The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the sa...The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.展开更多
A new 6.1 channel surround sound system and its two signal mixing methods are proposed. Theoretical and experimental results show that the system is able to recreate 360° sound image in horizontal plane. Especial...A new 6.1 channel surround sound system and its two signal mixing methods are proposed. Theoretical and experimental results show that the system is able to recreate 360° sound image in horizontal plane. Especiallys compared with current 5.1 channel system, lateral and rear image of the new system is improved obviously. Therefore it is suitable to be used as a general surround sound system. It is also proved that, the new system is fully compatible with 5.1 channel system, and current methods are available to record 6.1 channel signals.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[grant number NA15NOS4000200].
文摘The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China !(project 19974012) The Science and Technology Project 98-J-010 - 01 of Guang
文摘A new 6.1 channel surround sound system and its two signal mixing methods are proposed. Theoretical and experimental results show that the system is able to recreate 360° sound image in horizontal plane. Especiallys compared with current 5.1 channel system, lateral and rear image of the new system is improved obviously. Therefore it is suitable to be used as a general surround sound system. It is also proved that, the new system is fully compatible with 5.1 channel system, and current methods are available to record 6.1 channel signals.
