To better reduce the carbon emissions of a park-integrated energy system(PIES),optimize the comprehensive operating cost,and smooth the load curve,a source-load flexible response model based on the comprehensive evalu...To better reduce the carbon emissions of a park-integrated energy system(PIES),optimize the comprehensive operating cost,and smooth the load curve,a source-load flexible response model based on the comprehensive evaluation index is proposed.Firstly,a source-load flexible response model is proposed under the stepped carbon trading mechanism;the organic Rankine cycle is introduced into the source-side to construct a flexible response model with traditional combined heat and power(CHP)unit and electric boiler to realize the flexible response of CHP to load;and the load-side categorizes loads into transferable,interruptible,and substitutable loads according to the load characteristics and establishes a comprehensive demand response model.Secondly,the analytic network process(ANP)considers the linkages between indicators and allows decision-makers to consider the interactions of elements in a complex dynamic system,resulting in more realistic indicator assignment values.Considering the economy,energy efficiency,and environment,the PIES optimization operation model based on the ANP comprehensive evaluation index is constructed to optimize the system operation comprehensively.Finally,the CPLEX solver inMATLABwas employed to solve the problem.The results of the example showthat the source-load flexible response model proposed in this paper reduces the operating cost of the system by 29.90%,improves the comprehensive utilization rate by 15.00%,and reduces the carbon emission by 26.98%,which effectively enhances the system’s economy and low carbon,and the comprehensive evaluation index based on the ANP reaches 0.95,which takes into account the economy,energy efficiency,and the environment,and is more superior than the single evaluation index.展开更多
The independent system operator （ISO） is a key element in the deregulated structure with one of the responsibilities of transmission congestion management （CM）. The ISO opts market based solutions to manage conges...The independent system operator （ISO） is a key element in the deregulated structure with one of the responsibilities of transmission congestion management （CM）. The ISO opts market based solutions to manage congestion receiving bids from generation companies （GENCOs） as well as distribution companies （DISCOMs） to reschedule their generation and relocate demand. The nodal prices increases during the congestion hours and the demand response to nodal prices will be an effective tool for the control of congestion. In this paper, demand response-based CM has been proposed for a mix of pool and bilateral electricity market model. The linear bid curves have been considered for demand bids to respond to the congestion in the network. The bilateral demand has been obtained with minimum deviations in their preferred schedule. The impact of flexible alternating current transmission system （FACTS） devices viz static var compensator （SVC） and thyristor controlled series compensator （TCSC） has also been considered for demand management during congestion. Multi-line congestion cases have been considered to study the impact on demand response without and with FACTS devices. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 24 bus test system.展开更多
为解决智能楼宇在源侧光伏出力与荷侧用电需求双重不确定性下存在的供需失衡问题,并在降低楼宇储能投资与用电成本的同时,提升共享储能系统的经济性与鲁棒性,构建了一种基于混合博弈的共享储能双层优化配置模型,其中:储能运营商与楼宇...为解决智能楼宇在源侧光伏出力与荷侧用电需求双重不确定性下存在的供需失衡问题,并在降低楼宇储能投资与用电成本的同时,提升共享储能系统的经济性与鲁棒性,构建了一种基于混合博弈的共享储能双层优化配置模型,其中:储能运营商与楼宇用户构成主从博弈关系,运营商作为领导者制定内部交易电价,用户作为跟随者进行需求响应;楼宇间则采用合作博弈,通过双边Shapley值法实现成本公平分摊。源荷不确定性分别采用Wasserstein距离构建光伏出力模糊集,并结合条件风险价值(conditional value at risk, CVaR)刻画负荷波动带来的投资风险。利用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件将双层模型转化为单层混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。基于江苏某园区智能楼宇群的仿真表明:所提策略可有效削减储能冗余容量12.3%,降低各楼宇平均用电成本8.7%,同时提升运营商收益并缩短投资回收期;相较于传统鲁棒与确定性优化方法,在保障系统鲁棒性的同时显著提升经济性。所提出的混合博弈优化配置策略能够协同处理源荷双重不确定性,实现共享储能资源的高效利用与多方共赢,可为智能楼宇群的低碳经济运行提供有效路径。展开更多
文摘To better reduce the carbon emissions of a park-integrated energy system(PIES),optimize the comprehensive operating cost,and smooth the load curve,a source-load flexible response model based on the comprehensive evaluation index is proposed.Firstly,a source-load flexible response model is proposed under the stepped carbon trading mechanism;the organic Rankine cycle is introduced into the source-side to construct a flexible response model with traditional combined heat and power(CHP)unit and electric boiler to realize the flexible response of CHP to load;and the load-side categorizes loads into transferable,interruptible,and substitutable loads according to the load characteristics and establishes a comprehensive demand response model.Secondly,the analytic network process(ANP)considers the linkages between indicators and allows decision-makers to consider the interactions of elements in a complex dynamic system,resulting in more realistic indicator assignment values.Considering the economy,energy efficiency,and environment,the PIES optimization operation model based on the ANP comprehensive evaluation index is constructed to optimize the system operation comprehensively.Finally,the CPLEX solver inMATLABwas employed to solve the problem.The results of the example showthat the source-load flexible response model proposed in this paper reduces the operating cost of the system by 29.90%,improves the comprehensive utilization rate by 15.00%,and reduces the carbon emission by 26.98%,which effectively enhances the system’s economy and low carbon,and the comprehensive evaluation index based on the ANP reaches 0.95,which takes into account the economy,energy efficiency,and the environment,and is more superior than the single evaluation index.
文摘The independent system operator （ISO） is a key element in the deregulated structure with one of the responsibilities of transmission congestion management （CM）. The ISO opts market based solutions to manage congestion receiving bids from generation companies （GENCOs） as well as distribution companies （DISCOMs） to reschedule their generation and relocate demand. The nodal prices increases during the congestion hours and the demand response to nodal prices will be an effective tool for the control of congestion. In this paper, demand response-based CM has been proposed for a mix of pool and bilateral electricity market model. The linear bid curves have been considered for demand bids to respond to the congestion in the network. The bilateral demand has been obtained with minimum deviations in their preferred schedule. The impact of flexible alternating current transmission system （FACTS） devices viz static var compensator （SVC） and thyristor controlled series compensator （TCSC） has also been considered for demand management during congestion. Multi-line congestion cases have been considered to study the impact on demand response without and with FACTS devices. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 24 bus test system.
文摘为解决智能楼宇在源侧光伏出力与荷侧用电需求双重不确定性下存在的供需失衡问题,并在降低楼宇储能投资与用电成本的同时,提升共享储能系统的经济性与鲁棒性,构建了一种基于混合博弈的共享储能双层优化配置模型,其中:储能运营商与楼宇用户构成主从博弈关系,运营商作为领导者制定内部交易电价,用户作为跟随者进行需求响应;楼宇间则采用合作博弈,通过双边Shapley值法实现成本公平分摊。源荷不确定性分别采用Wasserstein距离构建光伏出力模糊集,并结合条件风险价值(conditional value at risk, CVaR)刻画负荷波动带来的投资风险。利用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件将双层模型转化为单层混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。基于江苏某园区智能楼宇群的仿真表明:所提策略可有效削减储能冗余容量12.3%,降低各楼宇平均用电成本8.7%,同时提升运营商收益并缩短投资回收期;相较于传统鲁棒与确定性优化方法,在保障系统鲁棒性的同时显著提升经济性。所提出的混合博弈优化配置策略能够协同处理源荷双重不确定性,实现共享储能资源的高效利用与多方共赢,可为智能楼宇群的低碳经济运行提供有效路径。
文摘随着微电网系统内源荷不匹配问题的日益突出,需求响应和共享储能成为协调供需平衡的关键手段。首先,将共享储能服务引入到微电网优化调度中;其次,为实现需求响应资源的跨系统调度,提出了以负荷聚合商(Load Aggregator,LA)为中心的双边综合需求响应(demand response,DR)机制,建立了包含综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES),LA和用户的多主体运行优化模型,并利用三阶段Stackelberg博弈决策DR补贴价格;然后,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件和大M法,将两阶段博弈模型转化为IES和LA之间的博弈模型,并利用白鲨优化算法与Gurobi求解器相结合的方法进行模型求解。最后仿真结果表明本文使得微电网成本降低3.71%,负荷聚合商和用户的收益上升了17.37%和7.21%。
