International agreements such as the Paris Agreement encourage developed countries to diffuse renewable energy technologies to developing nations at different stages of the technology lifecycle,aiding the latter in mi...International agreements such as the Paris Agreement encourage developed countries to diffuse renewable energy technologies to developing nations at different stages of the technology lifecycle,aiding the latter in mitigating and adapting to global climate change.This study constructs a big-data map of 322,761 solar technology patent diffusions among 175 countries from 1970 to 2022.By employing innovative multi-layer community network models,key technology identification frameworks,and main path analysis,we analyze the network characteristics,community patterns,and evolutionary pathways of global solar technology diffusions.The findings reveal:(1)Global solar technology has transitioned from rapid growth to maturity,with post-2011 technological inventions declining by 41.12%.(2)The hub function of technology diffusion has shifted from centralization to decentralization.Developed countries'influence in technology diffusion has weakened,while China's role in the Global South has strengthened.(3)The US has maintained a monopoly in both critical and general technology diffusion since 1970.Post-2011,China has established regional influence in low-barrier general technology diffusion.(4)Main path analysis of technology evolution shows that the US and Japan dominate 51.23%and 32.71%of key nodes in the 10 major technology clusters,respectively,while China accounts for only 10.12%.Technology importation,absorption,and re-innovation in battery modules and power generation systems are China's primary pathways to shape global influence.This study provides an objective understanding of China's global impact in solar technology development,cautioning against over-optimism based solely on market dominance.展开更多
Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfo...Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfort demands.This work took the rural dwellings in Northwest China as the research object.First,the current indoor and outdoor thermal environment in winter and the mechanism of residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort were obtained through tests,questionnaires,and statistical analysis.Second,a comprehensive passive optimized design of existing buildings was conducted,and the validity of the optimized combination scheme was explored using DesignBuilder software.Finally,the suitability of passive solar heating technology for each region in Northwest China was analyzed based on residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort.The regions were then classified according to the suitability of the technology for these.The results showed that the indoor heating energy consumption was high and the indoor thermal environment was not ideal,yet the solar energy resources were abundant.Indoor comfort temperature indexes that match the functional rooms and usage periods were proposed.For the buildings with the optimized combination scheme,the average indoor temperature was increased significantly and the temperature fluctuation was decreased dramatically.Most regions in Northwest China were suitable for the development of passive solar heating technology.Based on the obtained suitability of the technology for the regions of Northwest China,these were classified into most suitable,more suitable,less suitable,and unsuitable regions.展开更多
Since Prof. Jorg SCHLAICH from the University of Stuttgart in Germany built the first solar chimney power plant （SCPP） prototype in the early 1980s, research on SCPP technology has aroused worldwide attention from e...Since Prof. Jorg SCHLAICH from the University of Stuttgart in Germany built the first solar chimney power plant （SCPP） prototype in the early 1980s, research on SCPP technology has aroused worldwide attention from experiment, to theory and then feasibility studies for large-scale commercial application.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)power forecasting is essential for balancing energy supply and demand in renewable energy systems.However,the performance of PV panels varies across different technologies due to differences in efficie...Photovoltaic(PV)power forecasting is essential for balancing energy supply and demand in renewable energy systems.However,the performance of PV panels varies across different technologies due to differences in efficiency and how they process solar radiation.This study evaluates the effectiveness of deep learning models in predicting PV power generation for three panel technologies:Hybrid-Si,Mono-Si,and Poly-Si,across three forecasting horizons:1-step,12-step,and 24-step.Among the tested models,the Convolutional Neural Network—Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)architecture exhibited superior performance,particularly for the 24-step horizon,achieving R^(2)=0.9793 and MAE 0.0162 for the Poly-Si array,followed by Mono-Si(R^(2)=0.9768)and Hybrid-Si arrays(R^(2)=0.9769).These findings demonstrate that the CNN-LSTM model can provide accurate and reliable PV power predictions for all studied technologies.By identifying the most suitable predictive model for each panel technology,this study contributes to optimizing PV power forecasting and improving energy management strategies.展开更多
As a result of Japan raising the alert level at its quake-damaged nuclear plant from four to seven on a seven-point international scale of atomic incidents,which was caused by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake
Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,B...Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,Bukyiende Subcounty in Uganda where he has been cultivating plantain,coffee and Irish potatoes for the past 16 years.展开更多
China’s Tibet autonomous region has abundant solar energy resources,cold winters,and cool summers.These are ideal conditions for the application of passive solar heating methods.However,differences in climatic condit...China’s Tibet autonomous region has abundant solar energy resources,cold winters,and cool summers.These are ideal conditions for the application of passive solar heating methods.However,differences in climatic conditions and building types can significantly affect passive solar technology’s feasibility,which makes it challenging to promote passive solar buildings in Tibet.In this study,the suitability zone for passive solar technology is categorized based on the sub-zoning indicators for Tibet.By modeling between direct gain windows,Trombe walls,and attached sunspaces,the effect of indoor thermal environments and the capacity for heating load reduction is compared for different passive solar technologies.The climate-difference impact analysis shows that the I-B-1 zone is better suited for passive solar technology than other climate zones.More specifically,this zone has an average energy-saving rate difference of up to 28.61%compared to the II-A-1 zone.The analysis of the impact of building type differences indicates that residential buildings have higher Trombe wall-to-wall ratio limits and more significant potential for energy savings than office buildings.The study also clarifies the implications of Tibet’s climate conditions and building type differences on the effectiveness of passive solar technology.Moreover,it recommends appropriate passive solar technology adoption methods for every climate zone.This study can be used as a reference and engineering guide to improving the indoor thermal environment of Tibetan buildings,tailored to the highly variable local conditions.展开更多
Trombe walls have significant energy-saving features and are therefore of great interest to researchers.However,additional research about the Trombe wall is needed to reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and to impr...Trombe walls have significant energy-saving features and are therefore of great interest to researchers.However,additional research about the Trombe wall is needed to reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and to improve thermal behavior under different climatic conditions.A new Trombe wall system was proposed which uses Venetian blinds and a basement.The field tests were conducted to compare the thermal performance of four types of rooms:(ⅰ)no Trombe wall(control),(ⅱ)classical Trombe wall(TW),(ⅲ)Trombe wall with Venetian blinds(TW+VB),and(ⅳ)Trombe wall with Venetian blinds and a basement(TW+VB+B).The field measurements were conducted during the winter near Shihezi City in northwest China.The objective of this study was(ⅰ)to evaluate the thermal performance of a novel Trombe wall system under different operation conditions,and(ⅱ)to confirm the optimal angle of Venetian blinds during the heating period.The results demonstrated that the TW+VB+B system effectively reduced indoor temperature fluctuations after sunset.Furthermore,during the daytime,the average air temperatures in the test rooms were 13.6℃higher in the TW+VB+B system than in the control.The average temperature at the air outlet in the TW+VB+B system was 4.9℃higher than that in the TW+VB system during the daytime,and the average predicted mean vote(PMV)of the test room was 1.02 units greater in the TW+VB+B system than in the control.The thermal efficiency remains in the range of 40%-65%when the Venetian blind angle was set at 45°.In conclusion,the experiment results showed that the TW+VB+B system can not only reduce indoor temperature fluctuations but also improve thermal performance in winter.Both the heating energy consumption in buildings and pollutants emission in the environment were lessened through the application of this passive solar energy-saving technology.Therefore,this can provide valuable insights for improving the thermal performance of the novel Trombe Wall system in such village houses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72348003,42022007&42301192)。
文摘International agreements such as the Paris Agreement encourage developed countries to diffuse renewable energy technologies to developing nations at different stages of the technology lifecycle,aiding the latter in mitigating and adapting to global climate change.This study constructs a big-data map of 322,761 solar technology patent diffusions among 175 countries from 1970 to 2022.By employing innovative multi-layer community network models,key technology identification frameworks,and main path analysis,we analyze the network characteristics,community patterns,and evolutionary pathways of global solar technology diffusions.The findings reveal:(1)Global solar technology has transitioned from rapid growth to maturity,with post-2011 technological inventions declining by 41.12%.(2)The hub function of technology diffusion has shifted from centralization to decentralization.Developed countries'influence in technology diffusion has weakened,while China's role in the Global South has strengthened.(3)The US has maintained a monopoly in both critical and general technology diffusion since 1970.Post-2011,China has established regional influence in low-barrier general technology diffusion.(4)Main path analysis of technology evolution shows that the US and Japan dominate 51.23%and 32.71%of key nodes in the 10 major technology clusters,respectively,while China accounts for only 10.12%.Technology importation,absorption,and re-innovation in battery modules and power generation systems are China's primary pathways to shape global influence.This study provides an objective understanding of China's global impact in solar technology development,cautioning against over-optimism based solely on market dominance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078419 and 51678483)supported by the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi’an University of Technology(310–252072116).
文摘Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfort demands.This work took the rural dwellings in Northwest China as the research object.First,the current indoor and outdoor thermal environment in winter and the mechanism of residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort were obtained through tests,questionnaires,and statistical analysis.Second,a comprehensive passive optimized design of existing buildings was conducted,and the validity of the optimized combination scheme was explored using DesignBuilder software.Finally,the suitability of passive solar heating technology for each region in Northwest China was analyzed based on residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort.The regions were then classified according to the suitability of the technology for these.The results showed that the indoor heating energy consumption was high and the indoor thermal environment was not ideal,yet the solar energy resources were abundant.Indoor comfort temperature indexes that match the functional rooms and usage periods were proposed.For the buildings with the optimized combination scheme,the average indoor temperature was increased significantly and the temperature fluctuation was decreased dramatically.Most regions in Northwest China were suitable for the development of passive solar heating technology.Based on the obtained suitability of the technology for the regions of Northwest China,these were classified into most suitable,more suitable,less suitable,and unsuitable regions.
文摘Since Prof. Jorg SCHLAICH from the University of Stuttgart in Germany built the first solar chimney power plant （SCPP） prototype in the early 1980s, research on SCPP technology has aroused worldwide attention from experiment, to theory and then feasibility studies for large-scale commercial application.
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)power forecasting is essential for balancing energy supply and demand in renewable energy systems.However,the performance of PV panels varies across different technologies due to differences in efficiency and how they process solar radiation.This study evaluates the effectiveness of deep learning models in predicting PV power generation for three panel technologies:Hybrid-Si,Mono-Si,and Poly-Si,across three forecasting horizons:1-step,12-step,and 24-step.Among the tested models,the Convolutional Neural Network—Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)architecture exhibited superior performance,particularly for the 24-step horizon,achieving R^(2)=0.9793 and MAE 0.0162 for the Poly-Si array,followed by Mono-Si(R^(2)=0.9768)and Hybrid-Si arrays(R^(2)=0.9769).These findings demonstrate that the CNN-LSTM model can provide accurate and reliable PV power predictions for all studied technologies.By identifying the most suitable predictive model for each panel technology,this study contributes to optimizing PV power forecasting and improving energy management strategies.
文摘As a result of Japan raising the alert level at its quake-damaged nuclear plant from four to seven on a seven-point international scale of atomic incidents,which was caused by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake
文摘Andrew Wangota,a 48-year-old Ugandan farmer,has been using agrivoltaics technology,a solar technology that uses agricultural land for both food production and solar power generation,on his farm in Bunashimolo Parish,Bukyiende Subcounty in Uganda where he has been cultivating plantain,coffee and Irish potatoes for the past 16 years.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2019YFE0104900)Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20311)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52008329).
文摘China’s Tibet autonomous region has abundant solar energy resources,cold winters,and cool summers.These are ideal conditions for the application of passive solar heating methods.However,differences in climatic conditions and building types can significantly affect passive solar technology’s feasibility,which makes it challenging to promote passive solar buildings in Tibet.In this study,the suitability zone for passive solar technology is categorized based on the sub-zoning indicators for Tibet.By modeling between direct gain windows,Trombe walls,and attached sunspaces,the effect of indoor thermal environments and the capacity for heating load reduction is compared for different passive solar technologies.The climate-difference impact analysis shows that the I-B-1 zone is better suited for passive solar technology than other climate zones.More specifically,this zone has an average energy-saving rate difference of up to 28.61%compared to the II-A-1 zone.The analysis of the impact of building type differences indicates that residential buildings have higher Trombe wall-to-wall ratio limits and more significant potential for energy savings than office buildings.The study also clarifies the implications of Tibet’s climate conditions and building type differences on the effectiveness of passive solar technology.Moreover,it recommends appropriate passive solar technology adoption methods for every climate zone.This study can be used as a reference and engineering guide to improving the indoor thermal environment of Tibetan buildings,tailored to the highly variable local conditions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 51778119.
文摘Trombe walls have significant energy-saving features and are therefore of great interest to researchers.However,additional research about the Trombe wall is needed to reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and to improve thermal behavior under different climatic conditions.A new Trombe wall system was proposed which uses Venetian blinds and a basement.The field tests were conducted to compare the thermal performance of four types of rooms:(ⅰ)no Trombe wall(control),(ⅱ)classical Trombe wall(TW),(ⅲ)Trombe wall with Venetian blinds(TW+VB),and(ⅳ)Trombe wall with Venetian blinds and a basement(TW+VB+B).The field measurements were conducted during the winter near Shihezi City in northwest China.The objective of this study was(ⅰ)to evaluate the thermal performance of a novel Trombe wall system under different operation conditions,and(ⅱ)to confirm the optimal angle of Venetian blinds during the heating period.The results demonstrated that the TW+VB+B system effectively reduced indoor temperature fluctuations after sunset.Furthermore,during the daytime,the average air temperatures in the test rooms were 13.6℃higher in the TW+VB+B system than in the control.The average temperature at the air outlet in the TW+VB+B system was 4.9℃higher than that in the TW+VB system during the daytime,and the average predicted mean vote(PMV)of the test room was 1.02 units greater in the TW+VB+B system than in the control.The thermal efficiency remains in the range of 40%-65%when the Venetian blind angle was set at 45°.In conclusion,the experiment results showed that the TW+VB+B system can not only reduce indoor temperature fluctuations but also improve thermal performance in winter.Both the heating energy consumption in buildings and pollutants emission in the environment were lessened through the application of this passive solar energy-saving technology.Therefore,this can provide valuable insights for improving the thermal performance of the novel Trombe Wall system in such village houses.
