Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied...Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied due to its advantages over traditional heat-driven catalysis.In this review,we focus on photothermal catalysis of thermodynamically uphill reactions that convert CO_(2)into value-added products.We first introduce the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis for CO_(2)reduction,including the definition and classification of photothermal catalysis,followed by their photothermal conversion processes.The structure design of different types of photothermal catalysts is summarized.The superior performance of photothermal catalytic conversion of CO_(2)is illustrated and discussed,including improved CO_(2)activation,tunable selectivity towards different solar fuel products,and resistance to sintering and coking.Finally,the perspectives and challenges in this cutting-edge field are presented with the aim of advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms and inspiring rational design of photothermal catalysts for highly efficient solar-to-fuel conversion.展开更多
In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station ...In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage tech no logy. Combined with chemical en ergy storage, the failure to achieve sec on d-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar en ergy and site resources, the in teg rated performance can be improved by an optical storage system in stalled in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultrahigh- voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.展开更多
Photothermal conversion for water vapor gen- eration is a novel strategy and an efficient way to utilize solar energy, which has great potential for water purification and desalination. In this review, the development...Photothermal conversion for water vapor gen- eration is a novel strategy and an efficient way to utilize solar energy, which has great potential for water purification and desalination. In this review, the development of photothermal conversion and the classification of absorbers for solar vapor generation systems are presented, especially in recent devel- opment of carbon nanocomposites （carbon nanotubes and graphene） as solar vapor generation devices. Combined with recent progresses and achievements in this field, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for photothermal conversion based on carbon nanocomposites as well as their promising applications.展开更多
The device performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells largely depends on not only the back ohmic contact, but also the conformality of Cd S window layer coating. In order to reduce the light absorption loss in Cd S, the Cd S...The device performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells largely depends on not only the back ohmic contact, but also the conformality of Cd S window layer coating. In order to reduce the light absorption loss in Cd S, the Cd S thickness is usually less than 100 nm. However, pinholes in Cd S and non-conformal coverage of Cd S on transparent conducting oxide layer will cause shunting thus leading to device performance degradation and failure. In this paper, low-temperature and low-cost fabrication methods, i.e., chemical bath deposition and electrochemical deposition, were used to deposit Cd S and Cd Te, respectively. It was found that the yield of device was around 20 % due to shunting. In order to alleviate this problem, a compact layer of TiO2 was inserted between the fluorine-doped tin oxide and Cd S as a buffer layer. The thickness effect of TiO2 was studied and showed that devices with thin(20 nm thickness) TiO2 performed better than the counterparts with thick layers. It was discovered that device yield improved to 80 % and stability in air substantially improved with TiO2 layer.展开更多
Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and ...Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and biomass energy,SAMs have realized ultra-high efficiency and show an appealing future in practical application.More than high activity,the uniform active sites also provide a convincible model for chemists to design and comprehend the mechanism behind the phenomenon.Therefore,we presented an insightful review of the application of the single-atom material in the field of energy conversion.The challenges(e.g.,accurate synthesis and practical application)and future directions(e.g.,machine learning and efficient design)of the applications of SAMs in energy conversion are included,aiming to provide guidance for the research in the next step.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China (2204079)the Science and Technology General Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202010020001)support from the endowed Jacob F. Buckman Chair fund。
文摘Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied due to its advantages over traditional heat-driven catalysis.In this review,we focus on photothermal catalysis of thermodynamically uphill reactions that convert CO_(2)into value-added products.We first introduce the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis for CO_(2)reduction,including the definition and classification of photothermal catalysis,followed by their photothermal conversion processes.The structure design of different types of photothermal catalysts is summarized.The superior performance of photothermal catalytic conversion of CO_(2)is illustrated and discussed,including improved CO_(2)activation,tunable selectivity towards different solar fuel products,and resistance to sintering and coking.Finally,the perspectives and challenges in this cutting-edge field are presented with the aim of advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms and inspiring rational design of photothermal catalysts for highly efficient solar-to-fuel conversion.
基金supported by the State Grid Science and Technology Project(No.SGZJ0000KXJS1800313/Title 1:Research on Key Technologies Engineering Application of Large Variable Speed Pumped Storage UnitNo.SGTYHT/17-JS-199/Title 2:Study on Transient Characteristics Analysis of Variable Speed Pumped Storage Unit and Coordination Control Technology of Network Source)
文摘In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage tech no logy. Combined with chemical en ergy storage, the failure to achieve sec on d-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar en ergy and site resources, the in teg rated performance can be improved by an optical storage system in stalled in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultrahigh- voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0200200)the Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber & Product (Wuhan Textile University)Ministry of Education (FZXW006)
文摘Photothermal conversion for water vapor gen- eration is a novel strategy and an efficient way to utilize solar energy, which has great potential for water purification and desalination. In this review, the development of photothermal conversion and the classification of absorbers for solar vapor generation systems are presented, especially in recent devel- opment of carbon nanocomposites （carbon nanotubes and graphene） as solar vapor generation devices. Combined with recent progresses and achievements in this field, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for photothermal conversion based on carbon nanocomposites as well as their promising applications.
基金supported by Hong Kong Innovation Technology Commission project(ITS/117/13)Hong Kong Research Grants Council project(612113)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Project of Shenzhen Science & Technology Foundation(JCYJ20130402164725025)the International Collaboration Project of Shenzhen Science & Technology Foundation(GJHZ20130417170946221)
文摘The device performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells largely depends on not only the back ohmic contact, but also the conformality of Cd S window layer coating. In order to reduce the light absorption loss in Cd S, the Cd S thickness is usually less than 100 nm. However, pinholes in Cd S and non-conformal coverage of Cd S on transparent conducting oxide layer will cause shunting thus leading to device performance degradation and failure. In this paper, low-temperature and low-cost fabrication methods, i.e., chemical bath deposition and electrochemical deposition, were used to deposit Cd S and Cd Te, respectively. It was found that the yield of device was around 20 % due to shunting. In order to alleviate this problem, a compact layer of TiO2 was inserted between the fluorine-doped tin oxide and Cd S as a buffer layer. The thickness effect of TiO2 was studied and showed that devices with thin(20 nm thickness) TiO2 performed better than the counterparts with thick layers. It was discovered that device yield improved to 80 % and stability in air substantially improved with TiO2 layer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22325101。
文摘Single-atom materials(SAMs)have become one of the most important power sources to push the field of energy conversion forward.Among the main types of energy,including thermal energy,electrical energy,solar energy,and biomass energy,SAMs have realized ultra-high efficiency and show an appealing future in practical application.More than high activity,the uniform active sites also provide a convincible model for chemists to design and comprehend the mechanism behind the phenomenon.Therefore,we presented an insightful review of the application of the single-atom material in the field of energy conversion.The challenges(e.g.,accurate synthesis and practical application)and future directions(e.g.,machine learning and efficient design)of the applications of SAMs in energy conversion are included,aiming to provide guidance for the research in the next step.
