This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and...This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.展开更多
This article discussed the oil industry in Nigeria and its impact on the economy, environment, and the citizens. The black gold （oil） was first discovered in Nigeria after several trials by white explorers in Oloibi...This article discussed the oil industry in Nigeria and its impact on the economy, environment, and the citizens. The black gold （oil） was first discovered in Nigeria after several trials by white explorers in Oloibiri （present day Bayelsa State） in 1956 by Shell D＇Arcy later renamed Shell-BP. By 1958, Nigeria joined the rank ofoil producers, when its first oil field came on stream. It was in the same year that the first shipment of oil from Nigeria occurred. Since then oil became Nigeria＇s primary export with about 95% of its govemment revenue coming from the ＂black gold＂, pushing agriculture and other sources of revenue to the background. The study discovered that the high revenue realised from the black gold especially after the Civil War, was not used by the government to transform Nigeria from a third world to a first world country as was predicted rather heavily mismanaged. The study further discovered that the multinational companies （MNC） responsible for drilling oil in Nigeria are guilty of polluting and degrading the environment via oil spills, thereby exposing the citizens to all kinds＇ health related problems and further poverty. The study concludes with the following： The corruption going on in the region must be tackled head long so that the citizens （the youth especially） will begin to feel the effect of the wealth generated from black gold. The government should also invest more on the education of its citizens to enable development in the country.展开更多
基金Tianjin Education Commission Research Program,Humanities and Social Sciences,(Project No.:2022SK064)Innovation Training Program at Tianjin Normal University in 2024,“Research on the Function of Rural Norms in Source Governance of Disputes from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization”(Project No.:202410065027)。
文摘This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.
文摘This article discussed the oil industry in Nigeria and its impact on the economy, environment, and the citizens. The black gold （oil） was first discovered in Nigeria after several trials by white explorers in Oloibiri （present day Bayelsa State） in 1956 by Shell D＇Arcy later renamed Shell-BP. By 1958, Nigeria joined the rank ofoil producers, when its first oil field came on stream. It was in the same year that the first shipment of oil from Nigeria occurred. Since then oil became Nigeria＇s primary export with about 95% of its govemment revenue coming from the ＂black gold＂, pushing agriculture and other sources of revenue to the background. The study discovered that the high revenue realised from the black gold especially after the Civil War, was not used by the government to transform Nigeria from a third world to a first world country as was predicted rather heavily mismanaged. The study further discovered that the multinational companies （MNC） responsible for drilling oil in Nigeria are guilty of polluting and degrading the environment via oil spills, thereby exposing the citizens to all kinds＇ health related problems and further poverty. The study concludes with the following： The corruption going on in the region must be tackled head long so that the citizens （the youth especially） will begin to feel the effect of the wealth generated from black gold. The government should also invest more on the education of its citizens to enable development in the country.
