Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the develo...Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the development of AABs is constrained by inevitable parasitic side reactions and anodic surface passivation film formation.The present work introduced an innovative hybrid corrosion inhibitor consisting of potassium stannate,decyl glucoside,and 1,10-decanedithiol to regulate solid-liquid interface reactions in alkaline AABs.The findings indicated that the optimal hybrid corrosion inhibitor could reduce the hydrogen evolution rate from 0.2095 to 0.0406 mL cm^(-2)min^(-1),achieving an inhibition efficiency of 80.62%.The surface analysis discussed in detail the evolution process of the solid-liquid interface after the introduction of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor into the battery.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that decyl glucoside enhanced the adsorption and coverage efficiency of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor through the“micelle solubilization”effect and optimized the structure and properties of the solid-liquid interface.This study also contributed valuable insights into the corrosion inhibition mechanism at the solid-liquid interface of alkaline AABs.展开更多
Whether the particle will be trapped by the solid-liquid interface or not is dependent on its moving behavior ahead of the interface, so a mathematical model has been developed to investigate the movement of the parti...Whether the particle will be trapped by the solid-liquid interface or not is dependent on its moving behavior ahead of the interface, so a mathematical model has been developed to investigate the movement of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface. Based on the theory for the boundary layer, the fluid velocity field near the solid-liquid interface was obtained, and the trajectories of particles were calculated by the equations of motion for particles. In this model, the drag force, the added mass force, the buoyance force, the gravitational force, the Saffman force and the Basset history force are considered. The results show that the behavior of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface is affected by the physical property of the particle and fluid flow. And in the continuous casting process, if it moves in the stream directed upward or downward near vertical solid-liquid interface or in the horizontal flow under the solid-liquid interface, the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 60um can reach the solid-liquid interface. But if it moves in horizontal flow above the solid-liquid interface, only the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 10 um can reach the solid-liquid interface.展开更多
Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid-liquid interface could be promising to realize the assembled functions for various applications,such as rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysis.This review s...Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid-liquid interface could be promising to realize the assembled functions for various applications,such as rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysis.This review summarizes the self-assembly of the nanoparticles at solid-liquid interface according to the different driving forces of assembly,including hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions,solvophobic and electrostatic interaction.To be specific,the self-assembly can be divided into the following two types:surfactant-assisted self-assembly and direct self-assembly of Janus particles(inorganic and amphiphilic copolymer-inorganic Janus nanoparticles).Using the emulsion stabilized by nanoparticles as the template,the self-assembly constructed by the interaction of the nanostructure unit(including metal,metal oxide,and semiconductor,etc.)not only possesses the characteristic of nanostructure unit,but also exhibits the excellent assembly performance in electrochemistry aspect.The application of these assemblies in the area of electrochemical capacitors is presented.Finally,the current research progress and perspectives toward the self-assembly of nanoparticles at stabilized solid-liquid interface are proposed.展开更多
The solidification microstructure and fractal characteristics of the solid-liquid interfaces of Inconel 718,under different cooling rates during directional solidification,were investigated by using SEM. Results showe...The solidification microstructure and fractal characteristics of the solid-liquid interfaces of Inconel 718,under different cooling rates during directional solidification,were investigated by using SEM. Results showed that 5 μm/s was the cellular-dendrite transient rate. The prime dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) was measured by Image Tool and it decreased with the cooling rate increased. The fractal dimension of the interfaces was calculated and it changes from 1.204310 to 1.517265 with the withdrawal rate ranging from 10 to 100 μm/s. The physical significance of the fractal dimension was analyzed by using fractal theory. It was found that the fractal dimension of the dendrites can be used to describe the solidification microstructure and parameters at low cooling rate,but both the fractal dimension and the dendrite arm spacing are needed in order to integrally describe the evaluation of the solidification microstructure completely.展开更多
The paper presents a new relationship between the three surface tensions on the solid-liquid-vapor interface, γ_(sl)-γ_(sv)+γ_(lv)cosθ=βin order to understand the wetting on the liquid-solid interface in the case...The paper presents a new relationship between the three surface tensions on the solid-liquid-vapor interface, γ_(sl)-γ_(sv)+γ_(lv)cosθ=βin order to understand the wetting on the liquid-solid interface in the case of active adsorption.The authors suggest a new force“apparent active adsorption force”βto take part in the balance at the three interface lines of contact in the solid-liquid-vapor phases,its dimen- sion isβ=Σα_iRT(Γ_i^(sl)-Γ_i^(sv)+Γ_i^(lv)cosθ),and its direction is dependent on the sign of β,whenβis a positive, the direction is agree with surface tension of the sol- id-vapor interface γ and vice versa.展开更多
The morphological instability of solid/liquid(S/L)interface during solidification will result in different patterns of microstructure.In this study,two dimension(2 D)and three dimension(3 D)in-situ observation of soli...The morphological instability of solid/liquid(S/L)interface during solidification will result in different patterns of microstructure.In this study,two dimension(2 D)and three dimension(3 D)in-situ observation of solid/liquid interfacial morphology transition in Al-Zn alloy during directional solidification were performed via X-ray imaging.Under a condition of increasing temperature gradient(G),the interface transition from dendritic pattern to cellular pattern,and then to planar growth with perturbation was captured.The effect of solidification parameter(the ratio of temperature gradient and growth velocity(v),G/v)on morphological instabilities was investigated and the experimental results were compared to classical"constitutional supercooling"theory.The results indicate that 2 D and 3 D evolution process of S/L interface morphology under the same thermal condition are different.It seems that the S/L interface in 2 D observation is easier to achieve planar growth than that in 3 D,implying higher S/L interface stability in 2 D thin plate samples.This can be explained as the restricted liquid flow under 2 D solidification which is beneficial to S/L interface stability.The in-situ observation in present study can provide coherent dataset for microstructural formation investigation and related model validation during solidification.展开更多
The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the grain refinement of superalloy K4169 has been studied in directional solidification.In the presence of the solid-liquid interface condition,the distributions of the elect...The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the grain refinement of superalloy K4169 has been studied in directional solidification.In the presence of the solid-liquid interface condition,the distributions of the electromagnetic force,flow field,temperature field,and Joule heat in front of the solid-liquid interface in directional solidification with the pulsed magnetic field are simulated.The calculation results show that the largest electromagnetic force in the melt appears near the solid-liquid interface,and the electromagnetic force is distributed in a gradient.There are intensive electromagnetic vibrations in front of the solid-liquid interface.The forced melt convection is mainly concentrated in front of the solid-liquid interface,accompanied by a larger flow velocity.The simulation results indicate that the grain refinement is attributed to that the electromagnetic vibration and forced convection increase the nucleation rate and the probability of dendrite fragments survival,for making dendrite easily fragmented,homogenizing the melt temperature,and increasing the undercooling in front of the solid-liquid interface.展开更多
A method to predict the solid-liquid interface stability during unidirectional solidification is developed by coupling M-S model with CALPHAD method. The method was applied to AI-0.38 Zn and AI-0.34 Si-0.14 Mg (wt pct...A method to predict the solid-liquid interface stability during unidirectional solidification is developed by coupling M-S model with CALPHAD method. The method was applied to AI-0.38 Zn and AI-0.34 Si-0.14 Mg (wt pct) alloys, and the predicted results were compared with some former experimental data of the two alloys. The good agreement between the calculation results and the experimental data demonstrates the superiority of the present method to the classical one based on constant parameter assumptions.展开更多
The micro-morphology of the interface transition from(0112)facet to freezing isotherm curve has been observed.In the centre of the interface(the high supercooling region), the morphology of(0112)facet shows characteri...The micro-morphology of the interface transition from(0112)facet to freezing isotherm curve has been observed.In the centre of the interface(the high supercooling region), the morphology of(0112)facet shows characteristics of terrace-step-kink structure.By reducing supercoolings the growth interface gradually turn to agreeing with the freezing isotherm curve.展开更多
When current passes through the solid-liquid interface, the growth rate of crystal, solid-liquid interface energy and radius of curvature at dendritic tip will change. Based on this fact, the theoretical relation betw...When current passes through the solid-liquid interface, the growth rate of crystal, solid-liquid interface energy and radius of curvature at dendritic tip will change. Based on this fact, the theoretical relation between the distribution of solute at solid-liquid interface and current density was established, and the effect of current on the distribution coefficient of solute through effecting the rate of crystal growth, the solid-liquid interface energy and the radius of curvature at the dendritic tip was discussed. The results show that as the current density increases, the distribution coefficient of solute tends to rise in a whole, and when the former is larger than about 400 A/cm 2, the latter varies significantly.展开更多
1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regul...1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap ...Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air ...In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerge...The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, li...Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, likely towards a string-like state. In disk geometry, it was known that the interface energy has an extra correction due to its curvature which depends on the size of the disk. In this work, we analytically calculate the energy of the integer quantum Hall interface on a cone surface which has the advantage of its curvature being more easily adjustable. By tuning the length and curvature of the interface by the cone angle parameter β, we analyze the dependence of the quantum Hall interface energy on the curvature and verify this geometric correction.Moreover, we find that the tip of the cone geometry has an extra contribution to the energy that reflects on the u_(2), u_(4) term.展开更多
Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted t...Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021221148)the Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Graduate Education Innovation Project(SY2023001)+1 种基金the Special Funding Projects for Local Science and Technology Development guided by the Central Committee(YDZJSX2022C028)the Shanxi Province Research and Innovation Project(2024KY656)。
文摘Aluminum-air batteries(AABs)are considered the most promising candidates in advanced clean energy conversion and storage due to their low density,high specific energy,and abundant aluminum resources;however,the development of AABs is constrained by inevitable parasitic side reactions and anodic surface passivation film formation.The present work introduced an innovative hybrid corrosion inhibitor consisting of potassium stannate,decyl glucoside,and 1,10-decanedithiol to regulate solid-liquid interface reactions in alkaline AABs.The findings indicated that the optimal hybrid corrosion inhibitor could reduce the hydrogen evolution rate from 0.2095 to 0.0406 mL cm^(-2)min^(-1),achieving an inhibition efficiency of 80.62%.The surface analysis discussed in detail the evolution process of the solid-liquid interface after the introduction of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor into the battery.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that decyl glucoside enhanced the adsorption and coverage efficiency of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor through the“micelle solubilization”effect and optimized the structure and properties of the solid-liquid interface.This study also contributed valuable insights into the corrosion inhibition mechanism at the solid-liquid interface of alkaline AABs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 59734080 and 59504006)the Project of National Fundamental Research and Development of China (Grant No. G1998061510) and High-Tech Research and Development Project
文摘Whether the particle will be trapped by the solid-liquid interface or not is dependent on its moving behavior ahead of the interface, so a mathematical model has been developed to investigate the movement of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface. Based on the theory for the boundary layer, the fluid velocity field near the solid-liquid interface was obtained, and the trajectories of particles were calculated by the equations of motion for particles. In this model, the drag force, the added mass force, the buoyance force, the gravitational force, the Saffman force and the Basset history force are considered. The results show that the behavior of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface is affected by the physical property of the particle and fluid flow. And in the continuous casting process, if it moves in the stream directed upward or downward near vertical solid-liquid interface or in the horizontal flow under the solid-liquid interface, the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 60um can reach the solid-liquid interface. But if it moves in horizontal flow above the solid-liquid interface, only the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 10 um can reach the solid-liquid interface.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772296,5217020858,51902016 and 21975015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.buctrc201829 and buctrc201904)。
文摘Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid-liquid interface could be promising to realize the assembled functions for various applications,such as rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysis.This review summarizes the self-assembly of the nanoparticles at solid-liquid interface according to the different driving forces of assembly,including hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions,solvophobic and electrostatic interaction.To be specific,the self-assembly can be divided into the following two types:surfactant-assisted self-assembly and direct self-assembly of Janus particles(inorganic and amphiphilic copolymer-inorganic Janus nanoparticles).Using the emulsion stabilized by nanoparticles as the template,the self-assembly constructed by the interaction of the nanostructure unit(including metal,metal oxide,and semiconductor,etc.)not only possesses the characteristic of nanostructure unit,but also exhibits the excellent assembly performance in electrochemistry aspect.The application of these assemblies in the area of electrochemical capacitors is presented.Finally,the current research progress and perspectives toward the self-assembly of nanoparticles at stabilized solid-liquid interface are proposed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50371006).
文摘The solidification microstructure and fractal characteristics of the solid-liquid interfaces of Inconel 718,under different cooling rates during directional solidification,were investigated by using SEM. Results showed that 5 μm/s was the cellular-dendrite transient rate. The prime dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) was measured by Image Tool and it decreased with the cooling rate increased. The fractal dimension of the interfaces was calculated and it changes from 1.204310 to 1.517265 with the withdrawal rate ranging from 10 to 100 μm/s. The physical significance of the fractal dimension was analyzed by using fractal theory. It was found that the fractal dimension of the dendrites can be used to describe the solidification microstructure and parameters at low cooling rate,but both the fractal dimension and the dendrite arm spacing are needed in order to integrally describe the evaluation of the solidification microstructure completely.
文摘The paper presents a new relationship between the three surface tensions on the solid-liquid-vapor interface, γ_(sl)-γ_(sv)+γ_(lv)cosθ=βin order to understand the wetting on the liquid-solid interface in the case of active adsorption.The authors suggest a new force“apparent active adsorption force”βto take part in the balance at the three interface lines of contact in the solid-liquid-vapor phases,its dimen- sion isβ=Σα_iRT(Γ_i^(sl)-Γ_i^(sv)+Γ_i^(lv)cosθ),and its direction is dependent on the sign of β,whenβis a positive, the direction is agree with surface tension of the sol- id-vapor interface γ and vice versa.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 51690162,51604171 and 51701112)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.17JC1400602)Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1415900).
文摘The morphological instability of solid/liquid(S/L)interface during solidification will result in different patterns of microstructure.In this study,two dimension(2 D)and three dimension(3 D)in-situ observation of solid/liquid interfacial morphology transition in Al-Zn alloy during directional solidification were performed via X-ray imaging.Under a condition of increasing temperature gradient(G),the interface transition from dendritic pattern to cellular pattern,and then to planar growth with perturbation was captured.The effect of solidification parameter(the ratio of temperature gradient and growth velocity(v),G/v)on morphological instabilities was investigated and the experimental results were compared to classical"constitutional supercooling"theory.The results indicate that 2 D and 3 D evolution process of S/L interface morphology under the same thermal condition are different.It seems that the S/L interface in 2 D observation is easier to achieve planar growth than that in 3 D,implying higher S/L interface stability in 2 D thin plate samples.This can be explained as the restricted liquid flow under 2 D solidification which is beneficial to S/L interface stability.The in-situ observation in present study can provide coherent dataset for microstructural formation investigation and related model validation during solidification.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51674236)the Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province (No.2019JH2/10100009)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2017-Ⅵ-0003-0073)the National Key Research and Development Program (No.2018Y-FA0702900)。
文摘The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the grain refinement of superalloy K4169 has been studied in directional solidification.In the presence of the solid-liquid interface condition,the distributions of the electromagnetic force,flow field,temperature field,and Joule heat in front of the solid-liquid interface in directional solidification with the pulsed magnetic field are simulated.The calculation results show that the largest electromagnetic force in the melt appears near the solid-liquid interface,and the electromagnetic force is distributed in a gradient.There are intensive electromagnetic vibrations in front of the solid-liquid interface.The forced melt convection is mainly concentrated in front of the solid-liquid interface,accompanied by a larger flow velocity.The simulation results indicate that the grain refinement is attributed to that the electromagnetic vibration and forced convection increase the nucleation rate and the probability of dendrite fragments survival,for making dendrite easily fragmented,homogenizing the melt temperature,and increasing the undercooling in front of the solid-liquid interface.
基金the State Key Fundamental Research Project(G2000067202-1).
文摘A method to predict the solid-liquid interface stability during unidirectional solidification is developed by coupling M-S model with CALPHAD method. The method was applied to AI-0.38 Zn and AI-0.34 Si-0.14 Mg (wt pct) alloys, and the predicted results were compared with some former experimental data of the two alloys. The good agreement between the calculation results and the experimental data demonstrates the superiority of the present method to the classical one based on constant parameter assumptions.
基金supported by the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The micro-morphology of the interface transition from(0112)facet to freezing isotherm curve has been observed.In the centre of the interface(the high supercooling region), the morphology of(0112)facet shows characteristics of terrace-step-kink structure.By reducing supercoolings the growth interface gradually turn to agreeing with the freezing isotherm curve.
文摘When current passes through the solid-liquid interface, the growth rate of crystal, solid-liquid interface energy and radius of curvature at dendritic tip will change. Based on this fact, the theoretical relation between the distribution of solute at solid-liquid interface and current density was established, and the effect of current on the distribution coefficient of solute through effecting the rate of crystal growth, the solid-liquid interface energy and the radius of curvature at the dendritic tip was discussed. The results show that as the current density increases, the distribution coefficient of solute tends to rise in a whole, and when the former is larger than about 400 A/cm 2, the latter varies significantly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22479016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M781041).
文摘1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].
基金Supported by Educational Department(JYTMS20230310)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2024-MS-215)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874033)to Prof.Hai-Yan Tang.
文摘In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52100076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2023MS064)。
文摘The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12347101 and 12474140the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2024CDJXY022+3 种基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61988102The Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2019B090917007the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2019B090909011Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory under Grant No. 2019B121203002。
文摘Recently, quantum Hall interface has become a popular subject of research;distinct from that of the quantum Hall edge, which is constrained by external background confinement, the interface has the freedom to move, likely towards a string-like state. In disk geometry, it was known that the interface energy has an extra correction due to its curvature which depends on the size of the disk. In this work, we analytically calculate the energy of the integer quantum Hall interface on a cone surface which has the advantage of its curvature being more easily adjustable. By tuning the length and curvature of the interface by the cone angle parameter β, we analyze the dependence of the quantum Hall interface energy on the curvature and verify this geometric correction.Moreover, we find that the tip of the cone geometry has an extra contribution to the energy that reflects on the u_(2), u_(4) term.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371031 and 52574435)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.20250102103JC)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Changchun City,China(No.23JQ03)Changbaishan Laboratory,China(No.CBS2025004-03)the Undergraduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(No.S202410183310).
文摘Introducing Ti_(2)AlC particles into TiAl alloys can effectively improve their strength,but this can also lead to stress concentration at the interface,resulting in the reduction of ductility.Therefore,Mn is adopted to synergistically improve the strength and ductility of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite through solid solution and interface manipulation.The first-principles calculation shows the Ti-Mn bonds are formed at the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl interface after Mn doping,characterized primarily by metallic bonds with some covalent bonding.This combination preserves strength while enhancing ductility.Then,Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite is prepared.The Ti_(2)AlC,with an average size of 1.6μm,is uniformly distributed within the TiAl matrix.Mn doping reduces the lamellar colony size and lamellar thickness by 25.1%and 27.4%,respectively.A small quantity of Mn accumulates at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies.The Mn content must be controlled to avoid segregation,which may negatively impact performance.The yield stress,ultimate compressive stress,fracture strain,and product of strength and plasticity of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl-Mn composite have been increased by 5.5%,11.5%,10.4%,and 23.0%,respectively,compared to those of the Ti_(2)AlC/TiAl composite.The enhancement in strength is due to the combined effects of grain refinement,solid solution of Mn,and twining strengthening.Grain refinement and twin strengthening also can reduce stress concentration and improve ductility.In addition,at the electronic level,the Ti-Mn bond formed at the interface is contributed to the improvement of ductility.
