1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regul...1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between...Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.展开更多
The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The nat...The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.展开更多
Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,lim...Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.展开更多
Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impac...Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.展开更多
Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This s...Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This study addresses the challenge by exploring how modulation of the 3d-orbital electronic structure of FeN_(4) active sites influences ORR electrocatalysis.To realize this,a catalyst composed of Fe_(3)C nanoparticles and FeN_(4) single atoms anchored on carbon black(Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB)was synthesized via a synergistic strategy of spatial confinement and atmosphere control.This unique heterostructure creates interfaces between Fe_(3)C and FeN_(4) that modulate the electronic configuration of the FeN_(4) center,transforming its geometry from square-planar to quasi-octahedral.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this orbital modulation results in a downward shift of the Fe dband center,altering the reaction pathway and lowering the energy barrier for ORR.Consequently,the Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB catalyst exhibits outstanding ORR activity,four-electron selectivity,excellent methanol tolerance,and remarkable electrochemical stability.When applied in a zinc-air battery,it achieves a peak power density of 178.4 mW cm^(-2)and superior cycling stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provides valuable insights into heterointerface-induced orbital modulation as a promising design principle for high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.展开更多
The universality and atomic-level structure of solid-liquid interfaces critically govern functionality across chemical,biological,and geological systems.In electrocatalysis,this interfacial structure dictates reaction...The universality and atomic-level structure of solid-liquid interfaces critically govern functionality across chemical,biological,and geological systems.In electrocatalysis,this interfacial structure dictates reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.However,fundamental understanding of structure-property relationships and their correlation with preferential reaction pathways remains incomplete.While conventional models emphasize adsorbate-surface covalent bonding and long-range electrode-electrolyte electrostatic interactions,emerging evidence highlights the significant impact of noncovalent adsorbate-electrolyte interactions on the electrical double layer(EDL)structure and electrocatalytic kinetics.Critically,both electrode and electrolyte co-determine catalytic performance.Despite advances in catalyst design,the electrolyte's role in modulating the local interfacial environment is inadequately understood,hindering optimization of activity,selectivity,and stability.Elucidating interfacial electrolyte effects is thus paramount,equaling the importance of intrinsic catalyst properties.This review commences by evaluating established and emerging theoretical frameworks describing the electrochemical solid-liquid interphase.Progressing to mechanistic insights,we decipher the role of electrolyte composition-specifically cation/anion speciation,concentration,and pH-in modulating the activity and selectivity of core electrocatalytic reactions.Critical assessment follows of state-of-the-art operando spectroscopic and scattering methodologies for resolving the dynamic evolution of buried interfaces.We conclude by delineating fundamental knowledge gaps and strategic research trajectories for electrolyte engineering to advance electrocatalytic microenvironments.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the develo...Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the development of AABs is constrained by inevitable parasitic side reactions and anodic surface passivation film formation.The present work introduced an innovative hybrid corrosion inhibitor consisting of potassium stannate,decyl glucoside,and 1,10-decanedithiol to regulate solid-liquid interface reactions in alkaline AABs.The findings indicated that the optimal hybrid corrosion inhibitor could reduce the hydrogen evolution rate from 0.2095 to 0.0406 mL cm^(-2)min^(-1),achieving an inhibition efficiency of 80.62%.The surface analysis discussed in detail the evolution process of the solid-liquid interface after the introduction of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor into the battery.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that decyl glucoside enhanced the adsorption and coverage efficiency of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor through the“micelle solubilization”effect and optimized the structure and properties of the solid-liquid interface.This study also contributed valuable insights into the corrosion inhibition mechanism at the solid-liquid interface of alkaline AABs.展开更多
Metal nitrides exhibit excellent properties and application potential as electromagnetic wave(EMW)ab-sorbing materials.Their high conductivity and adjustable dielectric properties allow them to effectively attenuate E...Metal nitrides exhibit excellent properties and application potential as electromagnetic wave(EMW)ab-sorbing materials.Their high conductivity and adjustable dielectric properties allow them to effectively attenuate EMW.However,the current research on the synergistic effect of metal nitrides is scarce and has limited applications in the field of EMW absorption.In this work,Co/Ni metal-nitride fiber composites with multiphase structures were constructed by electrostatic spinning and multiphase composite process.The synergistic loss mechanism of multiphase structure and N atomic modulation is explored by modu-lating the components and microstructure of the materials.By constructing the multiphase composites,the controllable tuning of non-homogeneous interfaces and the enhanced interfacial polarization loss ef-fect were achieved.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the charge transfer ca-pability at the interface of multiphase Co/Ni metal nitride fiber composites.Through the controllable reg-ulation of the multiphase structure,the Co/Ni bimetallic nitride fiber composite(Co_(5.47)N/Ni_(4)N/CF)exhib-ited the strongest polarization loss capability,achieving a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−43.82 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(max))of 7.04 GHz.This study provides a valuable reference for multiphase composites in the field of EMW absorption by exploring the polarization loss mechanism of Co/Ni metal nitride multiphase materials.展开更多
In the face of the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, a component modulation strategy is proposed in this study. By integrating ZIF-67 and FeOOH into MXene nanosheets and performing heat treatm...In the face of the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, a component modulation strategy is proposed in this study. By integrating ZIF-67 and FeOOH into MXene nanosheets and performing heat treatment, a multiphase heterogeneous structure based on the multicomponent synergistic effect was successfully constructed. The synergistic effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss is realized, and the rich heterogeneous interface and multi-scale structure significantly enhance the interface polarization and multiple scattering. The results show that the EMW absorption performance can be optimized by adjusting the composition of the composites. MXene@CoFe_(2)O_(4) exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -44.98 dB at 2.3 mm thickness and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_(max)) of 4.64 GHz at 2.1 mm. MXene@CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CoFe composite has an RLmin of -55.14 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm and an EAB_(max) of 5.60 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm. This work provides important insights into the development of wideband EMW absorbent materials.展开更多
The Rock-soil interface is a common geological interface.Due to mechanical differences between soil and rock,the stress waves generated by underground blasting undergo intense polarization when crossing the rock-soil ...The Rock-soil interface is a common geological interface.Due to mechanical differences between soil and rock,the stress waves generated by underground blasting undergo intense polarization when crossing the rock-soil interface,making propagation laws difficult to predict.Currently,the characteristics of the impact of the rock-soil interface on blasting stress waves remain unclear.Therefore,the vibration field caused by cylindrical charge blasting in elastic rock and partial-saturation poro-viscoelastic soil was solved.A forward algorithm for the underground blasting vibration field in rock-soil sites was proposed,considering medium damping and geometric diffusion effects of stress waves.Further investigation into the influence of rock and soil parameters and blasting source parameters revealed the following conclusions:stress waves in soil exhibit dispersion,causing peak particle velocity(PPV)to display a discrete distribution.Soil parameters affect PPV attenuation only within the soil,while blasting source parameters affect PPV attenuation throughout the entire site.Multi-wave coupling effects induced by the rocksoil interface result in zones of enhanced and attenuated PPV within the site.The size of the enhancement zone is inversely correlated with the distance from the blasting source and positively correlated with the blasting source attenuation rate and burial depth,providing guidance for selecting explosives and blasting positions.Additionally,PPV attenuation rate increases with distance from the rock-soil interface,but an amplification effect occurs near the interface,most noticeable at 0.1 m.Thus,a sufficient safety distance from the rock-soil interface is necessary during underground blasting.展开更多
Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the...Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)have attracted much attention due to their high safety and cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries.However,the high interface impedance between the electrode and the solid-state elect...Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)have attracted much attention due to their high safety and cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries.However,the high interface impedance between the electrode and the solid-state electrolyte hinders their practical application.In this work,the solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte S-Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)-LE05(S-LATP-LE05)(LATP:Li_(1.5)Al_(0.5)Ti_(1.5)(PO_(4))_(3))sheet is prepared by dropping liquid electrolyte(LE)with appropriate FeF_(2) into spark plasma sintering S-LATP(solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte),which shows high-density and high-ionic-conductivity(5.78×10^(-4) S/cm).When the amount of FeF_(2) is 0.5 wt%,the interfacial properties between the anode and electrolyte are improved,and the S-LATP is well protected by LiF-rich(solid electrolyte interface)(SEI)interface in cycling process.The Li|S-LATP-LE05|Li symmetric battery and full battery show better electrochemical performance and stability relatively.The overpotential of the Li|S-LATP-LE05|Li symmetric battery is smaller and shows more stable electrochemical performance after cycling for 350 h,revealing good compatibility with a lithium metal anode and can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites effectively.The Li|S-LATP-LE05|LiFePO_(4) full battery delivers a specific discharge capacity of 160 mA·h/g at 0.2C for 50 cycles.The corresponding coulombic efficiency is about 99.9%and displays better rate performance compared with the battery without FeF_(2) LE.展开更多
This study aims to validate the Object-Oriented User Interface Customization(OOUIC)framework by employing Use Case Analysis(UCA)to facilitate the development of adaptive User Interfaces(UIs).The OOUIC framework advoca...This study aims to validate the Object-Oriented User Interface Customization(OOUIC)framework by employing Use Case Analysis(UCA)to facilitate the development of adaptive User Interfaces(UIs).The OOUIC framework advocates for User-Centered Design(UCD)methodologies,including UCA,to systematically identify intricate user requirements and construct adaptive UIs tailored to diverse user needs.To operationalize this approach,thirty users of Product Lifecycle Management(PLM)systems were interviewed across six distinct use cases.Interview transcripts were subjected to deductive content analysis to classify UI objects systematically.Subsequently,adaptive UIs were developed for each use case,and their complexity was quantitatively compared against the original system UIs.The results demonstrated a significant reduction in complexity across all adaptive UIs(Mean Difference,MD=0.11,t(5)=8.26,p<0.001),confirming their superior efficiency.The findings validate the OOUIC framework,demonstrating that UCD effectively captures complex requirements for adaptive UI development,while adaptive UIs mitigate interface complexity through object reduction and optimized layout design.Furthermore,UCA and deductive content analysis serve as robust methodologies for object categorization in adaptive UI design.Beyond eliminating redundant elements and prioritizing object grouping,designers can further reduce complexity by adjusting object dimensions and window sizing.This study underscores the efficacy of UCA in developing adaptive UIs and streamlining complex interfaces.Ultimately,UCD proves instrumental in gathering intricate requirements,while adaptive UIs enhance usability by minimizing object clutter and refining spatial organization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22479016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M781041).
文摘1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1003705)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20220484057)support from China Scholarship Council under Grant CSC No.202110300001.
文摘Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.
基金supported by the School of Engineering and Digital Sciences of Nazarbayev University,Astana,Kazakhstan(to CE)。
文摘The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2511056,52503289 and 52333005)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230018)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students。
文摘Carbazole derivatives with a single phosphonic acid(PA)group are widely used as monolayer interfaces in perovskites and organic solar cells(OSCs).However,their hydrophilic nature renders ITO electrodes hydrophobic,limiting further applications.In this study,a novel carbazole-based compound functionalized with two PA groups,denoted 2PACz-D1,was designed to create a dual hydrophilic interface.This configuration enables the formation of a bilayer hole-transporting layer(HTL).Specifically,one PA group anchors to the ITO electrode,while the other generates a secondary hydrophilic surface.This allows the subsequent deposition of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS,forming a protective bilayer HTL that shields ITO from corrosive acidic polymers.The OSCs incorporating this bilayer HTL achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.44%and exhibited improved thermal stability compared to devices with a single HTL.This work demonstrates the potential of bis-PA carbazole derivatives for tailoring the HTL surface properties,offering promising opportunities for various organic electronic devices.
基金the Beijing Nova Program(no.20240484595)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52406104).
文摘Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22272105 and 22572118)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1423900)。
文摘Optimizing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics requires precise control of intermediate adsorption at active sites,which can be achieved through orbital engineering by regulating the electronic structure.This study addresses the challenge by exploring how modulation of the 3d-orbital electronic structure of FeN_(4) active sites influences ORR electrocatalysis.To realize this,a catalyst composed of Fe_(3)C nanoparticles and FeN_(4) single atoms anchored on carbon black(Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB)was synthesized via a synergistic strategy of spatial confinement and atmosphere control.This unique heterostructure creates interfaces between Fe_(3)C and FeN_(4) that modulate the electronic configuration of the FeN_(4) center,transforming its geometry from square-planar to quasi-octahedral.Spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this orbital modulation results in a downward shift of the Fe dband center,altering the reaction pathway and lowering the energy barrier for ORR.Consequently,the Fe_(3)C-FeN_(4)/CB catalyst exhibits outstanding ORR activity,four-electron selectivity,excellent methanol tolerance,and remarkable electrochemical stability.When applied in a zinc-air battery,it achieves a peak power density of 178.4 mW cm^(-2)and superior cycling stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.This work provides valuable insights into heterointerface-induced orbital modulation as a promising design principle for high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372074 and 52172179)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0211400)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JD2536,buctrc202118 and buctrc202323)the Interdisciplinary Research Center of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Funding No.XK2023-08)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project(B2024209048).
文摘The universality and atomic-level structure of solid-liquid interfaces critically govern functionality across chemical,biological,and geological systems.In electrocatalysis,this interfacial structure dictates reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.However,fundamental understanding of structure-property relationships and their correlation with preferential reaction pathways remains incomplete.While conventional models emphasize adsorbate-surface covalent bonding and long-range electrode-electrolyte electrostatic interactions,emerging evidence highlights the significant impact of noncovalent adsorbate-electrolyte interactions on the electrical double layer(EDL)structure and electrocatalytic kinetics.Critically,both electrode and electrolyte co-determine catalytic performance.Despite advances in catalyst design,the electrolyte's role in modulating the local interfacial environment is inadequately understood,hindering optimization of activity,selectivity,and stability.Elucidating interfacial electrolyte effects is thus paramount,equaling the importance of intrinsic catalyst properties.This review commences by evaluating established and emerging theoretical frameworks describing the electrochemical solid-liquid interphase.Progressing to mechanistic insights,we decipher the role of electrolyte composition-specifically cation/anion speciation,concentration,and pH-in modulating the activity and selectivity of core electrocatalytic reactions.Critical assessment follows of state-of-the-art operando spectroscopic and scattering methodologies for resolving the dynamic evolution of buried interfaces.We conclude by delineating fundamental knowledge gaps and strategic research trajectories for electrolyte engineering to advance electrocatalytic microenvironments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021221148)the Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Graduate Education Innovation Project(SY2023001)+1 种基金the Special Funding Projects for Local Science and Technology Development guided by the Central Committee(YDZJSX2022C028)the Shanxi Province Research and Innovation Project(2024KY656)。
文摘Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the development of AABs is constrained by inevitable parasitic side reactions and anodic surface passivation film formation.The present work introduced an innovative hybrid corrosion inhibitor consisting of potassium stannate,decyl glucoside,and 1,10-decanedithiol to regulate solid-liquid interface reactions in alkaline AABs.The findings indicated that the optimal hybrid corrosion inhibitor could reduce the hydrogen evolution rate from 0.2095 to 0.0406 mL cm^(-2)min^(-1),achieving an inhibition efficiency of 80.62%.The surface analysis discussed in detail the evolution process of the solid-liquid interface after the introduction of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor into the battery.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that decyl glucoside enhanced the adsorption and coverage efficiency of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor through the“micelle solubilization”effect and optimized the structure and properties of the solid-liquid interface.This study also contributed valuable insights into the corrosion inhibition mechanism at the solid-liquid interface of alkaline AABs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52377026 and 52301192)the Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2024ME046 andZR2024QE313)the Post-doctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240327)the Post-doctoral Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.SDCX-ZG-202400275)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2024M751563 and 2024M761554).
文摘Metal nitrides exhibit excellent properties and application potential as electromagnetic wave(EMW)ab-sorbing materials.Their high conductivity and adjustable dielectric properties allow them to effectively attenuate EMW.However,the current research on the synergistic effect of metal nitrides is scarce and has limited applications in the field of EMW absorption.In this work,Co/Ni metal-nitride fiber composites with multiphase structures were constructed by electrostatic spinning and multiphase composite process.The synergistic loss mechanism of multiphase structure and N atomic modulation is explored by modu-lating the components and microstructure of the materials.By constructing the multiphase composites,the controllable tuning of non-homogeneous interfaces and the enhanced interfacial polarization loss ef-fect were achieved.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the charge transfer ca-pability at the interface of multiphase Co/Ni metal nitride fiber composites.Through the controllable reg-ulation of the multiphase structure,the Co/Ni bimetallic nitride fiber composite(Co_(5.47)N/Ni_(4)N/CF)exhib-ited the strongest polarization loss capability,achieving a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−43.82 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(max))of 7.04 GHz.This study provides a valuable reference for multiphase composites in the field of EMW absorption by exploring the polarization loss mechanism of Co/Ni metal nitride multiphase materials.
基金supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026)the Tais-han Scholars Program(No.tsqn202103057)+6 种基金the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024ME046)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240327)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400275)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2024M751563)the Key Innovative Research Team of New Energy Materials and Devices(No.BBXYKYTDxjZD01)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(No.2022AH010101).
文摘In the face of the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, a component modulation strategy is proposed in this study. By integrating ZIF-67 and FeOOH into MXene nanosheets and performing heat treatment, a multiphase heterogeneous structure based on the multicomponent synergistic effect was successfully constructed. The synergistic effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss is realized, and the rich heterogeneous interface and multi-scale structure significantly enhance the interface polarization and multiple scattering. The results show that the EMW absorption performance can be optimized by adjusting the composition of the composites. MXene@CoFe_(2)O_(4) exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -44.98 dB at 2.3 mm thickness and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_(max)) of 4.64 GHz at 2.1 mm. MXene@CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CoFe composite has an RLmin of -55.14 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm and an EAB_(max) of 5.60 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm. This work provides important insights into the development of wideband EMW absorbent materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972286 and 42102329).
文摘The Rock-soil interface is a common geological interface.Due to mechanical differences between soil and rock,the stress waves generated by underground blasting undergo intense polarization when crossing the rock-soil interface,making propagation laws difficult to predict.Currently,the characteristics of the impact of the rock-soil interface on blasting stress waves remain unclear.Therefore,the vibration field caused by cylindrical charge blasting in elastic rock and partial-saturation poro-viscoelastic soil was solved.A forward algorithm for the underground blasting vibration field in rock-soil sites was proposed,considering medium damping and geometric diffusion effects of stress waves.Further investigation into the influence of rock and soil parameters and blasting source parameters revealed the following conclusions:stress waves in soil exhibit dispersion,causing peak particle velocity(PPV)to display a discrete distribution.Soil parameters affect PPV attenuation only within the soil,while blasting source parameters affect PPV attenuation throughout the entire site.Multi-wave coupling effects induced by the rocksoil interface result in zones of enhanced and attenuated PPV within the site.The size of the enhancement zone is inversely correlated with the distance from the blasting source and positively correlated with the blasting source attenuation rate and burial depth,providing guidance for selecting explosives and blasting positions.Additionally,PPV attenuation rate increases with distance from the rock-soil interface,but an amplification effect occurs near the interface,most noticeable at 0.1 m.Thus,a sufficient safety distance from the rock-soil interface is necessary during underground blasting.
基金The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control in 2022(No.SGNR0000KJJS2302150).
文摘Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
基金Project(22XJ01007)supported by Xiangjiang Laboratory of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(52202308)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021RC2092)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)have attracted much attention due to their high safety and cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries.However,the high interface impedance between the electrode and the solid-state electrolyte hinders their practical application.In this work,the solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte S-Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)-LE05(S-LATP-LE05)(LATP:Li_(1.5)Al_(0.5)Ti_(1.5)(PO_(4))_(3))sheet is prepared by dropping liquid electrolyte(LE)with appropriate FeF_(2) into spark plasma sintering S-LATP(solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte),which shows high-density and high-ionic-conductivity(5.78×10^(-4) S/cm).When the amount of FeF_(2) is 0.5 wt%,the interfacial properties between the anode and electrolyte are improved,and the S-LATP is well protected by LiF-rich(solid electrolyte interface)(SEI)interface in cycling process.The Li|S-LATP-LE05|Li symmetric battery and full battery show better electrochemical performance and stability relatively.The overpotential of the Li|S-LATP-LE05|Li symmetric battery is smaller and shows more stable electrochemical performance after cycling for 350 h,revealing good compatibility with a lithium metal anode and can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites effectively.The Li|S-LATP-LE05|LiFePO_(4) full battery delivers a specific discharge capacity of 160 mA·h/g at 0.2C for 50 cycles.The corresponding coulombic efficiency is about 99.9%and displays better rate performance compared with the battery without FeF_(2) LE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72301061).
文摘This study aims to validate the Object-Oriented User Interface Customization(OOUIC)framework by employing Use Case Analysis(UCA)to facilitate the development of adaptive User Interfaces(UIs).The OOUIC framework advocates for User-Centered Design(UCD)methodologies,including UCA,to systematically identify intricate user requirements and construct adaptive UIs tailored to diverse user needs.To operationalize this approach,thirty users of Product Lifecycle Management(PLM)systems were interviewed across six distinct use cases.Interview transcripts were subjected to deductive content analysis to classify UI objects systematically.Subsequently,adaptive UIs were developed for each use case,and their complexity was quantitatively compared against the original system UIs.The results demonstrated a significant reduction in complexity across all adaptive UIs(Mean Difference,MD=0.11,t(5)=8.26,p<0.001),confirming their superior efficiency.The findings validate the OOUIC framework,demonstrating that UCD effectively captures complex requirements for adaptive UI development,while adaptive UIs mitigate interface complexity through object reduction and optimized layout design.Furthermore,UCA and deductive content analysis serve as robust methodologies for object categorization in adaptive UI design.Beyond eliminating redundant elements and prioritizing object grouping,designers can further reduce complexity by adjusting object dimensions and window sizing.This study underscores the efficacy of UCA in developing adaptive UIs and streamlining complex interfaces.Ultimately,UCD proves instrumental in gathering intricate requirements,while adaptive UIs enhance usability by minimizing object clutter and refining spatial organization.
