Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships ...Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.展开更多
Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the su...Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel Ti N nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance(0.0145) in the 300–1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicate that the combination of the “lightning rod” effect and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving the photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency(η_(abs)) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, η_(abs) can reach90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth(h) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction(f_(v))being 6.95×10^(-6). This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors.展开更多
The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielect...The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielectric materials can concentrate and manipulate light at the nanoscale,they cannot provide sufficient photothermal efficiency in a direct absorption solar collector.Combining plasmonic metal nanoparticles with dielectric nanostructures enables the fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with excellent photothermal performance.This study presents a novel approach involving uniformly adhering plasmonic gold nanoparticles onto dielectric silicon nanoparticles to enhance the absorption peak,leading to a substantial enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency.The results demonstrate that the absorption peak of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles exceeds that of pure silicon nanoparticles,achieving a 38%increase in photothermal conversion efficiency within a 10 ppm aqueous solution under a 20 mm optical path.The coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance and quadrupole resonance effects enhances the electric field,causing a temperature rise in both the hybrid nanoparticles and the surrounding aqueous solution.Nanostructural modulation studies reveal that the photothermal efficiency of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles is positively correlated with gold nanoparticle size but negatively correlated with silicon nanoparticle size.Combining multiple plasmonic nanoparticles with dielectric materials can effectively enhance photothermal performance and hold great application potential in direct absorption solar collectors and solar thermal utilization.展开更多
Hydrogen production via solar water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising ways to utilize solar energy and has attracted more and more attention. Great progress has been made on photocatalytic water split...Hydrogen production via solar water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising ways to utilize solar energy and has attracted more and more attention. Great progress has been made on photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production in the past few years. This review summarizesthe very recent progress (mainly in the last 2–3 years) on three major types of solar hydrogenproduction systems: particulate photocatalysis (PC) systems, photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems,and photovoltaic‐photoelectrochemical (PV‐PEC) hybrid systems. The solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH)conversion efficiency of PC systems has recently exceeded 1.0% using a SrTiO3:La,Rh/Au/BiVO4:Mophotocatalyst, 2.5% for PEC water splitting on a tantalum nitride photoanode, and reached 22.4%for PV‐PEC water splitting using a multi‐junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge cell and Ni electrode hybrid system.The advantages and disadvantages of these systems for hydrogen production via solar watersplitting, especially for their potential demonstration and application in the future, are briefly describedand discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for solar water splitting solutions are also forecasted.展开更多
Herein,two novel 3D porous Ni-based N doped carbon heterojunctions(NiS_(2)@NC or Ni_(2)P@NC)were suc-cessfully prepared through in situ carbonization and sulfurization or phosphorization by using flower-like Ni-based ...Herein,two novel 3D porous Ni-based N doped carbon heterojunctions(NiS_(2)@NC or Ni_(2)P@NC)were suc-cessfully prepared through in situ carbonization and sulfurization or phosphorization by using flower-like Ni-based zeolite imidazolium framework as a precursor.Physiochemical and photoelectrochemical prop-erties were investigated to explore photoinduced charge separation and transfer in the heterojunction.Meanwhile,the photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances were evaluated systematically.In contrast to the controlled Ni-ZIF and Ni@NC composites,the expected flower-like NiS_(2)@NC compounds show significantly enhanced photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances,which is 13.8 times that of Ni-ZIF and 1.8 times that of Ni@NC.Furthermore,a phosphorus-decorated composite(Ni_(2)P@NC)was synthesized for better comparison,which also displays apparently improved photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities.The findings present that the synergistic effect of S doping and semicon-ducting NiS_(2) formation take responsibility for the enhancement of H_(2) generation over the NiS_(2)@NC hy-brids.This work can provide a new strategy to construct efficient ZIFs-based photo/electrocatalysts with high performance of H_(2) production.展开更多
As the total amount and share of new energy installed capacity continue to rise,the demand for flexible regulation capability of the power system is becoming more and more prominent.The current conventional molten sal...As the total amount and share of new energy installed capacity continue to rise,the demand for flexible regulation capability of the power system is becoming more and more prominent.The current conventional molten salt energy storage system has insufficient peaking capacity.A solar-molten salt energy storage system based on multiple heat sources is constructed in this study.The heat generated from the solar field and the steams are used for the peaking process to further enhance the peaking capacity and flexibility.The installation multi-stage steam extraction and the introduction of an external heat source significantly improve the system performance.The simulation models based on EBSILON software are developed and the effects of key parameters on performance are discussed.The feasibility of the proposed system is further evaluated in terms of exergy and economy.The results demonstrate that the proposed SF-TES-CFPP(solar field,thermal energy storage system,coal-fired power plant)system exhibits the enhancement of peaking capability and flexible operation.In comparison with the conventional TES-CFPP,the integration of solar energy into the peaking process has enabled the SF-TES-CFPP system to enhance its peaking capacity by 20.60 MW while concurrently reducing the coal consumption rate by 10.26 g/kWh.The round-trip efficiency of the whole process of the system can be up to 85.43%through the reasonable heat distribution.In addition,the exergy loss of the principal components can be diminished and the exergy efficiency of the system can be augmented by selecting an appropriate main steam extraction mass and split ratio.The economic analysis demonstrates the dynamic payback period is 9.90 years with the net present value(NPV)across the entire life cycle reaching 1.06902×10^(9)USD.展开更多
The pursuit of enhancing solar energy utilization efficiency has led to the continuous development of innovative materials and devices and especially exploring new mechanisms in artificial solar energy technologies.Tr...The pursuit of enhancing solar energy utilization efficiency has led to the continuous development of innovative materials and devices and especially exploring new mechanisms in artificial solar energy technologies.Traditional photosensitizing systems with a single-photon process usually suffer from the waste of low-energy photons of sunlight;in this context,a multiphoton strategy have been proposed by mimicking the photosynthesis process in nature in order to overcome this limitation.This review provides insights into various novel multiphoton strategies especially the consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.The significance of the effective utilization of low-energy photons is emphasized,presenting a key pathway for improving energy conversion efficiency in various artificial techniques including photocatalysis,photoelectrodes,and solar cells.Furthermore,the long-time stable intermediate charge separation states are highlighted as an essential issue for the multiphotonstrategy. Finally, a perspective is given on the possibletransplantation of the multiphoton strategy fromsolution to solid-state devices in the future.展开更多
Dear Editor,Surface solar radiation(SSR)refers to the solar shortwave radiation(SWR)that reaches the Earth’s surface,serving as the primary energy source for life on our planet and the major force in land surfacemode...Dear Editor,Surface solar radiation(SSR)refers to the solar shortwave radiation(SWR)that reaches the Earth’s surface,serving as the primary energy source for life on our planet and the major force in land surfacemodels.1,2 Variations in SSR can affect climate change,plant photosynthesis,and solar energy utilization.3 Satellite remote sensing,characterized by its robust data continuity and extensive coverage,stands out as one of themost effective means for monitoring changes in SSR.4 However,even the current state-of-the-art satellite SSR products,such as Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES)and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project,have spatial resolutions that are limited to only a few hundred kilometers,which significantly hinders the refined observation and application of SSR.展开更多
Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand...Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand natural renewable energy source such as solar energy and to promote energy conservation. However, in high-latitude regions, it is difficult to directly and effectively use solar power due to on insufficient amount of solar radiation. If steam can be generated from warm water at less than 373 K, it is possible to obtain steam by solar water heaters from weak solar radiation and industrial waste warm water without the consumption of any fossil fuels. In this study, the authors have been developing a system which generates steam over 423 K from warm water at less than 373 K using an adsorption heat pump with zeolite. Therefore, bench-scale equipment which generates steam continuously and the experimental results are mentioned.展开更多
Refrigeration challenges in regions with electricity shortages significantly decrease the quality of life for residents. In response to the prevalent refrigeration challenges in power-deficient areas, a novel distribu...Refrigeration challenges in regions with electricity shortages significantly decrease the quality of life for residents. In response to the prevalent refrigeration challenges in power-deficient areas, a novel distributed solar refrigeration system, comprising an evacuated U-tube solar collector and elastocaloric refrigerator, is theoretically introduced. Theoretical formulations for the energy efficiency and cooling power of the solar refrigeration system are presented to facilitate predictive assessments of the performance properties. Under typical conditions, the energy efficiency and cooling power of the solar refrigeration system are,respectively, 4.84% and 200.15 W. Subsequently, an extensive parameter study is conducted to comprehensively uncover key performance influencers and identify avenues for improvement. In addition, local sensitivity analyses identify that the length ratio is the top influential parameter, while the heat transfer fluid flow rate is the least sensitivity. A pragmatic case study,conducted with the weather data of Ningbo City, China, serves to empirically predict the performance of the hybrid system within the constraints of practical circumstances.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there...INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there is a burgeoning interest in developing diverse solar energy utilizationmethods.Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,a process that harnesses sunlight,semiconductor materials,and water to transform solar energy into hydrogen energy,has emerged as a promising,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective solution.展开更多
In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a solar parabolic trough receiver tube with porous insert and non-uniform heat flux condition was investigated. A new optimization method, which couples genetic algorith...In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a solar parabolic trough receiver tube with porous insert and non-uniform heat flux condition was investigated. A new optimization method, which couples genetic algorithm(GA) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) based on Socket communication, was proposed to optimize the configuration of porous insert. After the acquisition of the optimal porous inserts, some performance evaluation criterions such as synergy angle, entransy dissipation and exergy loss were introduced to discuss the heat transfer performance of the enhanced receiver tubes(ERTs) with optimal and referenced porous inserts. The results showed that, for a large range of properties of porous insert(including porosity and thermal conductivity) and Reynolds number, the heat-transfer performance of ERT with porous insert optimized by GA is always higher than that of the referenced ERTs. Better heat-transfer performance can further improve the solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency and mechanical property of the solar parabolic trough receiver. When some porous materials with high thermal conductivity are adopted, ERT can simultaneously obtain perfect thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance by using the same optimized porous insert, which cannot be achieved by using the referenced porous insert. In the view of those introduced evaluation criterions, using the optimized porous insert can obtain better synergy performance and lesser irreversibility of heat transfer than using the referenced porous insert. Entransy dissipation per unit energy transferred and exergy loss rate have equivalent effects on the evaluation of irreversibility of heat transfer process. These evaluation criterions can be used as optimization goals for enhancing the comprehensive performance of the solar parabolic trough receiver.展开更多
Cyclohexane dehydrogenation in the solar-driven membrane reactor is a promising method of directly producing pure hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane and storing low-grade solar energy as high-grade chemical energy....Cyclohexane dehydrogenation in the solar-driven membrane reactor is a promising method of directly producing pure hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane and storing low-grade solar energy as high-grade chemical energy.In this paper,partial pressure of gases,conversion rate of cyclohexane,and energy efficiency of the reactor are analyzed based on numerical simulation.The process of cyclohexane dehydrogenation under four temperatures(200℃,250℃,300℃,and 350℃)and four permeate pressures(0.050 MPa,0.025 MPa,0.010 MPa,and 0.001 MPa)were studied.A complete conversion rate(99.9%)of cyclohexane was obtained as the reaction equilibrium shifts forward with hydrogen separation.The first-law thermodynamic efficiency,solar-to-fuel efficiency,and exergy efficiency could reach as high as 94.69%,46.93%and 93.08%,respectively.This study indicates that it is feasible to combine solar energy supply technology with cyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction integrated with membrane reactor.展开更多
A novel coupling system that combines a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)subsystem and an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)driven by solar parabolic trough collector(PTC)is presented in this paper.The mathematical model is initiall...A novel coupling system that combines a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)subsystem and an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)driven by solar parabolic trough collector(PTC)is presented in this paper.The mathematical model is initially built.On the basis,the influence of area ratio of two collectors(PV/T and PTC)on the performance of system is discussed.The results show that the optimal area ratio of PV/T to PTC is 8:2,which can achieve the maximum energy output.Moreover,the performance of the coupling system and two independent systems(PV/T and ORC system)are compared and analyzed.The results show that the coupling system is more reliable and its total output energy(heat and electricity)is the highest,compared with the other two independent systems.The solar energy utilization efficiency of the coupling system is 40%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the steady-state simulation.Moreover,the annual output energy per unit area collector of the coupling system is 13%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the dynamic simulation.Furthermore,in the dynamic simulation of a typical day,the PV panels’temperature of the coupling system is 5℃–7℃ lower than that of the independent PV/T system.It means that the power generation efficiency of PV panels can be increased by 1.5%–3.5%.This study aims to explore the operation characteristics of the novel solar energy utilization coupling system and promote the development of renewable energy utilization models,which provides a reference for the design and optimization of related energy systems.展开更多
A unified theory of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamics is always in search as it is meaningful for solar energy utilization.An exergy analysis of photo-thermal interaction process between the solar radiation ene...A unified theory of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamics is always in search as it is meaningful for solar energy utilization.An exergy analysis of photo-thermal interaction process between the solar radiation energy and solar receiver is conducted in this paper.The non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic system is described.The thermodynamic process of photo-thermal interaction between the solar radiation and solar receiver is introduced.Energy,exergy and entropy equations for the photo-thermal process are provided.Formulas for calculating the optimum receiving temperatures of the solar receiver under both non-concentration and solar concentration conditions are presented.A simple solar receiver is chosen as the calculation example to launch the exergy analysis under non-concentration condition.Furthermore,the effect analysis of solar concentration on the thermodynamic performance of the solar receiver for solar thermal utilization is carried out.The analysis results demonstrate that both the output exergy flux and efficiency of the solar receiver can be improved by increasing the solar concentration ratio during the solar thermal utilization process.The formulas and results provided in this paper may be used as a theoretical reference for the further studies of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic theory and solar thermal utilization.展开更多
The design and potential application analysis of the novel solar-absorbing integrated facade module and its corresponding building-integrated solar facade water heating system are presented in this study.Compared with...The design and potential application analysis of the novel solar-absorbing integrated facade module and its corresponding building-integrated solar facade water heating system are presented in this study.Compared with the conventional building envelope,the main novities of the proposed facade module lie in its contributions towards the supplied water preheating to loads and the internal heat gain reduction.Besides,the proposed building-integrated solar facade water heating system broadens the combination modes of the solar thermal system and the building envelope.A dynamic model is introduced first for system design and performance prediction.To evaluate the energy-saving potential and feasibility of the implementation of the proposed facade module,this paper carried out a suitable case study by replacing the conventional facade module in the ongoing retrofitting project of a kitchen,part of the canteen of a graduate school.The detailed thermal performances of three system design options are compared in the typical winter and summer weeks and throughout the year,and then,with the preferred system design,the economic,energy,and environmental effects of the proposed system are evaluated.It was found that the system with a high flow rate of the circulating water is suggested.The annual electricity saved reaches 4175.3 kWh with yearly average thermal efficiency at 46.9%,and its corresponding cost payback time,energy payback time,and greenhouse gas payback time are 3.8,1.7,1.7 years,respectively.This study confirms the feasibility and long-term benefits of the proposed building-integrated solar facade water heating system in buildings.展开更多
The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the r...The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the realization of the zero-carbon target in the construction sector.This system involves the vertical installation of bifacial photovoltaic panels on building facades,which are overlaid with climbing vegetation or modular plant systems.Solar radiation incident upon these facades is partially harnessed as electricity by the bifacial photovoltaic panels,while the remainder is absorbed by the plants,beneficial for summer thermal insulation.Meanwhile,the plants aid in cooling the photovoltaic materials through evapotranspiration,thereby enhancing the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of the BPVGF was developed to evaluate its thermal performance.The findings indicate that the incorporation of vertical greening with varying parameters can significantly mitigate the temperatures of both the interior and exterior walls,as well as the bifacial PV panels.Specifically,with a greening thickness of 80 mm,the maximum temperature reductions for the interior and exterior wall surfaces,and the bifacial PV panels were recorded at 2.59℃,5.29℃,and 4.72℃,respectively.Moreover,the photovoltaic efficiency of the bifacial PV panels experienced an increase of 2.5%.This study highlights the dual potential of vertical greening in optimizing thermal environments and elevating PV conversion efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376205)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Strategic Research and Consulting Project(2023-XZ-38).
文摘Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52106099)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel Ti N nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance(0.0145) in the 300–1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicate that the combination of the “lightning rod” effect and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving the photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency(η_(abs)) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, η_(abs) can reach90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth(h) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction(f_(v))being 6.95×10^(-6). This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52106099)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong.
文摘The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielectric materials can concentrate and manipulate light at the nanoscale,they cannot provide sufficient photothermal efficiency in a direct absorption solar collector.Combining plasmonic metal nanoparticles with dielectric nanostructures enables the fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with excellent photothermal performance.This study presents a novel approach involving uniformly adhering plasmonic gold nanoparticles onto dielectric silicon nanoparticles to enhance the absorption peak,leading to a substantial enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency.The results demonstrate that the absorption peak of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles exceeds that of pure silicon nanoparticles,achieving a 38%increase in photothermal conversion efficiency within a 10 ppm aqueous solution under a 20 mm optical path.The coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance and quadrupole resonance effects enhances the electric field,causing a temperature rise in both the hybrid nanoparticles and the surrounding aqueous solution.Nanostructural modulation studies reveal that the photothermal efficiency of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles is positively correlated with gold nanoparticle size but negatively correlated with silicon nanoparticle size.Combining multiple plasmonic nanoparticles with dielectric materials can effectively enhance photothermal performance and hold great application potential in direct absorption solar collectors and solar thermal utilization.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (973 Program, 2014CB239400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21501236, 21673230)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016167)~~
文摘Hydrogen production via solar water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising ways to utilize solar energy and has attracted more and more attention. Great progress has been made on photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production in the past few years. This review summarizesthe very recent progress (mainly in the last 2–3 years) on three major types of solar hydrogenproduction systems: particulate photocatalysis (PC) systems, photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems,and photovoltaic‐photoelectrochemical (PV‐PEC) hybrid systems. The solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH)conversion efficiency of PC systems has recently exceeded 1.0% using a SrTiO3:La,Rh/Au/BiVO4:Mophotocatalyst, 2.5% for PEC water splitting on a tantalum nitride photoanode, and reached 22.4%for PV‐PEC water splitting using a multi‐junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge cell and Ni electrode hybrid system.The advantages and disadvantages of these systems for hydrogen production via solar watersplitting, especially for their potential demonstration and application in the future, are briefly describedand discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for solar water splitting solutions are also forecasted.
基金Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(No.2022020801020366)Science Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.K201939)+2 种基金Innovative Team program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFA032)J.Liu thanks to the support of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022502071)Fundamental Research Universities(No.2022MS110).
文摘Herein,two novel 3D porous Ni-based N doped carbon heterojunctions(NiS_(2)@NC or Ni_(2)P@NC)were suc-cessfully prepared through in situ carbonization and sulfurization or phosphorization by using flower-like Ni-based zeolite imidazolium framework as a precursor.Physiochemical and photoelectrochemical prop-erties were investigated to explore photoinduced charge separation and transfer in the heterojunction.Meanwhile,the photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances were evaluated systematically.In contrast to the controlled Ni-ZIF and Ni@NC composites,the expected flower-like NiS_(2)@NC compounds show significantly enhanced photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances,which is 13.8 times that of Ni-ZIF and 1.8 times that of Ni@NC.Furthermore,a phosphorus-decorated composite(Ni_(2)P@NC)was synthesized for better comparison,which also displays apparently improved photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities.The findings present that the synergistic effect of S doping and semicon-ducting NiS_(2) formation take responsibility for the enhancement of H_(2) generation over the NiS_(2)@NC hy-brids.This work can provide a new strategy to construct efficient ZIFs-based photo/electrocatalysts with high performance of H_(2) production.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(No.2022YFB4202404)。
文摘As the total amount and share of new energy installed capacity continue to rise,the demand for flexible regulation capability of the power system is becoming more and more prominent.The current conventional molten salt energy storage system has insufficient peaking capacity.A solar-molten salt energy storage system based on multiple heat sources is constructed in this study.The heat generated from the solar field and the steams are used for the peaking process to further enhance the peaking capacity and flexibility.The installation multi-stage steam extraction and the introduction of an external heat source significantly improve the system performance.The simulation models based on EBSILON software are developed and the effects of key parameters on performance are discussed.The feasibility of the proposed system is further evaluated in terms of exergy and economy.The results demonstrate that the proposed SF-TES-CFPP(solar field,thermal energy storage system,coal-fired power plant)system exhibits the enhancement of peaking capability and flexible operation.In comparison with the conventional TES-CFPP,the integration of solar energy into the peaking process has enabled the SF-TES-CFPP system to enhance its peaking capacity by 20.60 MW while concurrently reducing the coal consumption rate by 10.26 g/kWh.The round-trip efficiency of the whole process of the system can be up to 85.43%through the reasonable heat distribution.In addition,the exergy loss of the principal components can be diminished and the exergy efficiency of the system can be augmented by selecting an appropriate main steam extraction mass and split ratio.The economic analysis demonstrates the dynamic payback period is 9.90 years with the net present value(NPV)across the entire life cycle reaching 1.06902×10^(9)USD.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.52103206 and 52373178)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant no.2022YFA1204404)the Fund of the Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province(grant no.2023B1212060003).
文摘The pursuit of enhancing solar energy utilization efficiency has led to the continuous development of innovative materials and devices and especially exploring new mechanisms in artificial solar energy technologies.Traditional photosensitizing systems with a single-photon process usually suffer from the waste of low-energy photons of sunlight;in this context,a multiphoton strategy have been proposed by mimicking the photosynthesis process in nature in order to overcome this limitation.This review provides insights into various novel multiphoton strategies especially the consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.The significance of the effective utilization of low-energy photons is emphasized,presenting a key pathway for improving energy conversion efficiency in various artificial techniques including photocatalysis,photoelectrodes,and solar cells.Furthermore,the long-time stable intermediate charge separation states are highlighted as an essential issue for the multiphotonstrategy. Finally, a perspective is given on the possibletransplantation of the multiphoton strategy fromsolution to solid-state devices in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(42025504)supported by the National Satellite Meteorological Center,Chinese Meteorological Administration,China+1 种基金the Center for Environmental Remote Sensing,Chiba University,Japanand the ICARE Data and Services Center,University of Lille,France.The SSRC data derived from the GSNO system will be accessible through the CARE homepage(www.slrss.cn/care/sp/pc/)upon publication of the corresponding paper.
文摘Dear Editor,Surface solar radiation(SSR)refers to the solar shortwave radiation(SWR)that reaches the Earth’s surface,serving as the primary energy source for life on our planet and the major force in land surfacemodels.1,2 Variations in SSR can affect climate change,plant photosynthesis,and solar energy utilization.3 Satellite remote sensing,characterized by its robust data continuity and extensive coverage,stands out as one of themost effective means for monitoring changes in SSR.4 However,even the current state-of-the-art satellite SSR products,such as Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES)and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project,have spatial resolutions that are limited to only a few hundred kilometers,which significantly hinders the refined observation and application of SSR.
文摘Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand natural renewable energy source such as solar energy and to promote energy conservation. However, in high-latitude regions, it is difficult to directly and effectively use solar power due to on insufficient amount of solar radiation. If steam can be generated from warm water at less than 373 K, it is possible to obtain steam by solar water heaters from weak solar radiation and industrial waste warm water without the consumption of any fossil fuels. In this study, the authors have been developing a system which generates steam over 423 K from warm water at less than 373 K using an adsorption heat pump with zeolite. Therefore, bench-scale equipment which generates steam continuously and the experimental results are mentioned.
基金supported by the Baima Lake Laboratory Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LBMHY24E060010)。
文摘Refrigeration challenges in regions with electricity shortages significantly decrease the quality of life for residents. In response to the prevalent refrigeration challenges in power-deficient areas, a novel distributed solar refrigeration system, comprising an evacuated U-tube solar collector and elastocaloric refrigerator, is theoretically introduced. Theoretical formulations for the energy efficiency and cooling power of the solar refrigeration system are presented to facilitate predictive assessments of the performance properties. Under typical conditions, the energy efficiency and cooling power of the solar refrigeration system are,respectively, 4.84% and 200.15 W. Subsequently, an extensive parameter study is conducted to comprehensively uncover key performance influencers and identify avenues for improvement. In addition, local sensitivity analyses identify that the length ratio is the top influential parameter, while the heat transfer fluid flow rate is the least sensitivity. A pragmatic case study,conducted with the weather data of Ningbo City, China, serves to empirically predict the performance of the hybrid system within the constraints of practical circumstances.
基金supported by theHundred TalentsProgram(B)of the Chinese Academyof Sciences(E2XBRD1001).ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457supported byMCIN with funding fromEuropean Union Next Generation EU(PRTR-C17.I1)and by Generalitat de Catalunya(In-CAEM Project).The authors are thankful for support from the project AMaDE(PID2023-149158OB-C43),funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/+1 种基金“ERDF A way of making Europe,”funded by the European Unionsupported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI(grant no.CEX2021-001214-S)and funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.ICN2 is founding member of e-DREAM.
文摘INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there is a burgeoning interest in developing diverse solar energy utilizationmethods.Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,a process that harnesses sunlight,semiconductor materials,and water to transform solar energy into hydrogen energy,has emerged as a promising,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective solution.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51436007)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51590902)
文摘In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a solar parabolic trough receiver tube with porous insert and non-uniform heat flux condition was investigated. A new optimization method, which couples genetic algorithm(GA) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) based on Socket communication, was proposed to optimize the configuration of porous insert. After the acquisition of the optimal porous inserts, some performance evaluation criterions such as synergy angle, entransy dissipation and exergy loss were introduced to discuss the heat transfer performance of the enhanced receiver tubes(ERTs) with optimal and referenced porous inserts. The results showed that, for a large range of properties of porous insert(including porosity and thermal conductivity) and Reynolds number, the heat-transfer performance of ERT with porous insert optimized by GA is always higher than that of the referenced ERTs. Better heat-transfer performance can further improve the solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency and mechanical property of the solar parabolic trough receiver. When some porous materials with high thermal conductivity are adopted, ERT can simultaneously obtain perfect thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance by using the same optimized porous insert, which cannot be achieved by using the referenced porous insert. In the view of those introduced evaluation criterions, using the optimized porous insert can obtain better synergy performance and lesser irreversibility of heat transfer than using the referenced porous insert. Entransy dissipation per unit energy transferred and exergy loss rate have equivalent effects on the evaluation of irreversibility of heat transfer process. These evaluation criterions can be used as optimization goals for enhancing the comprehensive performance of the solar parabolic trough receiver.
基金This work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51906179)the China Scholarship Council(No.201906275035)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0808401).
文摘Cyclohexane dehydrogenation in the solar-driven membrane reactor is a promising method of directly producing pure hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane and storing low-grade solar energy as high-grade chemical energy.In this paper,partial pressure of gases,conversion rate of cyclohexane,and energy efficiency of the reactor are analyzed based on numerical simulation.The process of cyclohexane dehydrogenation under four temperatures(200℃,250℃,300℃,and 350℃)and four permeate pressures(0.050 MPa,0.025 MPa,0.010 MPa,and 0.001 MPa)were studied.A complete conversion rate(99.9%)of cyclohexane was obtained as the reaction equilibrium shifts forward with hydrogen separation.The first-law thermodynamic efficiency,solar-to-fuel efficiency,and exergy efficiency could reach as high as 94.69%,46.93%and 93.08%,respectively.This study indicates that it is feasible to combine solar energy supply technology with cyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction integrated with membrane reactor.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China-Research on Optimal Configuration and Demand Response of Energy Storage Technology in Nearly Zero Energy Community(No.2019YFE0193100).
文摘A novel coupling system that combines a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)subsystem and an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)driven by solar parabolic trough collector(PTC)is presented in this paper.The mathematical model is initially built.On the basis,the influence of area ratio of two collectors(PV/T and PTC)on the performance of system is discussed.The results show that the optimal area ratio of PV/T to PTC is 8:2,which can achieve the maximum energy output.Moreover,the performance of the coupling system and two independent systems(PV/T and ORC system)are compared and analyzed.The results show that the coupling system is more reliable and its total output energy(heat and electricity)is the highest,compared with the other two independent systems.The solar energy utilization efficiency of the coupling system is 40%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the steady-state simulation.Moreover,the annual output energy per unit area collector of the coupling system is 13%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the dynamic simulation.Furthermore,in the dynamic simulation of a typical day,the PV panels’temperature of the coupling system is 5℃–7℃ lower than that of the independent PV/T system.It means that the power generation efficiency of PV panels can be increased by 1.5%–3.5%.This study aims to explore the operation characteristics of the novel solar energy utilization coupling system and promote the development of renewable energy utilization models,which provides a reference for the design and optimization of related energy systems.
基金This study is financially supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20190103062JH)the Special Project for the Outstanding Youth Cultivation of Jilin City of China(Grant No.20190104126).
文摘A unified theory of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamics is always in search as it is meaningful for solar energy utilization.An exergy analysis of photo-thermal interaction process between the solar radiation energy and solar receiver is conducted in this paper.The non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic system is described.The thermodynamic process of photo-thermal interaction between the solar radiation and solar receiver is introduced.Energy,exergy and entropy equations for the photo-thermal process are provided.Formulas for calculating the optimum receiving temperatures of the solar receiver under both non-concentration and solar concentration conditions are presented.A simple solar receiver is chosen as the calculation example to launch the exergy analysis under non-concentration condition.Furthermore,the effect analysis of solar concentration on the thermodynamic performance of the solar receiver for solar thermal utilization is carried out.The analysis results demonstrate that both the output exergy flux and efficiency of the solar receiver can be improved by increasing the solar concentration ratio during the solar thermal utilization process.The formulas and results provided in this paper may be used as a theoretical reference for the further studies of non-equilibrium radiation thermodynamic theory and solar thermal utilization.
基金the financial supports from Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project(2018IT100363)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110180)Guangdong Technology-transfer Center for the Commercialization of University-Innovations(zc01010000059).
文摘The design and potential application analysis of the novel solar-absorbing integrated facade module and its corresponding building-integrated solar facade water heating system are presented in this study.Compared with the conventional building envelope,the main novities of the proposed facade module lie in its contributions towards the supplied water preheating to loads and the internal heat gain reduction.Besides,the proposed building-integrated solar facade water heating system broadens the combination modes of the solar thermal system and the building envelope.A dynamic model is introduced first for system design and performance prediction.To evaluate the energy-saving potential and feasibility of the implementation of the proposed facade module,this paper carried out a suitable case study by replacing the conventional facade module in the ongoing retrofitting project of a kitchen,part of the canteen of a graduate school.The detailed thermal performances of three system design options are compared in the typical winter and summer weeks and throughout the year,and then,with the preferred system design,the economic,energy,and environmental effects of the proposed system are evaluated.It was found that the system with a high flow rate of the circulating water is suggested.The annual electricity saved reaches 4175.3 kWh with yearly average thermal efficiency at 46.9%,and its corresponding cost payback time,energy payback time,and greenhouse gas payback time are 3.8,1.7,1.7 years,respectively.This study confirms the feasibility and long-term benefits of the proposed building-integrated solar facade water heating system in buildings.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010709,No.2023A1515011134)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Project No.JCYJ20210324093209025).
文摘The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the realization of the zero-carbon target in the construction sector.This system involves the vertical installation of bifacial photovoltaic panels on building facades,which are overlaid with climbing vegetation or modular plant systems.Solar radiation incident upon these facades is partially harnessed as electricity by the bifacial photovoltaic panels,while the remainder is absorbed by the plants,beneficial for summer thermal insulation.Meanwhile,the plants aid in cooling the photovoltaic materials through evapotranspiration,thereby enhancing the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of the BPVGF was developed to evaluate its thermal performance.The findings indicate that the incorporation of vertical greening with varying parameters can significantly mitigate the temperatures of both the interior and exterior walls,as well as the bifacial PV panels.Specifically,with a greening thickness of 80 mm,the maximum temperature reductions for the interior and exterior wall surfaces,and the bifacial PV panels were recorded at 2.59℃,5.29℃,and 4.72℃,respectively.Moreover,the photovoltaic efficiency of the bifacial PV panels experienced an increase of 2.5%.This study highlights the dual potential of vertical greening in optimizing thermal environments and elevating PV conversion efficiency.
