[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the secon...[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the sou...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.展开更多
The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individ...The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individual culm level under two nitrogen(N)levels at the post-jointing stage.Nine widely-used cultivars were chosen for analyzing source-sink relations in southwestern China;and three typical cultivars of different plant types were subjected to artificial manipulation of the grain-filling source-sink ratio to supplement crop growth measurements.A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons under two N rates(N+,150 kg ha^(-1);N-,60 kg ha^(-1)),and three manipulations were imposed after anthesis:control(Ct),removal of flag and penultimate leaves(Lr)and removal of spikelets on one side of each spike(Sr).The results showed that the single grain weights in the three cultivars were significantly decreased by Lr and increased by Sr,which demonstrated that wheat grain yield potential seems more source-limited than sink-limited during grain filling,but the source-sink balance was obviously changed by climatic variations and N deficient environments.Grain yield was highly associated with sink capacity(SICA),grain number,biomass,SPAD values,and leaf area index during grain filling,indicating a higher degree of source limitation with an increase in sink capacity.Therefore,source limitation should be taken into account by breeders when SICA is increased,especially under non-limiting conditions.Chuanmai 104,a half-compact type with a mid-sized spike and a long narrow upper leaf,showed relatively better performance in source-sink relations.Since this cultivar showed the characteristics of a lower reduction in grain weight after Lr,a larger increase after Sr,and a lower reduction in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,then the greater current photosynthesis during grain filling contributed to the grain after source and sink manipulation.展开更多
The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectivel...The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.展开更多
Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir...Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir bodies developing.There is no data from drilling,cores,etc.for this area,so this paper applies three-dimensional seismic data to study the structural style of the steep slope zone,the seismic facies characteristics of fan deltas,and the source-sink system and sedimentary model of the Enping Formation.The control action of tectonic activity on fan deltaic sedimentary systems is studied by combining interpretation of fault systems,dissection of structural styles,seismic reflection structure,seismic facies geometry,and seismic attribute analysis,together with theoretical analysis of the source-sink deposition process.The Baiyun Sag has experienced tectonic activity since the Eocene,and a series of synsedimentary faults are developed in the southern steep slope zone.Under the common control of multiple large synsedimentary faults,a large ancient gully formed in the steep slope zone in the south,which gradually widened from south to north.The uplift area in the southern part of the sag was exposed for a long time during the deposition of the Enping Formation and consequently suffered weathering and erosion.The resulting sediments were transported through a system of provenance channels composed of slopes and an ancient gully to the depression area,where they were deposited and eventually converged to form a large fan delta.The fan delta presents the overall characteristics of NS strong wedge reflection and EW strong domal reflection—thick in the middle part and thin in the wings.It displays a lobe-shaped distribution on the plane,with the fan root pointing to the south slope.According to differences in reflection intensity from bottom to top,it can be subdivided into three stages of progradational sedimentary bodies—the southern uplift and denudation zone,the large ancient gully,and the fan delta—which together constitute a complete source-sink system.This represents a sedimentary model of progradational fan delta under the overall joint control of the re stricted ancient gully and syndepositional faults.展开更多
The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipula...The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.展开更多
With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling we...With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.展开更多
Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-li...Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.展开更多
Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, J...Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.展开更多
Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivit...Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity.This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes.Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain filling.Among all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype.This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield potential.Leaf-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink organs.To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.展开更多
Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechani...Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,展开更多
The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has bec...The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.展开更多
To investigate the environmental impact of an abandoned lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi and to quantify the contributions of heavy metal sources to surrounding soil and surface water sediments,as well as to estimate ...To investigate the environmental impact of an abandoned lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi and to quantify the contributions of heavy metal sources to surrounding soil and surface water sediments,as well as to estimate the sourcesink fluxes of heavy metals,a total of 76 samples—including waste rock,soil,and sediment—were collected from the mining area and its surrounding impacted zone.The concentrations of eight heavy metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni)were determined.The pollution characteristics,ecological risks,and sources of heavy metals in soil and river sediments were assessed,and the source-sink relationships were analyzed.Results show that the average concentrations of most heavy metals in waste rock(excluding Cr,As,and Ni)are higher than those in soil and sediments.The mean concentrations of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cu,and Zn across all three media exceed the local soil background values.Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn in soil and sediment mainly originate from residual waste rock,while Cr,As,and Ni are primarily derived from soil parent material.The dominant pollutants in both soil and sediment are Hg,Cd,and Zn.The ecological risk index(RI)indicates strong risk(RI>300),with Hg,Cd,and Zn identified as the primary ecological risk factors.The estimated accumulation of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni in the soil near the mining area is 37.35,0.18,13.67,36.78,2.46,20.86,3750.71,and 43.75 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The source-sink dynamics of heavy metals in and around the abandoned mining area warrant significant attention.Targeted pollution prevention and risk management strategies should be implemented based on the current contamination status across different media,with priority given to source control of waste rock.展开更多
This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation...This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation currents are the inverted-V current(IinvV)and the high-low temperature linear current(IHLT),which appear in the form of sourcing and sinking currents,respectively.This design introduces an inverted-V current to mitigate the degradation of the compensation effect caused by temperature range drifts.By exploiting the characteristics of IinvV and IHLT exhibiting the same drift trend,the dual current compensation achieves the compensation performance over the entire automotive temperature range while mitigating the impact of temperature range drifts,thereby optimizing the overall compensation effect.The measured results show that it achieves the best TC of 2.0 ppm/℃ and an average consumption current of 44μA at room temperature.Moreover,the linear sensitivity(LS)is 0.04%/V and power supply rejection(PSR)is−60 dB at 1 Hz at room temperature.展开更多
Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativ...Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.展开更多
Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-se...Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.展开更多
Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)technology has gained widespread attention in recent years as a critical strategy to combat global climate change,particularly in achieving carbon neutrality goals.The Guang...Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)technology has gained widespread attention in recent years as a critical strategy to combat global climate change,particularly in achieving carbon neutrality goals.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),as one of China's most economically active regions,serves as a key engine for economic growth while also facing considerable carbon emission challenges.This study analyzes the industrial emission volume and geographical distribution of key emitting enterprises in the GBA,summarizes their technological processes and main carbonemitting equipment,and provides scientific support for precise mitigation policies and low-carbon development.Based on data from 176 key emitting enterprises,the study reveals that Guangzhou and Dongguan host the largest number of such enterprises.Carbon emissions are primarily concentrated in the power sector,dominated by coal-and gas-fired power units,characterized by significant spatial dispersion and uneven distribution.Beyond the power sector,the paper industry has a high number of enterprises but lower emissions.Key facilities such as boilers,cogeneration systems,and production lines are predominantly located near tributaries rivers in Dongguan and Jiangmen.The building materials sector,primarily cement production,ranks as the second-largest emitter,with hightemperature kilns and grinding equipment,particularly rotary kilns and glass furnaces,as the main sources.The petrochemical and chemical sectors have fewer enterprises and lower emissions in the GBA,mainly located in suburban industrial clusters.Carbon emissions in the GBA exhibit distinct industry concentration and geographical distribution disparities.This study provides crucial data and theoretical insights for the development of targeted emission reduction strategies,optimization of source-sink matching,and the advancement of CCUS technologies in the region,particularly from the GBA to the northern South China Sea.展开更多
Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted so...Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted source-sink balance,causing trade-offs among photosynthesis,yield,and stress response.To address these limitations,we present an integrated synthetic biological framework that synergistically enhances photosynthetic efficiency(source capacity),sink optimization,and abiotic stress tolerance.We developed an editing-overexpression coupling(EOC)vector system enabling simultaneous overexpression of four photosynthesis-enhancing genes(Cyt c6,PsbA,FBPase,OsMGT3),knockout of three yield-limiting genes(GS3,Gn1a,OsAAP5),and self-excision of selection markers,gene-editing modules,and fragment deletion cassettes.Field evaluations of CFMP-gga transgenic lines revealed significant physiological improvements,including 13%–17%increase in photosynthetic rates,improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and increased stomatal conductance.These enhancements translated into remarkable agronomic gains,including 18.7%–22.3%higher grain yield,23.1%–26.1%increased biomass,and improved panicle architecture(increased grain size and grain number per panicle).The engineered lines maintained superior thermotolerance(under 42°C stress)and alkali tolerance(at pH 10)compared to wild-type controls.This study provides a strategy for enhancing crop yield by demonstrating that coordinated multi-gene regulation of source-sink dynamics,coupled with stress resilience engineering,achieves concurrent improvements.展开更多
Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology,for which,a large number of indices as well as landscape pattern analysis model were developed.Howev...Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology,for which,a large number of indices as well as landscape pattern analysis model were developed.However,one problem faced by landscape ecologists is that it is hard to link the landscape indices with a specific ecological process.Linking landscape pattern and ecological processes has become a challenge for landscape ecologists.“Source”and“sink”are common concepts used in air pollution research,by which the movement direction and pattern of different pollutants in air can be clearly identified.In fact,for any ecological process,the research can be considered as a balance between the source and the sink in space.Thus,the concepts of“source”and“sink”could be implemented to the research of landscape pattern and ecological processes.In this paper,a theory of sourcesink landscape was proposed,which include:(1)In the research of landscape pattern and ecological process,all landscape types can be divided into two groups,“source”landscape and“sink”landscape.“Source”landscape contributes positively to the ecological process,while“sink”landscape is unhelpful to the ecological process.(2)Both landscapes are recognized with regard to the specific ecological process.“Source”landscape in a target ecological process may change into a“sink”landscape as in another ecological process.Therefore,the ecological process should be determined before“source”or“sink”landscape were defined.(3)The key point to distinguish“source”landscape from“sink”landscape is to quantify the effect of landscape on ecological process.The positive effect is made by“source”landscape,and the negative effect by“sink”landscape.(4)For the same ecological process,the contribution of“source”landscapes may vary,and it is the same to the“sink”landscapes.It is required to determine the weight of each landscape type on ecological processes.(5)The sourcesink principle can be applied to non-point source pollution control,biologic diversity protection,urban heat island effect mitigation,etc.However,the landscape evaluation models need to be calibrated respectively,because different ecological processes correspond with different source-sink landscapes and evaluation models for the different study areas.This theory is helpful to further study landscape pattern and ecological process,and offers a basis for new landscape index design.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu High School Natural Science Fund(09KJB210004)Undergraduate Practice Innovation Project of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (09CX0025 )Educational Reform Project of Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology (09JY0036)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.
基金Supported by National"Eleventh Five-Year"Technology Support Program(2006BAD02A04)Special Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Super Rice"Development and Technology Integration of Cultivation Techniques for Super Rice"~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571590, 31972960)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-3-22)the Key Project of Crop Breeding of Sichuan Province, China (2021YFYZ0005)
文摘The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individual culm level under two nitrogen(N)levels at the post-jointing stage.Nine widely-used cultivars were chosen for analyzing source-sink relations in southwestern China;and three typical cultivars of different plant types were subjected to artificial manipulation of the grain-filling source-sink ratio to supplement crop growth measurements.A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons under two N rates(N+,150 kg ha^(-1);N-,60 kg ha^(-1)),and three manipulations were imposed after anthesis:control(Ct),removal of flag and penultimate leaves(Lr)and removal of spikelets on one side of each spike(Sr).The results showed that the single grain weights in the three cultivars were significantly decreased by Lr and increased by Sr,which demonstrated that wheat grain yield potential seems more source-limited than sink-limited during grain filling,but the source-sink balance was obviously changed by climatic variations and N deficient environments.Grain yield was highly associated with sink capacity(SICA),grain number,biomass,SPAD values,and leaf area index during grain filling,indicating a higher degree of source limitation with an increase in sink capacity.Therefore,source limitation should be taken into account by breeders when SICA is increased,especially under non-limiting conditions.Chuanmai 104,a half-compact type with a mid-sized spike and a long narrow upper leaf,showed relatively better performance in source-sink relations.Since this cultivar showed the characteristics of a lower reduction in grain weight after Lr,a larger increase after Sr,and a lower reduction in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,then the greater current photosynthesis during grain filling contributed to the grain after source and sink manipulation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41671291)
文摘The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant no.2016ZX05026–007–007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41502127)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant nos.2017JM40132020JQ798)the Scientific Team Foundation of Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xian。
文摘Tectonic activity occurred during the depositional period of the Enping Formation in the southern Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,with a series of synsedimentary faults and a set of large fan delta reservoir bodies developing.There is no data from drilling,cores,etc.for this area,so this paper applies three-dimensional seismic data to study the structural style of the steep slope zone,the seismic facies characteristics of fan deltas,and the source-sink system and sedimentary model of the Enping Formation.The control action of tectonic activity on fan deltaic sedimentary systems is studied by combining interpretation of fault systems,dissection of structural styles,seismic reflection structure,seismic facies geometry,and seismic attribute analysis,together with theoretical analysis of the source-sink deposition process.The Baiyun Sag has experienced tectonic activity since the Eocene,and a series of synsedimentary faults are developed in the southern steep slope zone.Under the common control of multiple large synsedimentary faults,a large ancient gully formed in the steep slope zone in the south,which gradually widened from south to north.The uplift area in the southern part of the sag was exposed for a long time during the deposition of the Enping Formation and consequently suffered weathering and erosion.The resulting sediments were transported through a system of provenance channels composed of slopes and an ancient gully to the depression area,where they were deposited and eventually converged to form a large fan delta.The fan delta presents the overall characteristics of NS strong wedge reflection and EW strong domal reflection—thick in the middle part and thin in the wings.It displays a lobe-shaped distribution on the plane,with the fan root pointing to the south slope.According to differences in reflection intensity from bottom to top,it can be subdivided into three stages of progradational sedimentary bodies—the southern uplift and denudation zone,the large ancient gully,and the fan delta—which together constitute a complete source-sink system.This represents a sedimentary model of progradational fan delta under the overall joint control of the re stricted ancient gully and syndepositional faults.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201303133, 201203031)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD16B14)+1 种基金the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinathe Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project, China (YETP0300)
文摘The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270778)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2001BA507A-09-01-03,2004BA520A12-5).
文摘With two-line hybrid rice Yangliangyou 6 （YLY6） and Liangyoupeijiu （LYPJ） and three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63 （SY63） as materials, the source, sink and flow characteristics in association with grain filling were investigated. The seed-setting rate, grain filling degree and grain yield of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. The export and transformation percentages of the matter in culms and sheaths of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly higher than those of LYPJ. Activities of sucrose synthase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme in grains were higher for YLY6 and SY63 than for LYPJ, and were very significantly correlated with maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, grain filling degree and grain weight. The spikelet number, grain yield and total sink load per area of vascular bundle and phloem of YLY6 and SY63 were significantly smaller than those of LYPJ, and the greater the load, the lower seed-setting rate and the poorer grain filling. The transportation rate per area phloem of YLY6 was greater than that of LYPJ or SY63. The results suggest that YLY6 possesses strong source, great sink activity and efficient flow, which lay a physiological base for its high seed-setting rate and good grain filling.
文摘Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential, higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grain-filling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 - 0.95). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0. 84 - 0. 97 ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.
文摘Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.
文摘Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield components.Modulating source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop productivity.This study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified genotypes.Periodically collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain filling.Among all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal genotype.This was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield potential.Leaf-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink organs.To best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.
基金The research was Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C200511)
文摘Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,
文摘The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.
文摘To investigate the environmental impact of an abandoned lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi and to quantify the contributions of heavy metal sources to surrounding soil and surface water sediments,as well as to estimate the sourcesink fluxes of heavy metals,a total of 76 samples—including waste rock,soil,and sediment—were collected from the mining area and its surrounding impacted zone.The concentrations of eight heavy metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni)were determined.The pollution characteristics,ecological risks,and sources of heavy metals in soil and river sediments were assessed,and the source-sink relationships were analyzed.Results show that the average concentrations of most heavy metals in waste rock(excluding Cr,As,and Ni)are higher than those in soil and sediments.The mean concentrations of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cu,and Zn across all three media exceed the local soil background values.Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn in soil and sediment mainly originate from residual waste rock,while Cr,As,and Ni are primarily derived from soil parent material.The dominant pollutants in both soil and sediment are Hg,Cd,and Zn.The ecological risk index(RI)indicates strong risk(RI>300),with Hg,Cd,and Zn identified as the primary ecological risk factors.The estimated accumulation of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni in the soil near the mining area is 37.35,0.18,13.67,36.78,2.46,20.86,3750.71,and 43.75 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The source-sink dynamics of heavy metals in and around the abandoned mining area warrant significant attention.Targeted pollution prevention and risk management strategies should be implemented based on the current contamination status across different media,with priority given to source control of waste rock.
基金supported by the Industrial Core and Key Technique Research Project of Zhuhai under Grant 2320004002564.
文摘This work presents a bandgap voltage reference(BGR)with source-sink dual current compensation achieving a low temperature coefficient(TC)over the automotive temperature range from−40 to 125°C.The two compensation currents are the inverted-V current(IinvV)and the high-low temperature linear current(IHLT),which appear in the form of sourcing and sinking currents,respectively.This design introduces an inverted-V current to mitigate the degradation of the compensation effect caused by temperature range drifts.By exploiting the characteristics of IinvV and IHLT exhibiting the same drift trend,the dual current compensation achieves the compensation performance over the entire automotive temperature range while mitigating the impact of temperature range drifts,thereby optimizing the overall compensation effect.The measured results show that it achieves the best TC of 2.0 ppm/℃ and an average consumption current of 44μA at room temperature.Moreover,the linear sensitivity(LS)is 0.04%/V and power supply rejection(PSR)is−60 dB at 1 Hz at room temperature.
基金financial y supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University,China。
文摘Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.
基金the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ00926803)”Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304098,52106092,42376215,52474105)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818095605012,JCYJ20220530113011027)+5 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110338,2023A1515012316,2023A1515012761,2025A1515010748)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT004)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates(ZDSYS20200421111201738)the General Research Fund(No.12616222)Early Career Scheme(No.22611624)of Hong Kong Research Grants CouncilMajor Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big–science Facilities Platform supported by the Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen。
文摘Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)technology has gained widespread attention in recent years as a critical strategy to combat global climate change,particularly in achieving carbon neutrality goals.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),as one of China's most economically active regions,serves as a key engine for economic growth while also facing considerable carbon emission challenges.This study analyzes the industrial emission volume and geographical distribution of key emitting enterprises in the GBA,summarizes their technological processes and main carbonemitting equipment,and provides scientific support for precise mitigation policies and low-carbon development.Based on data from 176 key emitting enterprises,the study reveals that Guangzhou and Dongguan host the largest number of such enterprises.Carbon emissions are primarily concentrated in the power sector,dominated by coal-and gas-fired power units,characterized by significant spatial dispersion and uneven distribution.Beyond the power sector,the paper industry has a high number of enterprises but lower emissions.Key facilities such as boilers,cogeneration systems,and production lines are predominantly located near tributaries rivers in Dongguan and Jiangmen.The building materials sector,primarily cement production,ranks as the second-largest emitter,with hightemperature kilns and grinding equipment,particularly rotary kilns and glass furnaces,as the main sources.The petrochemical and chemical sectors have fewer enterprises and lower emissions in the GBA,mainly located in suburban industrial clusters.Carbon emissions in the GBA exhibit distinct industry concentration and geographical distribution disparities.This study provides crucial data and theoretical insights for the development of targeted emission reduction strategies,optimization of source-sink matching,and the advancement of CCUS technologies in the region,particularly from the GBA to the northern South China Sea.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100869)+1 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institutions Basal Research Fund for Zhang Zhiguo(Y2025YY06)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Nonprofit Scientific Institutions for Lu Tiegang,and Cui Xuean.
文摘Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted source-sink balance,causing trade-offs among photosynthesis,yield,and stress response.To address these limitations,we present an integrated synthetic biological framework that synergistically enhances photosynthetic efficiency(source capacity),sink optimization,and abiotic stress tolerance.We developed an editing-overexpression coupling(EOC)vector system enabling simultaneous overexpression of four photosynthesis-enhancing genes(Cyt c6,PsbA,FBPase,OsMGT3),knockout of three yield-limiting genes(GS3,Gn1a,OsAAP5),and self-excision of selection markers,gene-editing modules,and fragment deletion cassettes.Field evaluations of CFMP-gga transgenic lines revealed significant physiological improvements,including 13%–17%increase in photosynthetic rates,improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and increased stomatal conductance.These enhancements translated into remarkable agronomic gains,including 18.7%–22.3%higher grain yield,23.1%–26.1%increased biomass,and improved panicle architecture(increased grain size and grain number per panicle).The engineered lines maintained superior thermotolerance(under 42°C stress)and alkali tolerance(at pH 10)compared to wild-type controls.This study provides a strategy for enhancing crop yield by demonstrating that coordinated multi-gene regulation of source-sink dynamics,coupled with stress resilience engineering,achieves concurrent improvements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30570319 and 40621061).
文摘Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology,for which,a large number of indices as well as landscape pattern analysis model were developed.However,one problem faced by landscape ecologists is that it is hard to link the landscape indices with a specific ecological process.Linking landscape pattern and ecological processes has become a challenge for landscape ecologists.“Source”and“sink”are common concepts used in air pollution research,by which the movement direction and pattern of different pollutants in air can be clearly identified.In fact,for any ecological process,the research can be considered as a balance between the source and the sink in space.Thus,the concepts of“source”and“sink”could be implemented to the research of landscape pattern and ecological processes.In this paper,a theory of sourcesink landscape was proposed,which include:(1)In the research of landscape pattern and ecological process,all landscape types can be divided into two groups,“source”landscape and“sink”landscape.“Source”landscape contributes positively to the ecological process,while“sink”landscape is unhelpful to the ecological process.(2)Both landscapes are recognized with regard to the specific ecological process.“Source”landscape in a target ecological process may change into a“sink”landscape as in another ecological process.Therefore,the ecological process should be determined before“source”or“sink”landscape were defined.(3)The key point to distinguish“source”landscape from“sink”landscape is to quantify the effect of landscape on ecological process.The positive effect is made by“source”landscape,and the negative effect by“sink”landscape.(4)For the same ecological process,the contribution of“source”landscapes may vary,and it is the same to the“sink”landscapes.It is required to determine the weight of each landscape type on ecological processes.(5)The sourcesink principle can be applied to non-point source pollution control,biologic diversity protection,urban heat island effect mitigation,etc.However,the landscape evaluation models need to be calibrated respectively,because different ecological processes correspond with different source-sink landscapes and evaluation models for the different study areas.This theory is helpful to further study landscape pattern and ecological process,and offers a basis for new landscape index design.
