composition and spatial structure on the transmission process of non-point source pollutants in different regions.The location-weighted landscape contrast index,using the hydrological response unit(HRULCI)as the minimum research unit,was proposed in this paper.Through the description of the endemic landscape types and various geographical factors in the basin,the index calculation can reflect the impact of the“source-sink”landscape structure on the non-point source pollution in different regions and quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different landscape types and geographical factors to non-point source pollution.This study constructed a method of geo-cognitive computing for identifying“source-sink”landscape patterns of river basin non-point source pollution at two levels.1)The basin level:the spatial distribution and landscape combination of the entire basin are identified,and the crucial“source”and“sink”landscape types are obtained to measure the differences in the non-point source pollutant transmission processes between the“source”and“sink”landscapes in the different watersheds.2)The landscape level:HRULCI is calculated based on multiple geographical correction weighting factors.By using the idea of intersecting geographic information system(GIS)and landscape ecology,the landscape spatial pattern and ecological processes are linked.Compared with the traditional method for studying landscape patterns,the calculation of HRULCI makes the proposed method more ecologically significant.Lastly,a case study was evaluated to verify the significance of the proposed research method by taking the Yanshi River basin,a sub-basin belonging to the Jiulong River basin located in Fujian Province,China,as the experimental study zone.The results showed that this method can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the“source-sink”types and their relationship with non-point source pollution.By comparing the resulting calculation based on HRULCI,the risk of nutrient loss and the influence of landscape patterns and ecological processes on non-point pollution in different catchments can be obtained.
基金We thank the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for funding this research through grant INV-008053"Metabolic Engineering of Carbon Pathways to Enhance Yield of Root and Tuber Crops"provided to Professor Dr.Uwe Sonnewald.Dr.Ryo Yokoyama was financially supported as the postdoc-toral fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration.While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield,until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors,including within-plant nutrient allocation.In this review,we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field.In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3,C4,and CAM modes of photosynthesis,altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain,modulating photorespiration,adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms,and enhancing nitrogen-and water-use efficiencies.Moreover,we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford.Although source,transport,and sink functions are all covered in this review,we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field.Nevertheless,considerable recent evidence,alongside the evidence from classical studies,demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield.We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
基金supported by the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.72174196,71874193,and 71203008.
文摘With the widespread popularity of carbon neutrality,the decarbonization approach using carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has grown from a low-carbon utilization technology to an indispensable technology for the entire global carbon-neutral technology system.As a primary method to support CCUS research,source-sink matching models face several new demand-oriented challenges.Comprehensive research and in-depth insights are needed to guide targeted capability upgrades.This review evaluates the advances,challenges,and perspectives of various CCUS source-sink matching models developed in the past 10 years.We provide an integrated conceptual framework from six key attributes relating to mitigation targets,carbon sources,carbon sinks,transportation networks,utilization,and integration(synergy).The results indicate that previous models have effectively deepened our understanding of the matching process by targeting various CCUS-related issues and provided a solid foundation for more robust models to be developed.Six perspectives are put forward to outline research and development prospects for future models,which may have meaningful effects for advancement under emerging carbon neutrality targets.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32125027,31930075)Zhejiang A&F University Research and Development Fund(No.2022LFR006).
文摘Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and soil)and their individual contributions,particularly during on-and off-years,remain unclear.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of C fluxes from the canopy,culm,and soil(partitioned into heterotrophic,rhizome,and stump respiration)and their contributions to net ecosystem productivity(NEP)in a representative Moso bamboo forest in the subtropical region of China.The average annual NEP of the Moso bamboo forest was 7.31±2.76 t C·ha^(-1).Specifically,the canopy's annual net C uptake was 17.30±3.23 tC·ha^(-1),accounting for 237%of NEP.In contrast,C emissions from heterotrophs,culms,rhizomes,and stumps were 5.37±1.20,2.18±1.05,1.29±0.04,and 1.15±0.33 t C·ha^(-1),accounting for73%,30%,18%,and16%of NEP,respectively.The NEP,net cumulative C uptake in the canopy,and C emissions from the respiration of heterotrophs and stumps were all significantly higher during on-years when compared to off-years,whereas C emissions from bamboo culms displayed opposite trends.These findings offer a new approach for quantifying the C budgets of Moso bamboo forests and provide valuable insights into the C cycling processes in forest ecosystems.
