Poor soil structure and nutrients, excessive exchangeable Na＋, high pH as well as low enzyme activities are common in the solonetz, and significantly restrict corn （Zea mays L.） production. Cattle manure applicatio...Poor soil structure and nutrients, excessive exchangeable Na＋, high pH as well as low enzyme activities are common in the solonetz, and significantly restrict corn （Zea mays L.） production. Cattle manure application combined with deep tillage is an important management practice that can affect soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities as well as corn yield in the solonetz. Field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design comprising four treatments： Corn with conventional tillage was used as a control, and corn with manure application combined with deep tillage as well as film mulching and aluminium sulfate were used as the experimental treatments, respectively. The relationship between corn yield and measured soil properties was determined using stepwise regression analysis. Manure application combined with deep tillage management was more effective than conventional tillage for increasing corn yield and for improving soil properties in the solonetz. The highest corn yield was obtained in the treatments with manure application＋deep tillage＋plastic film mulching （11 472 and 12 228 kg ha-l）, and increased by 38 and 43% comparing with the control treatment （8 343 and 8 552 kg ha-1） both in the 2013 and 2014 experiments, respectively. Using factor analysis, three factors were obtained, which represented soil fertility status, soil saline-alkaline properties and soil structural properties both in the 2013 and 2014 experiments, respectively. Manure and deep tillage management resulted in two distinct groups of soil properties： （1） soils with manure application combined with deep tillage and （2） soils with conventional tillage. Stepwise regression analysis showed that corn yield was significantly and positively correlated to urease and available P, as well as negatively correlated to pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, exchange sodium percentage （ESP）, and bulk density （Pb）. We concluded that Pb was dominant factor for corn yield on the basis of discriminant coefficient. Manure application combined with deep tillage man- agement resulted in an increase in corn yield mainly owing to improved soil structural properties, followed by decreased soil saline-alkaline obstacle as well as increased urease activity and available P. This result is likely that the improvement in soil organic matter （SOM） from manure application greatly and positively contributed to better soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities, especially decrease in pb. Suggestion for corn production should be improvement in soilstructural properties firstly. This could cause decrease in Pb that key factor which limited the corn production in the solonetz.展开更多
Furfural residue, an industrial waste, is a kind of strongly acidic organic materials. Its comprehensive utilization in agriculture showed a significant effect on control of soil alkalization, amelioration of solonetz...Furfural residue, an industrial waste, is a kind of strongly acidic organic materials. Its comprehensive utilization in agriculture showed a significant effect on control of soil alkalization, amelioration of solonetz and increase of crop yields. In detail it may adjust pH, depress alkalinity, reduce bulk density and compactness and increase water permeability and retention ability of the soil. Meanwhile agricultural use of furfural residue provided an effective way to avoid its pollution of the soil, Water and air.展开更多
The wheat yield variation on solonetz and chernozem soil in six environments was in study in order to obtain information for use of genetic variability and for building strategy in plant breeding for less productive a...The wheat yield variation on solonetz and chernozem soil in six environments was in study in order to obtain information for use of genetic variability and for building strategy in plant breeding for less productive and marginal environments. The sample of eight bread wheat varieties： Rcnesansa, Pobeda, Rapsodija, Dragana, Cipovka, Evropa 90, NSR-5 and Nevesinjka, which are characterized by tolerance to stressful growing conditions and broader adaptability, was selected for the study. The trial was established by Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications at two locations in the Pannonian Plain, Northern Serbia in two vegetation periods 2004/2005 and 2008/2009. Locations differed in a soil type, primarily. The tested locality was on solonetz, while control locality was on chernozem soil type. Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction model （AMMI） grouped varieties that exhibited strong reaction to environmental improvement （Nevesinjka and Evropa 90）, varieties showing fairly small GE interaction （Renesansa, Cipovka and Pobeda） and varieties having the ability for maximum use of less productive soil in better meteorological conditions （Dragana, Rapsodija and NSR-5）. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the effect of soil quality variation on grain yield in trial. Varieties have interacted differently with the environment, depending on their genetic background.展开更多
龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地主要分布在我国西北旱区,其土壤碱化度高、结构差、导水率低是制约其改良利用的关键因素。通过在滴头下方设置沙穴,探索在滴灌条件下种植枸杞的方式改良利用该盐碱荒地的可行性。通过设置-5 k Pa(S1)、-10 k Pa(S2)...龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地主要分布在我国西北旱区,其土壤碱化度高、结构差、导水率低是制约其改良利用的关键因素。通过在滴头下方设置沙穴,探索在滴灌条件下种植枸杞的方式改良利用该盐碱荒地的可行性。通过设置-5 k Pa(S1)、-10 k Pa(S2)、-15 k Pa(S3)、-20 k Pa(S4)和-25 k Pa(S5)5个不同土壤基质势控制灌水下限处理,寻求最优的滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明,种植后土壤水分入渗性能得到显著改善,滴头下湿润区域面积不断增大,逐渐形成一个脱盐区(ECe<4 d S/m)。控制较高的土壤基质势下限,有利于土壤盐分的淋洗。滴灌种植后土壤的ECe/SARe显著增加,说明土壤盐分组成特征发生变化,土壤物理性质得到改善;土壤速效养分含量显著增加,其中硝态氮表现出较强的随水迁移性,存在淋失风险,而速效磷随水迁移性弱,主要积累在0~20 cm深度内。种植3 a之后,S1成活率最低(56.8%),S3最高(81.1%),而S2、S3和S4产量显著高于其他处理(p<0.05),三者之间差异不显著,均为900 kg/hm^2左右,达到当地良田水平。结合土壤水盐特征、养分分布及枸杞生长等各方面因素,可以通过在滴头下设置沙穴滴灌种植枸杞的方式改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地,并在种植前2 a控制土壤基质势下限为-10 k Pa,从第3年改为-20 k Pa。展开更多
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501315 and 41501316)the Special Funds for the Young Talents Project of Northeast Agricultural University,China(14QC31)+1 种基金the Key Technology Research of Efficient Fertilization of Farmland and Promotion of Land Productivity in Songnen Plain of China(YS15B15)the Fund of Postdoctor in China(2014M551207)
文摘Poor soil structure and nutrients, excessive exchangeable Na＋, high pH as well as low enzyme activities are common in the solonetz, and significantly restrict corn （Zea mays L.） production. Cattle manure application combined with deep tillage is an important management practice that can affect soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities as well as corn yield in the solonetz. Field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design comprising four treatments： Corn with conventional tillage was used as a control, and corn with manure application combined with deep tillage as well as film mulching and aluminium sulfate were used as the experimental treatments, respectively. The relationship between corn yield and measured soil properties was determined using stepwise regression analysis. Manure application combined with deep tillage management was more effective than conventional tillage for increasing corn yield and for improving soil properties in the solonetz. The highest corn yield was obtained in the treatments with manure application＋deep tillage＋plastic film mulching （11 472 and 12 228 kg ha-l）, and increased by 38 and 43% comparing with the control treatment （8 343 and 8 552 kg ha-1） both in the 2013 and 2014 experiments, respectively. Using factor analysis, three factors were obtained, which represented soil fertility status, soil saline-alkaline properties and soil structural properties both in the 2013 and 2014 experiments, respectively. Manure and deep tillage management resulted in two distinct groups of soil properties： （1） soils with manure application combined with deep tillage and （2） soils with conventional tillage. Stepwise regression analysis showed that corn yield was significantly and positively correlated to urease and available P, as well as negatively correlated to pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, exchange sodium percentage （ESP）, and bulk density （Pb）. We concluded that Pb was dominant factor for corn yield on the basis of discriminant coefficient. Manure application combined with deep tillage man- agement resulted in an increase in corn yield mainly owing to improved soil structural properties, followed by decreased soil saline-alkaline obstacle as well as increased urease activity and available P. This result is likely that the improvement in soil organic matter （SOM） from manure application greatly and positively contributed to better soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities, especially decrease in pb. Suggestion for corn production should be improvement in soilstructural properties firstly. This could cause decrease in Pb that key factor which limited the corn production in the solonetz.
文摘Furfural residue, an industrial waste, is a kind of strongly acidic organic materials. Its comprehensive utilization in agriculture showed a significant effect on control of soil alkalization, amelioration of solonetz and increase of crop yields. In detail it may adjust pH, depress alkalinity, reduce bulk density and compactness and increase water permeability and retention ability of the soil. Meanwhile agricultural use of furfural residue provided an effective way to avoid its pollution of the soil, Water and air.
文摘The wheat yield variation on solonetz and chernozem soil in six environments was in study in order to obtain information for use of genetic variability and for building strategy in plant breeding for less productive and marginal environments. The sample of eight bread wheat varieties： Rcnesansa, Pobeda, Rapsodija, Dragana, Cipovka, Evropa 90, NSR-5 and Nevesinjka, which are characterized by tolerance to stressful growing conditions and broader adaptability, was selected for the study. The trial was established by Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications at two locations in the Pannonian Plain, Northern Serbia in two vegetation periods 2004/2005 and 2008/2009. Locations differed in a soil type, primarily. The tested locality was on solonetz, while control locality was on chernozem soil type. Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction model （AMMI） grouped varieties that exhibited strong reaction to environmental improvement （Nevesinjka and Evropa 90）, varieties showing fairly small GE interaction （Renesansa, Cipovka and Pobeda） and varieties having the ability for maximum use of less productive soil in better meteorological conditions （Dragana, Rapsodija and NSR-5）. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the effect of soil quality variation on grain yield in trial. Varieties have interacted differently with the environment, depending on their genetic background.
文摘龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地主要分布在我国西北旱区,其土壤碱化度高、结构差、导水率低是制约其改良利用的关键因素。通过在滴头下方设置沙穴,探索在滴灌条件下种植枸杞的方式改良利用该盐碱荒地的可行性。通过设置-5 k Pa(S1)、-10 k Pa(S2)、-15 k Pa(S3)、-20 k Pa(S4)和-25 k Pa(S5)5个不同土壤基质势控制灌水下限处理,寻求最优的滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明,种植后土壤水分入渗性能得到显著改善,滴头下湿润区域面积不断增大,逐渐形成一个脱盐区(ECe<4 d S/m)。控制较高的土壤基质势下限,有利于土壤盐分的淋洗。滴灌种植后土壤的ECe/SARe显著增加,说明土壤盐分组成特征发生变化,土壤物理性质得到改善;土壤速效养分含量显著增加,其中硝态氮表现出较强的随水迁移性,存在淋失风险,而速效磷随水迁移性弱,主要积累在0~20 cm深度内。种植3 a之后,S1成活率最低(56.8%),S3最高(81.1%),而S2、S3和S4产量显著高于其他处理(p<0.05),三者之间差异不显著,均为900 kg/hm^2左右,达到当地良田水平。结合土壤水盐特征、养分分布及枸杞生长等各方面因素,可以通过在滴头下设置沙穴滴灌种植枸杞的方式改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地,并在种植前2 a控制土壤基质势下限为-10 k Pa,从第3年改为-20 k Pa。
