The potential coupling between discrete releases of solar energy within the 2.8 GHz band and increments of seismic energy could suggest alternative mechanisms for solar-terrestrial interactions. Daily measures of Sola...The potential coupling between discrete releases of solar energy within the 2.8 GHz band and increments of seismic energy could suggest alternative mechanisms for solar-terrestrial interactions. Daily measures of Solar Flux Units (SFU) and the average energy of global earthquakes between 0.01 and 1 M for a 5 year period (2009-2013) shared about 25% of the same variance (r = -0.50). Average energies from the other successive 1 M intervals did not display the strength of this effect or were not statistically significant. The slope of the association indicated that for every 10-22 W/m2Hz1 decrease in daily SFUs, the average energy per earthquake in the 0.01 to 1 M range increased over the earth’s surface area on average by ~3 × 10-12 J/m2. The discrepancy of ~1010 in energy density was accommodated by multiplication of the solar unit by the frequency equivalent (1.39 × 1010 Hz/T) of the Bohr magneton and its intrinsic magnetic field strength. Although the results and the convergent quantification suggest a coupling between the mechanisms responsible for fluctuations in 2.8 GHz power from the sun and the energies of the smallest magnitude earthquake activities as predicted, the presence of a third factor related to time or to the sun’s movement through space must still be accommodated.展开更多
开发兼具优异器件性能和良好加工性能的聚合物给体是推进有机太阳能电池产业化的有效措施.聚(2,6-(4,8-双(5-(2-乙基己基-3-氟)噻吩-2-基)-苯并(1,2-b:4,5-b')二噻吩))-(2-丁基辛基)噻吩-2-基-8-(4-(2-丁基辛基)-5-甲基噻吩-2-基)...开发兼具优异器件性能和良好加工性能的聚合物给体是推进有机太阳能电池产业化的有效措施.聚(2,6-(4,8-双(5-(2-乙基己基-3-氟)噻吩-2-基)-苯并(1,2-b:4,5-b')二噻吩))-(2-丁基辛基)噻吩-2-基-8-(4-(2-丁基辛基)-5-甲基噻吩-2-基)二噻吩并(3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6)苯并(1,2)(1,2,5)噻二唑(简称:D18)因其高效率的优势受到了很多研究者的兴趣,但是其强聚集特性限制了其用非卤溶剂加工.本文介绍了一种在聚合物给体D18共轭主链中引入含柔性烷基桥联单元的结构改性方法,通过改变柔性烷基链的长度,调节引入含柔性烷基的桥联单元的含量,合成了D18-3C-5%和D18-4C-5%两种溶解性显著改善的新型聚合物给体.测试结果表明,当引入的柔性烷基链包含4个碳原子,含柔性烷基的桥联单元在聚合物主链中含量为5%时,所得的聚合物给体D18-4C-5%在使用非卤素溶剂邻二甲苯制备器件时可以获得高达17.32%的优异能量转换效率(PCE),器件的开路电压(V_(OC))为0.87 V,短路电流密度(J_(SC))为25.53 m A·cm^(-2),填充因子(FF)为0.78.D18-4C-5%减弱的分子聚集和结晶性大大改善了其在非卤溶剂中的溶解性,表现出优异的器件加工性能.基于D18-4C-5%:L8-BO的大面积柔性器件(1 cm^(2))也可实现14.00%的优异PCE.本工作阐明了柔性链削弱聚集策略对聚合物给体加工性能改善的重要作用,能够解决强聚集聚合物给体材料在大面积溶液加工中的局限性,对高效有机太阳能电池的进一步发展具有重要意义.展开更多
Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structu...Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structural problems of wind-solar power and thermoelectric. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a plurality of units together to ensure supply of heat load on the premise, by building a thermoelectric power peaking considering thermal load unit group dynamic scheduling model, to achieve the potential of different thermoelectric properties peaking units of the excavation. Simulation examples show, if the unit group exists obvious relationship thermoelectric individual differences, the thermal load dynamic scheduling can be more significantly improved overall performance peaking unit group, effectively increase clean energy consumptive.展开更多
Donor-acceptor type copolymers have wide applications in organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices.Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione（TPD）,as an electron-withdrawing unit,has been widely used in ...Donor-acceptor type copolymers have wide applications in organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices.Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione（TPD）,as an electron-withdrawing unit,has been widely used in D-A type copolymers recently.Till now,the highest power conversion efficiency and mobility of TPD-based copolymers are over 8% and 1.0 cm^2 V^（-1） s^（-1） respectively.In this review,the recent progress of TPD-based copolymers in organic solar cells and organic transistors is summarized.展开更多
文摘The potential coupling between discrete releases of solar energy within the 2.8 GHz band and increments of seismic energy could suggest alternative mechanisms for solar-terrestrial interactions. Daily measures of Solar Flux Units (SFU) and the average energy of global earthquakes between 0.01 and 1 M for a 5 year period (2009-2013) shared about 25% of the same variance (r = -0.50). Average energies from the other successive 1 M intervals did not display the strength of this effect or were not statistically significant. The slope of the association indicated that for every 10-22 W/m2Hz1 decrease in daily SFUs, the average energy per earthquake in the 0.01 to 1 M range increased over the earth’s surface area on average by ~3 × 10-12 J/m2. The discrepancy of ~1010 in energy density was accommodated by multiplication of the solar unit by the frequency equivalent (1.39 × 1010 Hz/T) of the Bohr magneton and its intrinsic magnetic field strength. Although the results and the convergent quantification suggest a coupling between the mechanisms responsible for fluctuations in 2.8 GHz power from the sun and the energies of the smallest magnitude earthquake activities as predicted, the presence of a third factor related to time or to the sun’s movement through space must still be accommodated.
文摘开发兼具优异器件性能和良好加工性能的聚合物给体是推进有机太阳能电池产业化的有效措施.聚(2,6-(4,8-双(5-(2-乙基己基-3-氟)噻吩-2-基)-苯并(1,2-b:4,5-b')二噻吩))-(2-丁基辛基)噻吩-2-基-8-(4-(2-丁基辛基)-5-甲基噻吩-2-基)二噻吩并(3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6)苯并(1,2)(1,2,5)噻二唑(简称:D18)因其高效率的优势受到了很多研究者的兴趣,但是其强聚集特性限制了其用非卤溶剂加工.本文介绍了一种在聚合物给体D18共轭主链中引入含柔性烷基桥联单元的结构改性方法,通过改变柔性烷基链的长度,调节引入含柔性烷基的桥联单元的含量,合成了D18-3C-5%和D18-4C-5%两种溶解性显著改善的新型聚合物给体.测试结果表明,当引入的柔性烷基链包含4个碳原子,含柔性烷基的桥联单元在聚合物主链中含量为5%时,所得的聚合物给体D18-4C-5%在使用非卤素溶剂邻二甲苯制备器件时可以获得高达17.32%的优异能量转换效率(PCE),器件的开路电压(V_(OC))为0.87 V,短路电流密度(J_(SC))为25.53 m A·cm^(-2),填充因子(FF)为0.78.D18-4C-5%减弱的分子聚集和结晶性大大改善了其在非卤溶剂中的溶解性,表现出优异的器件加工性能.基于D18-4C-5%:L8-BO的大面积柔性器件(1 cm^(2))也可实现14.00%的优异PCE.本工作阐明了柔性链削弱聚集策略对聚合物给体加工性能改善的重要作用,能够解决强聚集聚合物给体材料在大面积溶液加工中的局限性,对高效有机太阳能电池的进一步发展具有重要意义.
文摘Northern China has rich wind power and photovoltaic renewable resources. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units to meet the load demand and limit its peaking capacity in winter, to a certain extent, it results in structural problems of wind-solar power and thermoelectric. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a plurality of units together to ensure supply of heat load on the premise, by building a thermoelectric power peaking considering thermal load unit group dynamic scheduling model, to achieve the potential of different thermoelectric properties peaking units of the excavation. Simulation examples show, if the unit group exists obvious relationship thermoelectric individual differences, the thermal load dynamic scheduling can be more significantly improved overall performance peaking unit group, effectively increase clean energy consumptive.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21190031,51303201,21474128)
文摘Donor-acceptor type copolymers have wide applications in organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices.Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione（TPD）,as an electron-withdrawing unit,has been widely used in D-A type copolymers recently.Till now,the highest power conversion efficiency and mobility of TPD-based copolymers are over 8% and 1.0 cm^2 V^（-1） s^（-1） respectively.In this review,the recent progress of TPD-based copolymers in organic solar cells and organic transistors is summarized.
