Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information ...Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.展开更多
Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study...Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study,we proposed a lightweight human-AI collaboration framework that utilized multi-modal large language models(MLLMs)to achieve visual-language conversion,combined chain-of-thought(CoT)reasoning to optimize decision-making,and constructed a heuristic strategy that incorporated probability distribution filtering and a balance between exploitation and exploration.The effectiveness of the framework was verified by experiments.The human-AI alignment heuristic strategy with large language model adaptation design provides a new idea to reduce manual dependency for source search task in complex scenes.展开更多
A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV...A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV100 silicon photodiode combined with a McPHERSON model 247 grazing incidence monochromator of the resolution Δλ≤0.075 nm and the wavelength scanning interval 0.5 nm. Both ethanol and acetone target LPP source had EUV emission at 11～20 nm wavelength. The comparison between the spectra of the two kinds of target materials shows that all the two kinds of target source's spectra are the result of oxygen ions' transitions under current source's parameters, but the spectrum intensity from different target sources is different. The spectra intensity from the ethanol target is higher than that from the acetone target. In addition, the target liquid is forced into the vacuum chamber by the background pressure supported by the connected external high pressure gas, and the influence of the background pressure on the source's intensity is investigated.展开更多
This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and...This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.展开更多
In recent years, the idea for undulator based Positron source had become a current design for international linear Collider (ILC). This design is that the beam from the electron main linac passes through a long helica...In recent years, the idea for undulator based Positron source had become a current design for international linear Collider (ILC). This design is that the beam from the electron main linac passes through a long helical undulator to generate a highly polarized and multi-Mev photon beam which hits a thin metal rotating target to generate showers of Positron[1]. During this procedure, the multi-Kev energy Positron will heat target and then damage the rotating target system[2].展开更多
Cultural knowledge of both the source and target culture plays a significant role in the translation. For the reason that translation is an activity of cross-cultural communication, cultural knowledge can bring the im...Cultural knowledge of both the source and target culture plays a significant role in the translation. For the reason that translation is an activity of cross-cultural communication, cultural knowledge can bring the important impact on translation, including facilitating the quality of translation, overcoming cultural barriers and equipping translators as qualified intercultural communicators. From above aspects, cultural knowledge is taking up a dominant position in translation and influencing translation effectively.展开更多
This paper presents a conceptual design for the first tentative surface muon source based on the proton beam provided by China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS）. We have calcu- lated the optimal parameters of solid m...This paper presents a conceptual design for the first tentative surface muon source based on the proton beam provided by China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS）. We have calcu- lated the optimal parameters of solid muon target, in which the method of Monte Carlo simula- tion is used to obtain the optimal muon beam parameters, such as beam fiuence rate, momentum spread and phase space distribution. A simple muon transport beamline system was also designed, which could transport the muons emitted from the muon target into the experimental area, where positrons from muon decay in a test sample are detected by a spectrometer. The beam optics of this new beam line is also described.展开更多
There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of track...There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of tracking a periodic acoustic source. For periodic acoustic tracking, the signal emission time is known. However, the true measurement reception time is unknown because it is corrupted by noise due to propagation delay. We augment the sensor’s signal reception time onto bearing measurements, and the information of the delay constraint is included in the original bearing measurements to compensate for the propagation delay. A Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) is used for periodic acoustic source tracking, in which measurement prediction cannot be obtained directly because the sensor’s position at the true measurement reception time is unknown.We solve this problem by using the implicit Gauss-Helmert Sensor Model(GHSM) for estimating the sensor’s position, which consists of the sensor’s motion equation and the known measured sensor’s signal reception time equation related to the state. Then a CKF based on the GHSM(CF-GHSM) is developed for periodic acoustic tracking. Illustrative examples demonstrate that the CF-GHSM algorithm is better than other algorithms for periodic acoustic source tracking.展开更多
Eastern Hebei Province is one of the important gold mineralization areas in North China, and detailed investigations have been made in this area. Different mineralization models and different ore-forming sources have ...Eastern Hebei Province is one of the important gold mineralization areas in North China, and detailed investigations have been made in this area. Different mineralization models and different ore-forming sources have been proposed for the gold deposits in this area. As more detailed work was made and more information has been accumulated, it is necessary to make a new investigation on gold metallogenesis and its source. This paper presents the data about 13 gold deposits (occurrences). It is concluded that the element gold came from the deep mantle. Different models of metallogenesis substantially describe such processes that ore-forming fluids were involved in metallogenesis in different favorable loci. Gold ore prospecting should be focused on fluid channel ways and favorable structures.展开更多
A small unbalanced maglletron atom source with multipole cusp magnetic field anode is described. The co-axial magnetron principle is extended to the circularplanar magnetron atom source, which raises the efficiency of...A small unbalanced maglletron atom source with multipole cusp magnetic field anode is described. The co-axial magnetron principle is extended to the circularplanar magnetron atom source, which raises the efficiency of sputtering target areaup to 60%. The multipole magnetic field is put in the anode, which makes theunbalanced magnetron atomsource run in a higher discharge current at a lower arcvoltage condition. Meanwhile, the sputtering atoms through out the anode can beionized partially, because the electron reaching the anode have to suffer multiplecollisions in order to advallce across the multipole magnetic field lines in the anode,which enhances the chemical reactivity of the secting atoms in film growth andimprove the property of film depositing.展开更多
Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be va...Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be varied. The video signal transformed by video switching card is used to test the performances of the electronic box of TV tracking equipment. These performances include minimal tracking contrast, minimal size of tracking target, maximal tracking speed and capture time.展开更多
Tandem-based learning is a way of collaborative learning with which two different language users communicate in theirtarget language. It implies that the both learners play a role as a teacher and learner. Through suf...Tandem-based learning is a way of collaborative learning with which two different language users communicate in theirtarget language. It implies that the both learners play a role as a teacher and learner. Through sufficient cooperative duration andexposure to their target language learning, their interest and motivation of translation majors were noticeably inspired. This programis sure to be very effective for foreign language learning, if the two principles are followed: principle of reciprocity and self-initia-tive.展开更多
With the development of society and economy in our country, the society's attention to the ecological environment is also constantly improving. Not only from the perspective of superstructure but also from the per...With the development of society and economy in our country, the society's attention to the ecological environment is also constantly improving. Not only from the perspective of superstructure but also from the perspective of economic foundation, the traditional development model has been changed, thus forming a development model that does not take a single economic benefit as the only development goal, and attaches great importance to the protection of the ecological environment. In the analysis in the article, the measures and methods of quality management based on the second national pollution source census are analyzed.展开更多
Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy,which is often plagued by poor selectivity,off-target effects,and drug resistance.Among the various targeting agents in devel...Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy,which is often plagued by poor selectivity,off-target effects,and drug resistance.Among the various targeting agents in development,peptides stand out for their unique advantages,including minimal immunogenicity,high tissue penetration,and ease of modification.Their small size,specificity,and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively.Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery,improving tumor imaging,and reducing adverse effects.With cancer responsible for millions of deaths worldwide,the development of peptide-based therapeutics offers new hope in addressing the limitations of current treatments.As detailed studies on different aspects of targeting peptides are crucial for optimizing drug development,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on tumor-targeting peptides,including their structure,sources,modes of action,and their application in cancer therapy—both as standalone agents and in fusion drugs.Additionally,various computational tools for peptide-based tumor-targeting drug design and validation are explored.The promising results from these studies highlight peptides as ideal candidates for targeted cancer therapies,offering valuable insights for researchers and accelerating the discovery of novel anti-tumor peptide base drug candidates.展开更多
两歧双歧杆菌作为重要益生菌,其工业化培养过程中存在氮源利用率低、生长密度低等问题。前期研究发现,两歧双歧杆菌可利用含脯氨酸的肽。该研究旨在根据两歧双歧杆菌的氮源利用特征靶向制备脯氨酸肽,以提升氮源利用效率和生长水平。研...两歧双歧杆菌作为重要益生菌,其工业化培养过程中存在氮源利用率低、生长密度低等问题。前期研究发现,两歧双歧杆菌可利用含脯氨酸的肽。该研究旨在根据两歧双歧杆菌的氮源利用特征靶向制备脯氨酸肽,以提升氮源利用效率和生长水平。研究优选5种富脯氨酸蛋白和5种蛋白酶制备短肽,结合菌株培养从中筛选出了2种高含脯氨酸且对生长有益的底物蛋白(酪蛋白、谷蛋白)。结合菌株氮源利用特性与肽酶特征制定多步酶解策略,利用计算机工具预测了酶解肽,并使用分子对接模拟肽段与肽转运的关键蛋白寡肽结合蛋白OppA(oligopeptide binding protein A,OppA)的结合,发现77.5%以上的肽都能与OppA有效结合。经酶解制备得到了6种脯氨酸肽,分子质量为180~2000 Da的肽占到72.49%以上(180~500 Da的短肽>50%),且脯氨酸大多以肽的形式存在(极少量游离)。将制备的脯氨酸肽与1种乳清蛋白肽都用作培养,发现乳清蛋白肽WA(whey protein peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease,WA)与酪蛋白肽CAF(casein peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and flavourzyme,CAF)按质量比2∶1复配,添加量8 g/L时活菌数达到(2.04±0.1)×10^(9)CFU/mL,单位氮源产生(1.38±0.18)×10^(12)CFU的活菌,相较于传统MRS培养基分别提升35%和198.5%。该研究为两歧双歧杆菌的高效培养及工业化应用提供了创新策略。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFE0200600the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR23F010005the Huawei Cooperation Project under Grant No.TC20240829036。
文摘Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (62202477)。
文摘Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study,we proposed a lightweight human-AI collaboration framework that utilized multi-modal large language models(MLLMs)to achieve visual-language conversion,combined chain-of-thought(CoT)reasoning to optimize decision-making,and constructed a heuristic strategy that incorporated probability distribution filtering and a balance between exploitation and exploration.The effectiveness of the framework was verified by experiments.The human-AI alignment heuristic strategy with large language model adaptation design provides a new idea to reduce manual dependency for source search task in complex scenes.
文摘A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV100 silicon photodiode combined with a McPHERSON model 247 grazing incidence monochromator of the resolution Δλ≤0.075 nm and the wavelength scanning interval 0.5 nm. Both ethanol and acetone target LPP source had EUV emission at 11～20 nm wavelength. The comparison between the spectra of the two kinds of target materials shows that all the two kinds of target source's spectra are the result of oxygen ions' transitions under current source's parameters, but the spectrum intensity from different target sources is different. The spectra intensity from the ethanol target is higher than that from the acetone target. In addition, the target liquid is forced into the vacuum chamber by the background pressure supported by the connected external high pressure gas, and the influence of the background pressure on the source's intensity is investigated.
基金Tianjin Education Commission Research Program,Humanities and Social Sciences,(Project No.:2022SK064)Innovation Training Program at Tianjin Normal University in 2024,“Research on the Function of Rural Norms in Source Governance of Disputes from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization”(Project No.:202410065027)。
文摘This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.
文摘In recent years, the idea for undulator based Positron source had become a current design for international linear Collider (ILC). This design is that the beam from the electron main linac passes through a long helical undulator to generate a highly polarized and multi-Mev photon beam which hits a thin metal rotating target to generate showers of Positron[1]. During this procedure, the multi-Kev energy Positron will heat target and then damage the rotating target system[2].
文摘Cultural knowledge of both the source and target culture plays a significant role in the translation. For the reason that translation is an activity of cross-cultural communication, cultural knowledge can bring the important impact on translation, including facilitating the quality of translation, overcoming cultural barriers and equipping translators as qualified intercultural communicators. From above aspects, cultural knowledge is taking up a dominant position in translation and influencing translation effectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11075154)
文摘This paper presents a conceptual design for the first tentative surface muon source based on the proton beam provided by China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS）. We have calcu- lated the optimal parameters of solid muon target, in which the method of Monte Carlo simula- tion is used to obtain the optimal muon beam parameters, such as beam fiuence rate, momentum spread and phase space distribution. A simple muon transport beamline system was also designed, which could transport the muons emitted from the muon target into the experimental area, where positrons from muon decay in a test sample are detected by a spectrometer. The beam optics of this new beam line is also described.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(No.2017YFB1301101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61673317 and 61673313)。
文摘There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of tracking a periodic acoustic source. For periodic acoustic tracking, the signal emission time is known. However, the true measurement reception time is unknown because it is corrupted by noise due to propagation delay. We augment the sensor’s signal reception time onto bearing measurements, and the information of the delay constraint is included in the original bearing measurements to compensate for the propagation delay. A Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) is used for periodic acoustic source tracking, in which measurement prediction cannot be obtained directly because the sensor’s position at the true measurement reception time is unknown.We solve this problem by using the implicit Gauss-Helmert Sensor Model(GHSM) for estimating the sensor’s position, which consists of the sensor’s motion equation and the known measured sensor’s signal reception time equation related to the state. Then a CKF based on the GHSM(CF-GHSM) is developed for periodic acoustic tracking. Illustrative examples demonstrate that the CF-GHSM algorithm is better than other algorithms for periodic acoustic source tracking.
文摘Eastern Hebei Province is one of the important gold mineralization areas in North China, and detailed investigations have been made in this area. Different mineralization models and different ore-forming sources have been proposed for the gold deposits in this area. As more detailed work was made and more information has been accumulated, it is necessary to make a new investigation on gold metallogenesis and its source. This paper presents the data about 13 gold deposits (occurrences). It is concluded that the element gold came from the deep mantle. Different models of metallogenesis substantially describe such processes that ore-forming fluids were involved in metallogenesis in different favorable loci. Gold ore prospecting should be focused on fluid channel ways and favorable structures.
文摘A small unbalanced maglletron atom source with multipole cusp magnetic field anode is described. The co-axial magnetron principle is extended to the circularplanar magnetron atom source, which raises the efficiency of sputtering target areaup to 60%. The multipole magnetic field is put in the anode, which makes theunbalanced magnetron atomsource run in a higher discharge current at a lower arcvoltage condition. Meanwhile, the sputtering atoms through out the anode can beionized partially, because the electron reaching the anode have to suffer multiplecollisions in order to advallce across the multipole magnetic field lines in the anode,which enhances the chemical reactivity of the secting atoms in film growth andimprove the property of film depositing.
文摘Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be varied. The video signal transformed by video switching card is used to test the performances of the electronic box of TV tracking equipment. These performances include minimal tracking contrast, minimal size of tracking target, maximal tracking speed and capture time.
文摘Tandem-based learning is a way of collaborative learning with which two different language users communicate in theirtarget language. It implies that the both learners play a role as a teacher and learner. Through sufficient cooperative duration andexposure to their target language learning, their interest and motivation of translation majors were noticeably inspired. This programis sure to be very effective for foreign language learning, if the two principles are followed: principle of reciprocity and self-initia-tive.
文摘With the development of society and economy in our country, the society's attention to the ecological environment is also constantly improving. Not only from the perspective of superstructure but also from the perspective of economic foundation, the traditional development model has been changed, thus forming a development model that does not take a single economic benefit as the only development goal, and attaches great importance to the protection of the ecological environment. In the analysis in the article, the measures and methods of quality management based on the second national pollution source census are analyzed.
文摘Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy,which is often plagued by poor selectivity,off-target effects,and drug resistance.Among the various targeting agents in development,peptides stand out for their unique advantages,including minimal immunogenicity,high tissue penetration,and ease of modification.Their small size,specificity,and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively.Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery,improving tumor imaging,and reducing adverse effects.With cancer responsible for millions of deaths worldwide,the development of peptide-based therapeutics offers new hope in addressing the limitations of current treatments.As detailed studies on different aspects of targeting peptides are crucial for optimizing drug development,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on tumor-targeting peptides,including their structure,sources,modes of action,and their application in cancer therapy—both as standalone agents and in fusion drugs.Additionally,various computational tools for peptide-based tumor-targeting drug design and validation are explored.The promising results from these studies highlight peptides as ideal candidates for targeted cancer therapies,offering valuable insights for researchers and accelerating the discovery of novel anti-tumor peptide base drug candidates.
文摘两歧双歧杆菌作为重要益生菌,其工业化培养过程中存在氮源利用率低、生长密度低等问题。前期研究发现,两歧双歧杆菌可利用含脯氨酸的肽。该研究旨在根据两歧双歧杆菌的氮源利用特征靶向制备脯氨酸肽,以提升氮源利用效率和生长水平。研究优选5种富脯氨酸蛋白和5种蛋白酶制备短肽,结合菌株培养从中筛选出了2种高含脯氨酸且对生长有益的底物蛋白(酪蛋白、谷蛋白)。结合菌株氮源利用特性与肽酶特征制定多步酶解策略,利用计算机工具预测了酶解肽,并使用分子对接模拟肽段与肽转运的关键蛋白寡肽结合蛋白OppA(oligopeptide binding protein A,OppA)的结合,发现77.5%以上的肽都能与OppA有效结合。经酶解制备得到了6种脯氨酸肽,分子质量为180~2000 Da的肽占到72.49%以上(180~500 Da的短肽>50%),且脯氨酸大多以肽的形式存在(极少量游离)。将制备的脯氨酸肽与1种乳清蛋白肽都用作培养,发现乳清蛋白肽WA(whey protein peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease,WA)与酪蛋白肽CAF(casein peptides hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and flavourzyme,CAF)按质量比2∶1复配,添加量8 g/L时活菌数达到(2.04±0.1)×10^(9)CFU/mL,单位氮源产生(1.38±0.18)×10^(12)CFU的活菌,相较于传统MRS培养基分别提升35%和198.5%。该研究为两歧双歧杆菌的高效培养及工业化应用提供了创新策略。
