In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding str...Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.展开更多
This review details the advancement in the development of V–Ti-based hydrogen storage materials for using in metal hydride(MH)tanks to supply hydrogen to fuel cells at relatively ambient temperatures and pressures.V...This review details the advancement in the development of V–Ti-based hydrogen storage materials for using in metal hydride(MH)tanks to supply hydrogen to fuel cells at relatively ambient temperatures and pressures.V–Tibased solid solution alloys are excellent hydrogen storage materials among many metal hydrides due to their high reversible hydrogen storage capacity which is over 2 wt%at ambient temperature.The preparation methods,structure characteristics,improvement methods of hydrogen storage performance,and attenuation mechanism are systematically summarized and discussed.The relationships between hydrogen storage properties and alloy compositions as well as phase structures are discussed emphatically.For large-scale applications on MH tanks,it is necessary to develop low-cost and high-performance V–Ti-based solid solution alloys with high reversible hydrogen storage capacity,good cyclic durability,and excellent activation performance.展开更多
Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has...Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.展开更多
Solid solution hinders the extraction of bromine resources from bittern.To separate chlorine-brominebased solid solution in bittern tail solution,the solubilities of the quaternary system KCl-KBr-NaCl-NaBr-H_(2)O and ...Solid solution hinders the extraction of bromine resources from bittern.To separate chlorine-brominebased solid solution in bittern tail solution,the solubilities of the quaternary system KCl-KBr-NaCl-NaBr-H_(2)O and its ternary subsystem NaBr-KBr-H_(2)O at 333.15 K were determined by the isothermal dissolution method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were conducted.An improved model was employed to predict the solubilities of the quaternary system KCl-KBr-NaCl-NaBr-H_(2)O at 333.15 K.The calculated results coincide with the experimental values,implying that the prediction method is feasible.A closed loop crystallization process for the separation of chlorine-bromine-based solid solution in bittern tail solution was proposed and NaBr was obtained with a purity of 98.23%.展开更多
This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Bot...This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Both the peak ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and tensile yield strength(TYS)values occur at 150-200℃,which are 12-50%higher compared to those at room temperature(RT).Meanwhile,the strain-hardening rate increases with the temperature rising from RT to 200℃ during the plastic deformation process.The results reveal that the formation of stacking faults(SFs)and the locking of dislocations,particularly immobile (c) partial dislocations,enhance resistance to plastic deformation,leading to higher strengths at high temperature.Furthermore,the interactivity between SFs and (c+a) dislocations intensify with rising of temperature.The presence of RE atoms in the SS plays a critical role in this unique mechanical behavior,as they preferentially occupy non-basal planes rather than basal planes,thereby reducing the stacking fault(SF)formation energy.This study provides new insights into the high-temperature strengthening mechanisms of Mg-RE based alloys,offering potential guidance for the design of advanced lightweight materials with superior mechanical properties.展开更多
The effects of solid solution on the deformation behavior of binary Mg-xZn(x=0,1,2 wt%)alloys featuring a designated texture that enables extension twinning under tension parallel to the basal pole in most grains,were...The effects of solid solution on the deformation behavior of binary Mg-xZn(x=0,1,2 wt%)alloys featuring a designated texture that enables extension twinning under tension parallel to the basal pole in most grains,were investigated using in-situ neutron diffraction and the EVPSC-TDT model.Neutron diffraction was used to quantitatively track grain-level lattice strains and diffraction intensity changes(related to mechanical twinning)in differently oriented grains of each alloy during cyclic tensile/compressive loadings.These measurements were accurately captured by the model.The stress-strain curves of Mg-1 wt%Zn and Mg-2 wt%Zn alloys show as-expected solid solution strengthening from the addition of Zn compared to pure Mg.The macroscopic yielding and hardening behaviors are explained by alternating slip and twinning modes as calculated by the model.The solid solution's influence on individual deformation modes,including basal〈a〉slip,prismatic〈a〉slip,and extension twinning,was then quantitatively assessed in terms of activity,yielding behavior,and hardening response by combining neutron diffraction results with crystal plasticity predictions.The Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy displays distinct yielding and hardening behavior due to solid solution softening of prismatic〈a〉slip.Additionally,the dependence of extension twinning,in terms of the twinning volume fraction,on Zn content exhibits opposite trends under tensile and compressive loadings.展开更多
CuInSe_(2) is an N-type diamond-like semiconductors thermoelectric candidate for power generation at medium temperature with its environmentally friendly and cost-effective properties.However,the intrinsic high therma...CuInSe_(2) is an N-type diamond-like semiconductors thermoelectric candidate for power generation at medium temperature with its environmentally friendly and cost-effective properties.However,the intrinsic high thermal conductivity of CuInSe_(2) limits the enhancement of its thermoelectric performance.Herein,we investigate the thermoelectric performance of N-type CuInSe_(2) materials by incorporating ZnSe through a solid solution strategy.A series of(CuInSe_(2))_(1-x)(ZnSe)_(x)(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0)samples were synthesized,forming continuous solid solutions,while introducing minor porosity.ZnSe solid solution effectively reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of the CuInSe_(2) matrix at near-room temperatures,but has a weaker effect at higher temperatures.Due to the intrinsic low carrier concentration of the system,resulting in high resistivity,the maximum figure of merit(ZT)of(CuInSe_(2))0.8(ZnSe)0.2 reaches 0.08 at 773 K.Despite the relatively low ZT,the solid solution strategy proves effective in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity near-room temperature and offers potential for cost-effective thermoelectric materials.展开更多
The three-way catalyst(TWC),as a promising approach to control automobile exhaust emission,has been widely studied and applied.However,it still suffers from the high light-off temperature and poor stability.Herein,we ...The three-way catalyst(TWC),as a promising approach to control automobile exhaust emission,has been widely studied and applied.However,it still suffers from the high light-off temperature and poor stability.Herein,we synthesized a multicomponent catalyst Rh/Cu-CeSn by using Cu metal doping to modify the Ce-based solid solution,which exhibited good TWC catalytic performance:the light-off temperatures for CO,NO,and C_(3)H_(6)conversion are 172℃,266℃,and 193℃,respectively.Moreover,the catalyst still maintained good activity after 12 h of the continuous reaction under high-temperature conditions.The experiments and mechanism studies reveal that due to the redox pair Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+),the Cu incorporation can effectively inhibit the Rh transition to the oxidation state and greatly enhance the catalytic activity and stability.This work provides a viable strategy for precise characteristic modulation of composite oxide supports during the fabrication of noble metal-based catalysts,which significantly reduces environmental pollution from energy applications.展开更多
Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl comp...Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.展开更多
Li_(6)ZnO_(4)was chemically modified by nickel addition,in order to develop different compositions of the solid solution Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4).These materials were evaluated bifunctionally;analyzing their CO_(2)ca...Li_(6)ZnO_(4)was chemically modified by nickel addition,in order to develop different compositions of the solid solution Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4).These materials were evaluated bifunctionally;analyzing their CO_(2)capture performances,aswell as on their catalytic properties for H_(2)production via dry reforming of methane(DRM).The crystal structures of Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples were determined through X-ray diffraction,which confirmed the integration of nickel ions up to a concentration around 20 mol%,meanwhile beyond this value,a secondary phase was detected.These results were supported by XPS and TEM analyses.Then,dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses of CO_(2)capture revealed that Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples exhibited good CO_(2)chemisorption efficiencies,similarly to the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)chemisorption trends observed.Moreover,a kinetic analysis of CO_(2)isothermal chemisorptions,using the Avrami-Erofeev model,evidenced an increment of the constant rates as a function of the Ni content.Since Ni^(2+)ions incorporation did not reduce the CO_(2)capture efficiency and kinetics,the catalytic properties of thesematerialswere evaluated in the DRM process.Results demonstrated that nickel ions favored hydrogen(H_(2))production over the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)phase,despite a second H2 production reaction was determined,methane decomposition.Thereby,Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)ceramics can be employed as bifunctional materials.展开更多
Most studies have shown that oxygen vacancies on Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2) solid solution are important for enhancing the catalytic oxidation performance.However,a handful of studies investigated the different roles of surf...Most studies have shown that oxygen vacancies on Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2) solid solution are important for enhancing the catalytic oxidation performance.However,a handful of studies investigated the different roles of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies on the performance and mechanisms of catalysts.Herein,a series of zirconium doping on CeO_(2) samples(CeO_(2),Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2),and Ce_(0.8)5Zr_(0.15)O_(2))with various surface-to-subsurface oxygen vacancies ratios have been synthesized and applied in toluene catalytic oxidation.The obtained Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2) exhibits an excellent catalytic performance with a 90%toluene conversion at 295℃,which is 68℃lower than that of CeO_(2).Additionally,the obtained Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2)catalyst also exhibited good catalytic stability and water resistance.The XRD and HRTEM results show that Zr ions are incorporated into CeO_(2) lattice,forming Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2) solid solution.Temperature-programmed experiments reveal that Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2) shows excellent lowtemperature reducibility and abundant surface oxygen species.In-situ DRIFTS tests were used to probe the reaction mechanism,and the function of Zr doping in promoting the activation of oxygen was further determined.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the vacancy formation energy and O_(2) adsorption energy are both lower on Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2),confirming the reason for its superior catalytic performance.展开更多
The low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow near infrared(NIR)luminescence from Cr^(3+)doped Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions was investigated.The structure analysis shows the good formation of Zn_(1-x)Cd...The low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow near infrared(NIR)luminescence from Cr^(3+)doped Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions was investigated.The structure analysis shows the good formation of Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions,which possesses a cubic spinel structure with Fd3m space group.The formation of Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions induces the obvious increase of long afterglow near infrared luminescence excited by low-dose X-ray,When the content of doped Cd^(2+)reaches 0.1,the low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow NIR luminescence is the maximum.More importantly,only 5 s Xray irradiation can induce more than 6 h NIR afterglow emission,of which the afterglow luminescent intensity is still 5 times stronger than the background intensity after 6 h.The thermoluminescent results show that under the 5 s exposure of X-ray,the trap density of Zn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Ga_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)is much higher than that of ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+).The replacement of Cd^(2+)ions with large radius at Zn^(2+)sites causes the increase of de fects and dislocations,which results in the obvious increase of trap co ncentrations.And the addition of high-z number elements Cd^(2+)would enhance the X-ray absorption of the solid solutions,which thus can be easily excited by low-dose X-ray.Zn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Ga_(2)O_(4):1%Cr^(3+)solid solution is a potential candidate of lowdose X-ray induced long afterglow luminescent materials.展开更多
To separate the phosphorus-containing phase from steel slag,the effects of B_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)on the enrichment of phosphorus-containing phases in Ca_(2)SiO_(4)–Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(C_(2)S–C_(3)P)solid solu...To separate the phosphorus-containing phase from steel slag,the effects of B_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)on the enrichment of phosphorus-containing phases in Ca_(2)SiO_(4)–Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(C_(2)S–C_(3)P)solid solution were comparatively analyzed through theoretical calculations and experimental investigations.The results indicate that the optimum reaction temperature between B_(2)O_(3)and C_(2)S–C_(3)P is 800℃.The phase compositions of C_(2)S–C_(3)P equilibrium system with 5 wt.%B_(2)O_(3)at 800℃ included Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSiO_(3)and Ca11B_(2)Si_(4)O_(22),among which the content of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)was the highest.For C_(2)S–C_(3)P with 5 wt.%Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)equilibrium system,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSiO_(3),Ca11B_(2)Si_(4)O_(22)and Na_(2)Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(8)were independent at 390–690℃.Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)and Ca_(2)SiO_(4)precipitated in the solid solution when the addition of B_(2)O_(3)was more than 6 wt.%,and the content of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)raised with the increase in the addition of B_(2)O_(3).The main phases in the C_(2)S–C_(3)P solid solution with Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)were(Ca_(2)SiO_(4))0.05[Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)],Ca_(2)SiO_(4)and Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5)at 650℃.And when the addition of Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)exceeded 6 wt.%,the content of Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5)increased significantly.There was no precipitation of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)or boron-containing phase in the samples with Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7),but a small proportion of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)transformed into(Ca_(2)SiO_(4))0.05[Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)],and Ca^(2+)was partially replaced by Na^(+)to generate Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5).As a result,the temperature for Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)to enrich the phosphorus-containing phase in C_(2)S–C_(3)P solid solution was lower than that for B_(2)O_(3).However,the grade of the phosphorus-containing phase for Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)was lower than that for B_(2)O_(3).展开更多
Formation condition of high-entropy alloys with solid solution structure was investigated. Seventeen kinds of the high-entropy alloys with different components were prepared, the influencing factors （the comprehensiv...Formation condition of high-entropy alloys with solid solution structure was investigated. Seventeen kinds of the high-entropy alloys with different components were prepared, the influencing factors （the comprehensive atomic radius difference δ, the mixing enthalpy AH and the mixing entropy AS） of phase composition of the alloys were calculated, and the microstructure and phase compositions of alloys were analyzed by using SEM and XRD. The result shows that only the systems with δ≤2.77 and △H≥-8.8 kJ/mol will form high entropy alloy with simple solid solution. Otherwise, intermetallic compounds will exist in the alloys. So, selection of the type of element has important effects on microstructure and properties of high entropy alloys.展开更多
Nanosize cerium-zirconium solid solution(CZO)with a special fluorite structure has received an increasing research interest due to their remarkable advantages such as excellent oxygen storage capacity and great flexib...Nanosize cerium-zirconium solid solution(CZO)with a special fluorite structure has received an increasing research interest due to their remarkable advantages such as excellent oxygen storage capacity and great flexibility in their composition and structure.By partial metal(including rare earth,transition,alkaline earth or other metal)doping into CZO,the physicochemical properties of these catalytic materials can be controllable adjusted for the study of specific reactions.To date,nanosize CZO has been prepared by co-precipitation,sol-gel,surfactant-assisted approach,solution combustion,micro-emulsion,high energy mechanical milling,etc.The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities.In this review,we describe not only the basic structure and synthetic strategies of CZO,but also their relevant applications in environmental catalysis,such as the purification for CO,nitrogen oxides(NOx),volatile organic compounds(VOC),soot,hydrocarbon(HC),CO2 and solid particulate matters(PM),and some reaction mechanisms are also summarized.展开更多
A series of SnO2‐based catalysts modified by Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb oxides with a Sn/M （M=Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb） molar ratio of 9/1 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and used for CH4 and CO oxidation. The Mn3＋, ...A series of SnO2‐based catalysts modified by Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb oxides with a Sn/M （M=Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb） molar ratio of 9/1 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and used for CH4 and CO oxidation. The Mn3＋, Zr4＋, Ti4＋and Pb4＋cations are incorporated into the lattice of tetragonal rutile SnO2 to form a solid solution structure. As a consequence, the surface area and thermal stability of the catalysts are improved. Moreover, the oxygen species of the modified catalysts become easier to be reduced. Therefore, the oxidation activity over the catalysts was improved, except for the one modified by Pb oxide. Manganese oxide demonstrates the best promotional effects for SnO2. Using an X‐ray diffraction extrapolation method, the lattice capacity of SnO2 for Mn2O3 was 0.135 g Mn2O3/g SnO2, which indicates that to form stable solid solution, only 21%Sn4＋cations in the lattice can be maximally replaced by Mn3＋. If the amount of Mn3＋cations is over the capacity, Mn2O3 will be formed, which is not favorable for the activity of the catalysts. The Sn rich samples with only Sn‐Mn solid solution phase show higher activity than the ones with excess Mn2O3 species.展开更多
It is confirmed that phase homogenization is very important for improving the magnetic properties of 2:17-type Sm-Co sintered magnets,In this work,the influence of solid solution process on microstructure and magnetic...It is confirmed that phase homogenization is very important for improving the magnetic properties of 2:17-type Sm-Co sintered magnets,In this work,the influence of solid solution process on microstructure and magnetic properties of the Sm(CobalFe0.233Cu0.073Zr0.024)7.6 sintered magnets was systematically studied.With the solid-solution treating duration(tS)increasing from 0 to 4 h,intrinsic coercivity(Hcj)increases from 12.83 to 36.54 kOe,magnetic field at knee-point(Hknee)increases from2.76 to 19.14 kOe,and the maximum energy product increases from 19.79 to 29.48 MGOe.The electron probe microanalyzer results reveal that there mainly exist gray and dark regions besides"white"rare earth-rich phase,and the conte nt of Sm,Fe and Cu elements for the two kinds of regions changes a lot for the specimens,Furthermore,with tS increasing up to 4 h,the elements content deviation between the gray and dark regions becomes small gradually from 3.94 at%to 0.27 at%,7.66 at%to 0.21 at%and 7.27 at%to 0.16 at%for Sm,Fe and Cu elements,respectively.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy results show that the distribution of cell size is much more concentrated for aged specimens when tS is 4 h.It is also found that the Cu concentration at cell boundaries for the 4 h solid-solution treatment case shows relatively higher values and greater concentration gradient(1.94 at%/nm).It is verified that sufficient solution treatment duration is prerequisite to form these homogeneous microstructural features,which are the key points for obtaining both high Hcj and Hknee.展开更多
The structure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were studied after rapidly solidified aging and solid solution aging.At the early stage of aging （500℃ for 15 rain）, the hardness and the conductivity of the alloy rap...The structure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were studied after rapidly solidified aging and solid solution aging.At the early stage of aging （500℃ for 15 rain）, the hardness and the conductivity of the alloy rapidly solidified are 143 HV and 72% IACS, respectively. Under the same aging condition, the hardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy solid solution treated can reach 86 HV and 47% IACS, respectively. The microstructure was analyzed, and the grain size after rapid solidification is much smaller than that after solid solution treatment. By rapidly solidified aging the fine precipitates distribute inside the grains and along the grain boundary, while by solid solution aging there are large Cr particles along the grain boundary.展开更多
The effects of single-stage solution treatment(SST),enhanced solution treatment(EST),high-temperature pre-precipitation(HTPP)and multi-stage solution treatment(MST)on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corro...The effects of single-stage solution treatment(SST),enhanced solution treatment(EST),high-temperature pre-precipitation(HTPP)and multi-stage solution treatment(MST)on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-extruded 7055 aluminium alloy(AA7055)helical profile were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It was observed that EST and MST could promote the dissolution of the second-phase particles compared with the traditional SST,and the intergranular phases were distinctly discontinuously distributed after HTPP and MST.There was obvious difference in the main texture type and texture strength for the alloy after different solid solution treatments.HTPP could improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy by regulating the intergranular phases,but the mechanical properties were severely weakened.While the good corrosion resistance of the alloy could be obtained by MST without obvious strength loss.As a result,the MST is an ideal solid solution treatment scheme for AA7055.展开更多
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0707300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374376)the Introduction Plan for High end Foreign Experts, China (No. G2023105001L)。
文摘Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2023B0909060001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271213)。
文摘This review details the advancement in the development of V–Ti-based hydrogen storage materials for using in metal hydride(MH)tanks to supply hydrogen to fuel cells at relatively ambient temperatures and pressures.V–Tibased solid solution alloys are excellent hydrogen storage materials among many metal hydrides due to their high reversible hydrogen storage capacity which is over 2 wt%at ambient temperature.The preparation methods,structure characteristics,improvement methods of hydrogen storage performance,and attenuation mechanism are systematically summarized and discussed.The relationships between hydrogen storage properties and alloy compositions as well as phase structures are discussed emphatically.For large-scale applications on MH tanks,it is necessary to develop low-cost and high-performance V–Ti-based solid solution alloys with high reversible hydrogen storage capacity,good cyclic durability,and excellent activation performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379019,52172184)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0313)S&T Special Program of Huzhou(No.2023GZ03)。
文摘Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478095 and 22008049)Hebei Provincial Key Research Projects(22374101D)+4 种基金Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and University in Hebei Province(QN2023007)Central Guidance Project for Local Science and Technology Development from S&T Program of Hebei(246Z1009G)Special Proof-of-concept Project on Basic Research from S&T Program of Hebei(E2024402143)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(CXY2023004)Hebei University of Engineering Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation(SJ2401002210).
文摘Solid solution hinders the extraction of bromine resources from bittern.To separate chlorine-brominebased solid solution in bittern tail solution,the solubilities of the quaternary system KCl-KBr-NaCl-NaBr-H_(2)O and its ternary subsystem NaBr-KBr-H_(2)O at 333.15 K were determined by the isothermal dissolution method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were conducted.An improved model was employed to predict the solubilities of the quaternary system KCl-KBr-NaCl-NaBr-H_(2)O at 333.15 K.The calculated results coincide with the experimental values,implying that the prediction method is feasible.A closed loop crystallization process for the separation of chlorine-bromine-based solid solution in bittern tail solution was proposed and NaBr was obtained with a purity of 98.23%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 52401209,52192603,52275308)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023JG007)。
文摘This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Both the peak ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and tensile yield strength(TYS)values occur at 150-200℃,which are 12-50%higher compared to those at room temperature(RT).Meanwhile,the strain-hardening rate increases with the temperature rising from RT to 200℃ during the plastic deformation process.The results reveal that the formation of stacking faults(SFs)and the locking of dislocations,particularly immobile (c) partial dislocations,enhance resistance to plastic deformation,leading to higher strengths at high temperature.Furthermore,the interactivity between SFs and (c+a) dislocations intensify with rising of temperature.The presence of RE atoms in the SS plays a critical role in this unique mechanical behavior,as they preferentially occupy non-basal planes rather than basal planes,thereby reducing the stacking fault(SF)formation energy.This study provides new insights into the high-temperature strengthening mechanisms of Mg-RE based alloys,offering potential guidance for the design of advanced lightweight materials with superior mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean government(No,2023R1A2C2007190,RS-2024-00398068)partially funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2022QE206).
文摘The effects of solid solution on the deformation behavior of binary Mg-xZn(x=0,1,2 wt%)alloys featuring a designated texture that enables extension twinning under tension parallel to the basal pole in most grains,were investigated using in-situ neutron diffraction and the EVPSC-TDT model.Neutron diffraction was used to quantitatively track grain-level lattice strains and diffraction intensity changes(related to mechanical twinning)in differently oriented grains of each alloy during cyclic tensile/compressive loadings.These measurements were accurately captured by the model.The stress-strain curves of Mg-1 wt%Zn and Mg-2 wt%Zn alloys show as-expected solid solution strengthening from the addition of Zn compared to pure Mg.The macroscopic yielding and hardening behaviors are explained by alternating slip and twinning modes as calculated by the model.The solid solution's influence on individual deformation modes,including basal〈a〉slip,prismatic〈a〉slip,and extension twinning,was then quantitatively assessed in terms of activity,yielding behavior,and hardening response by combining neutron diffraction results with crystal plasticity predictions.The Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy displays distinct yielding and hardening behavior due to solid solution softening of prismatic〈a〉slip.Additionally,the dependence of extension twinning,in terms of the twinning volume fraction,on Zn content exhibits opposite trends under tensile and compressive loadings.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2024BRB010。
文摘CuInSe_(2) is an N-type diamond-like semiconductors thermoelectric candidate for power generation at medium temperature with its environmentally friendly and cost-effective properties.However,the intrinsic high thermal conductivity of CuInSe_(2) limits the enhancement of its thermoelectric performance.Herein,we investigate the thermoelectric performance of N-type CuInSe_(2) materials by incorporating ZnSe through a solid solution strategy.A series of(CuInSe_(2))_(1-x)(ZnSe)_(x)(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0)samples were synthesized,forming continuous solid solutions,while introducing minor porosity.ZnSe solid solution effectively reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of the CuInSe_(2) matrix at near-room temperatures,but has a weaker effect at higher temperatures.Due to the intrinsic low carrier concentration of the system,resulting in high resistivity,the maximum figure of merit(ZT)of(CuInSe_(2))0.8(ZnSe)0.2 reaches 0.08 at 773 K.Despite the relatively low ZT,the solid solution strategy proves effective in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity near-room temperature and offers potential for cost-effective thermoelectric materials.
基金supported by the financial aid from National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2020YFE0204500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22020102003,22025506 and 11975301)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020286)。
文摘The three-way catalyst(TWC),as a promising approach to control automobile exhaust emission,has been widely studied and applied.However,it still suffers from the high light-off temperature and poor stability.Herein,we synthesized a multicomponent catalyst Rh/Cu-CeSn by using Cu metal doping to modify the Ce-based solid solution,which exhibited good TWC catalytic performance:the light-off temperatures for CO,NO,and C_(3)H_(6)conversion are 172℃,266℃,and 193℃,respectively.Moreover,the catalyst still maintained good activity after 12 h of the continuous reaction under high-temperature conditions.The experiments and mechanism studies reveal that due to the redox pair Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+),the Cu incorporation can effectively inhibit the Rh transition to the oxidation state and greatly enhance the catalytic activity and stability.This work provides a viable strategy for precise characteristic modulation of composite oxide supports during the fabrication of noble metal-based catalysts,which significantly reduces environmental pollution from energy applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275314 and 52075074).
文摘Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.
基金This work was carried out in the framework of PAPIIT-UNAM(IN-205823)project.
文摘Li_(6)ZnO_(4)was chemically modified by nickel addition,in order to develop different compositions of the solid solution Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4).These materials were evaluated bifunctionally;analyzing their CO_(2)capture performances,aswell as on their catalytic properties for H_(2)production via dry reforming of methane(DRM).The crystal structures of Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples were determined through X-ray diffraction,which confirmed the integration of nickel ions up to a concentration around 20 mol%,meanwhile beyond this value,a secondary phase was detected.These results were supported by XPS and TEM analyses.Then,dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses of CO_(2)capture revealed that Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)solid solution samples exhibited good CO_(2)chemisorption efficiencies,similarly to the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)chemisorption trends observed.Moreover,a kinetic analysis of CO_(2)isothermal chemisorptions,using the Avrami-Erofeev model,evidenced an increment of the constant rates as a function of the Ni content.Since Ni^(2+)ions incorporation did not reduce the CO_(2)capture efficiency and kinetics,the catalytic properties of thesematerialswere evaluated in the DRM process.Results demonstrated that nickel ions favored hydrogen(H_(2))production over the pristine Li_(6)ZnO_(4)phase,despite a second H2 production reaction was determined,methane decomposition.Thereby,Li_(6)Zn_(1-x)Ni_(x)O_(4)ceramics can be employed as bifunctional materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.51678291)the Basic Science(Natural Science)Research in Higher Education in Jiangsu Province(No.23KJA610003)the High-level Scientific Research Foundation for the introduction of talent in Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.YKJ201999)。
文摘Most studies have shown that oxygen vacancies on Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2) solid solution are important for enhancing the catalytic oxidation performance.However,a handful of studies investigated the different roles of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies on the performance and mechanisms of catalysts.Herein,a series of zirconium doping on CeO_(2) samples(CeO_(2),Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2),and Ce_(0.8)5Zr_(0.15)O_(2))with various surface-to-subsurface oxygen vacancies ratios have been synthesized and applied in toluene catalytic oxidation.The obtained Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2) exhibits an excellent catalytic performance with a 90%toluene conversion at 295℃,which is 68℃lower than that of CeO_(2).Additionally,the obtained Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2)catalyst also exhibited good catalytic stability and water resistance.The XRD and HRTEM results show that Zr ions are incorporated into CeO_(2) lattice,forming Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2) solid solution.Temperature-programmed experiments reveal that Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2) shows excellent lowtemperature reducibility and abundant surface oxygen species.In-situ DRIFTS tests were used to probe the reaction mechanism,and the function of Zr doping in promoting the activation of oxygen was further determined.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the vacancy formation energy and O_(2) adsorption energy are both lower on Ce_(0.95)Zr_(0.05)O_(2),confirming the reason for its superior catalytic performance.
基金Project supported by the State Key Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020KB019)the fund of"Two-Hundred Talent"Plan of Yantai City+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974013)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J011270)。
文摘The low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow near infrared(NIR)luminescence from Cr^(3+)doped Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions was investigated.The structure analysis shows the good formation of Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions,which possesses a cubic spinel structure with Fd3m space group.The formation of Zn_(1-x)Cd_(x)Ga_(2)O_(4)spinel solid solutions induces the obvious increase of long afterglow near infrared luminescence excited by low-dose X-ray,When the content of doped Cd^(2+)reaches 0.1,the low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow NIR luminescence is the maximum.More importantly,only 5 s Xray irradiation can induce more than 6 h NIR afterglow emission,of which the afterglow luminescent intensity is still 5 times stronger than the background intensity after 6 h.The thermoluminescent results show that under the 5 s exposure of X-ray,the trap density of Zn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Ga_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)is much higher than that of ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+).The replacement of Cd^(2+)ions with large radius at Zn^(2+)sites causes the increase of de fects and dislocations,which results in the obvious increase of trap co ncentrations.And the addition of high-z number elements Cd^(2+)would enhance the X-ray absorption of the solid solutions,which thus can be easily excited by low-dose X-ray.Zn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Ga_(2)O_(4):1%Cr^(3+)solid solution is a potential candidate of lowdose X-ray induced long afterglow luminescent materials.
基金funding support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC1909105)the 2023 Basic Research Foundation Project for Universities in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023RCTD006)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51664044).
文摘To separate the phosphorus-containing phase from steel slag,the effects of B_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)on the enrichment of phosphorus-containing phases in Ca_(2)SiO_(4)–Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(C_(2)S–C_(3)P)solid solution were comparatively analyzed through theoretical calculations and experimental investigations.The results indicate that the optimum reaction temperature between B_(2)O_(3)and C_(2)S–C_(3)P is 800℃.The phase compositions of C_(2)S–C_(3)P equilibrium system with 5 wt.%B_(2)O_(3)at 800℃ included Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSiO_(3)and Ca11B_(2)Si_(4)O_(22),among which the content of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)was the highest.For C_(2)S–C_(3)P with 5 wt.%Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)equilibrium system,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSiO_(3),Ca11B_(2)Si_(4)O_(22)and Na_(2)Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(8)were independent at 390–690℃.Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)and Ca_(2)SiO_(4)precipitated in the solid solution when the addition of B_(2)O_(3)was more than 6 wt.%,and the content of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)raised with the increase in the addition of B_(2)O_(3).The main phases in the C_(2)S–C_(3)P solid solution with Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)were(Ca_(2)SiO_(4))0.05[Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)],Ca_(2)SiO_(4)and Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5)at 650℃.And when the addition of Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)exceeded 6 wt.%,the content of Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5)increased significantly.There was no precipitation of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)or boron-containing phase in the samples with Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7),but a small proportion of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)transformed into(Ca_(2)SiO_(4))0.05[Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)],and Ca^(2+)was partially replaced by Na^(+)to generate Na_(3)Ca_(6)(PO_(4))_(5).As a result,the temperature for Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)to enrich the phosphorus-containing phase in C_(2)S–C_(3)P solid solution was lower than that for B_(2)O_(3).However,the grade of the phosphorus-containing phase for Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)was lower than that for B_(2)O_(3).
基金Project(HIT.NSRIF.2009090) supported by Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology,China
文摘Formation condition of high-entropy alloys with solid solution structure was investigated. Seventeen kinds of the high-entropy alloys with different components were prepared, the influencing factors （the comprehensive atomic radius difference δ, the mixing enthalpy AH and the mixing entropy AS） of phase composition of the alloys were calculated, and the microstructure and phase compositions of alloys were analyzed by using SEM and XRD. The result shows that only the systems with δ≤2.77 and △H≥-8.8 kJ/mol will form high entropy alloy with simple solid solution. Otherwise, intermetallic compounds will exist in the alloys. So, selection of the type of element has important effects on microstructure and properties of high entropy alloys.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21673290, U1662103)~~
文摘Nanosize cerium-zirconium solid solution(CZO)with a special fluorite structure has received an increasing research interest due to their remarkable advantages such as excellent oxygen storage capacity and great flexibility in their composition and structure.By partial metal(including rare earth,transition,alkaline earth or other metal)doping into CZO,the physicochemical properties of these catalytic materials can be controllable adjusted for the study of specific reactions.To date,nanosize CZO has been prepared by co-precipitation,sol-gel,surfactant-assisted approach,solution combustion,micro-emulsion,high energy mechanical milling,etc.The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities.In this review,we describe not only the basic structure and synthetic strategies of CZO,but also their relevant applications in environmental catalysis,such as the purification for CO,nitrogen oxides(NOx),volatile organic compounds(VOC),soot,hydrocarbon(HC),CO2 and solid particulate matters(PM),and some reaction mechanisms are also summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21263015,21567016 and 21503106)the Education Department Foundation of Jiangxi Province (KJLD14005 and GJJ150016)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20142BAB213013 and 20151BBE50006),which are greatly acknowledged by the authors~~
文摘A series of SnO2‐based catalysts modified by Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb oxides with a Sn/M （M=Mn, Zr, Ti and Pb） molar ratio of 9/1 were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and used for CH4 and CO oxidation. The Mn3＋, Zr4＋, Ti4＋and Pb4＋cations are incorporated into the lattice of tetragonal rutile SnO2 to form a solid solution structure. As a consequence, the surface area and thermal stability of the catalysts are improved. Moreover, the oxygen species of the modified catalysts become easier to be reduced. Therefore, the oxidation activity over the catalysts was improved, except for the one modified by Pb oxide. Manganese oxide demonstrates the best promotional effects for SnO2. Using an X‐ray diffraction extrapolation method, the lattice capacity of SnO2 for Mn2O3 was 0.135 g Mn2O3/g SnO2, which indicates that to form stable solid solution, only 21%Sn4＋cations in the lattice can be maximally replaced by Mn3＋. If the amount of Mn3＋cations is over the capacity, Mn2O3 will be formed, which is not favorable for the activity of the catalysts. The Sn rich samples with only Sn‐Mn solid solution phase show higher activity than the ones with excess Mn2O3 species.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5159088251401054)。
文摘It is confirmed that phase homogenization is very important for improving the magnetic properties of 2:17-type Sm-Co sintered magnets,In this work,the influence of solid solution process on microstructure and magnetic properties of the Sm(CobalFe0.233Cu0.073Zr0.024)7.6 sintered magnets was systematically studied.With the solid-solution treating duration(tS)increasing from 0 to 4 h,intrinsic coercivity(Hcj)increases from 12.83 to 36.54 kOe,magnetic field at knee-point(Hknee)increases from2.76 to 19.14 kOe,and the maximum energy product increases from 19.79 to 29.48 MGOe.The electron probe microanalyzer results reveal that there mainly exist gray and dark regions besides"white"rare earth-rich phase,and the conte nt of Sm,Fe and Cu elements for the two kinds of regions changes a lot for the specimens,Furthermore,with tS increasing up to 4 h,the elements content deviation between the gray and dark regions becomes small gradually from 3.94 at%to 0.27 at%,7.66 at%to 0.21 at%and 7.27 at%to 0.16 at%for Sm,Fe and Cu elements,respectively.Moreover,transmission electron microscopy results show that the distribution of cell size is much more concentrated for aged specimens when tS is 4 h.It is also found that the Cu concentration at cell boundaries for the 4 h solid-solution treatment case shows relatively higher values and greater concentration gradient(1.94 at%/nm).It is verified that sufficient solution treatment duration is prerequisite to form these homogeneous microstructural features,which are the key points for obtaining both high Hcj and Hknee.
基金This work was supported by the National“863”High Pro-gram of China(No.2002AA331112)the Doctorate Foun-dation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX200409)the Science Research Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.2004ZY039).
文摘The structure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were studied after rapidly solidified aging and solid solution aging.At the early stage of aging （500℃ for 15 rain）, the hardness and the conductivity of the alloy rapidly solidified are 143 HV and 72% IACS, respectively. Under the same aging condition, the hardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy solid solution treated can reach 86 HV and 47% IACS, respectively. The microstructure was analyzed, and the grain size after rapid solidification is much smaller than that after solid solution treatment. By rapidly solidified aging the fine precipitates distribute inside the grains and along the grain boundary, while by solid solution aging there are large Cr particles along the grain boundary.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975330)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province,China(No.JQ201810)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2019JZZY010360).
文摘The effects of single-stage solution treatment(SST),enhanced solution treatment(EST),high-temperature pre-precipitation(HTPP)and multi-stage solution treatment(MST)on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-extruded 7055 aluminium alloy(AA7055)helical profile were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It was observed that EST and MST could promote the dissolution of the second-phase particles compared with the traditional SST,and the intergranular phases were distinctly discontinuously distributed after HTPP and MST.There was obvious difference in the main texture type and texture strength for the alloy after different solid solution treatments.HTPP could improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy by regulating the intergranular phases,but the mechanical properties were severely weakened.While the good corrosion resistance of the alloy could be obtained by MST without obvious strength loss.As a result,the MST is an ideal solid solution treatment scheme for AA7055.
